All Questions
716 questions
11
votes
2
answers
1k
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Is sigma-additivity of Lebesgue measure deducible from ZF?
Is sigma-additivity (countable additivity) of Lebesgue measure (say on measurable subsets of the real line) deducible from the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (without the axiom of choice)?
Note 1. ...
- 16.6k
11
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Transcendentality of all irrationals in the Cantor set
Hi, I am a student researcher trying to prove that all irrationals within the Cantor set are transcendental. This is grounded, intuitively, in Cantor set members' being non-normal; since algebraic ...
- 113
11
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Smallest positive zero of Weierstrass nowhere differentiable function
Consider the Weierstrass nowhere differentiable function $f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{2^n} \cos(4^n \pi x)$. It seems that the smallest positive zero of $f(x)$ occurs at $x=\frac{1}{5}$, but I ...
- 413
11
votes
0
answers
374
views
A game of harmonic series(s)
Given a set $A\subseteq\mathbb{R}_{>0}$, consider the following (two-player, perfect-information, length-$\omega$) game $H_A$:
Players $1$ and $2$ alternately play strictly increasing natural ...
- 21.1k
11
votes
1
answer
704
views
Is $\mathfrak j_{2:1}=\mathfrak{j}_{2:2}$ in ZFC?
A function $f:\omega\to\omega$ is called
$\bullet$ 2-to-1 if $|f^{-1}(y)|\le 2$ for any $y\in\omega$;
$\bullet$ almost injective if the set $\{y\in \omega:|f^{-1}(y)|>1\}$ is finite.
Let us ...
- 41.8k
10
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Gluing two diffeomorphisms together
A fundamental construction in a first course on manifolds is to build a smooth function $\psi\colon \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ with the property that for some $0<\delta<\epsilon$ we have
$\psi(...
- 8,903
10
votes
2
answers
2k
views
A result attributed to Whitney
One of the basic results of real analysis says that any closed subset of a smooth ($C^\infty$) manifold $M$ is the set of zeros of some map $\lambda\in C^\infty(M;[0,1])$. This result (or some ...
- 727
10
votes
2
answers
835
views
Functions that are approximately differentiable a.e
The classical definition of an approximately differentiable function is as follows:
Definition.
Let $f:E\to\mathbb{R}$ be a measurable function defined on a measurable set $E\subset\mathbb{R}^n$. ...
- 28k
10
votes
3
answers
913
views
Inequality for functions on [0,1]
Let $a\in (0,1), \;\;\psi_a(x):=\prod_{j=0}^\infty (1-a^{2j+1}x).$
Question. Is it true that, for all $x\in [0,1]$ and all $k\in\mathbb{N},$ the following inequality holds:
$$\frac{x^k}{(1-a)(1-a^3)\...
- 783
9
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Traces of Sobolev spaces
Is there a simple proof of the following fact?
Theorem. Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ be a bounded and smooth domain. If $n>2$, then $W^{1,n-1}(\partial\Omega)\subset
W^{1-\frac{1}{n},n}(\...
- 28k
9
votes
5
answers
2k
views
Convexity of distance-to-boundary function
Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}$ be an open,
bounded convex domain. Denote $d_{\Omega}:\Omega\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$
the distance-to-boundary function, that is,
$$
d_{\Omega}\left(x\right):=\inf\left\...
- 91
8
votes
1
answer
388
views
A dichotomy for the quadratic variation of differentiable functions?
For a real-valued function $f$ on $[0,1]$, define its quadratic variation by the formula
$$[f]:=\limsup\sum_{j=1}^n(f(t_j)-f(t_{j-1}))^2,$$
where the $\limsup$ is taken over all "partitions" ...
- 128k
8
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Expression for the sum of square roots of zeros of a polynomial
Let $f(x)$ be a polynomial of degree $n$ with rational coefficients whose zeroes are nonnegative real numbers: $x_1, \dots, x_n\geq 0$.
General question. Does there exist a simple expression for the ...
- 34.3k
8
votes
3
answers
520
views
Invertibility of specific function
This is my first post. I'm not a mathematician, just an electronics engineer who loves mathematics. In one of my projects, I arrived at the following function:
$$V\left(\varphi\right)=\frac{A\sqrt{\pi-...
8
votes
1
answer
609
views
Hausdorff distance and Cauchy sequences
This is a generalization of an older question.
Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space and let $(A_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\subseteq X$ be a sequence of non-empty closed subsets such that for all $\varepsilon > ...
- 48.9k
7
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Does anyone know what is the right reference for the following simple lemma from harmonic analysis?
The lemma says that given $\lambda\geq 1$, $p\geq 1$, $a_j\geq 0$, for a collection of balls $\{B_j\}_{j\in\mathbb{N}}$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$, it holds
$$\bigg\|\sum_j a_j\chi_{\lambda B_j}\bigg\|_p\leq C(...
- 1,881
7
votes
3
answers
986
views
Mixtures of log-convex functions are log-convex: a reference
A referee of a submitted paper requested details on the statement that $\int_0^a e^{-tx^2}\,dx$ is log-convex in real $t$, for each $a>0$. While there are a number of ways to prove this statement, ...
- 128k
7
votes
2
answers
455
views
On a monotonicity property of Fourier coefficients of truncated power functions
Is it true that
$$a_{k,n}:=\int_0^{2\pi}x^k\cos(nx)\,dx$$
is nonincreasing in natural $n$ for each $k\in\{0,1,\dots\}$?
This question is related to this previous one.
Twice integrating by parts, one ...
- 128k
7
votes
3
answers
2k
views
A question on fractional derivatives
I know practically nothing about fractional calculus so I apologize in advance if the following is a silly question. I already tried on math.stackexchange.
I just wanted to ask if there is a notion of ...
user168611
7
votes
2
answers
268
views
Meeting a set of lines in $\mathbb{R}^n$
Fix an integer $n\ge 2$ and suppose that ${\cal L}$ is a set of lines in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Is there a set $M\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ with the following properties?
$M$ intersects all the elements of ${\...
- 48.9k
7
votes
1
answer
754
views
Closed convex hull in infinite dimensions vs. continuous convex combinations
tl;dr: When is the closed convex hull of a set $K$ equal to the set of "continuous" convex combinations of $K$?
I am essentially asking for the most general, infinite-dimensional analogue of ...
- 71
6
votes
1
answer
340
views
Inequality for functions on [0,1], continued
Let $0<a<1,\; \psi_a(x)=\displaystyle \prod_{j=0}^\infty (1-a^jx).$ For each $ k\in \mathbb{N},$ set
$$f_k(a;x):=\frac{x^k}{(1-a)(1-a^2)\dots (1-a^k)}\,\psi_a(x).$$
Question. Is it true that, ...
- 783
6
votes
1
answer
181
views
Can we approximate a vector field on the plane with non-vanishing vector fields in $W^{1,2}$?
Let $V$ be a compactly-supported vector field on $\mathbb{R}^2$, whose zeros inside some open neighbourhood of the closed unit disk $\mathbb{D}^2$ are isolated.
Does there exist a sequence of ...
- 6,741
6
votes
2
answers
633
views
Interpolation space between $L^1\cap L^2$ and $L^1$
In the paper of Bourgain, the way equation (3.78) is deduced from (3.69) and (3.76) seems via the following interpolation result. Let $(X,\mu)$ and $(Y,\nu)$ be two measure spaces and let $T$ be a ...
- 193
6
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Level sets of a Weierstrass nowhere-differentiable function
Can anyone describe level sets of a Weierstrass nowhere-differentiable function? For example, let $f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{2^n} \cos( 4^n \pi x)$. For some $c \in (-2,2)$, what is known ...
- 413
5
votes
1
answer
345
views
To give an estimate for the maximal function associated to the Schrödinger group by using a measurable selector function
I am consulting some papers (references below) about the Carleson's problem for the pointwise convergence of the Schrödinger group
\begin{equation}
S_t=e^{i t \Delta}.
\end{equation}
In this context ...
- 692
5
votes
1
answer
534
views
Minimiser of a certain functional
Let $f_i \in L^1 ([0, 1])$ be a sequence of functions equibounded in $L^1$ norm - that is, there exists some $M > 0$ such that $\|f_i\|_{L^1} < M$.
Define the functional $F: L^1([0, 1]) \to \...
- 6,155
5
votes
2
answers
459
views
Backward heat equation and forward perturbed heat equation well posed?
I consider the following scenario. Let $I$ be a compact interval in space and $f$ a nice function in the space $C^{\infty}(I)$. In the following we consider a self-adjoint realization of our operators ...
- 536
5
votes
1
answer
958
views
Does a nonlinear additive function on R imply a Hamel basis of R?
A function is additive if $f(x+y) = f(x) + f(y)$. Intuitively, it might seem that an additive function from R to R must be linear, specifically of the form $f(x) = kx$. But assuming the axiom of ...
- 4,587
5
votes
1
answer
288
views
Is there any continuous ternary function which can not be represented by composition of continuous binary functions?
Let $f : X^3 \rightarrow X$.
If $X$ is $\mathbb Z$, then there will be a couple of functions $g,h$ from $\mathbb Z^2$ to $\mathbb Z$ that satisfies $f(x,y,z) = g(h(x,y),z)$ since there is a bijection ...
- 151
4
votes
0
answers
114
views
Find at least one square-boxed subcontinuum
Recall that a plane continuum is a closed, bounded,
connected subset of the plane.
It is non-degenerate if it contains at least two points.
(We may sometimes just say "continuum" even if
we ...
- 1,375
4
votes
1
answer
977
views
Ratio sum comparison on operators
It is known by the Lidskii inequality, that $\sum_{i=1}^n \left|s_i(S)-s_i(T)\right|\le\sum_{i=1}^n s_i(S+T)$,
where $s_i(S)$ is the $i$-th singular value of $S$.
How would one prove that
$$\sum_{i=1}^...
- 41
4
votes
2
answers
479
views
Smooth functions with zeros of infinite order on a closed set
It follows from Whitney extension theorem that for every closed set $ C \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n $ and for every $ k \geq 1 $ there exists a function $ f \in C^k(\mathbb{R}^n) $ such that $ C = \{x : f(...
- 541
4
votes
1
answer
374
views
An open mapping theorem for homogeneous functions?
I am researching different generalizations of the familiar open mapping theorem from functional analysis. Every "proof" I attempt while simply assuming positive-homogeneity, even in the finite-dim ...
- 123
4
votes
1
answer
539
views
Derivatives of Riemann $\xi$ and traces of zeros
Looking for references essentially corroborating (to authoritatively satisfy some editors) the sketch below of the relationship between even power (2,4,...) sums (traces) of the imaginary part of the ...
- 10.5k
4
votes
2
answers
245
views
On the monotonicity of the ratio of two logarithmic expressions
According to this comment and this comment, a positive answer to this recent question (about Bernoulli numbers) would be sufficient to prove the following:
$r:=f/g$ is increasing on $(0,\pi/2)$ from $...
- 128k
4
votes
3
answers
499
views
Are $\pm f\sqrt{1+g^2}$ and $\pm fg\sqrt{1+g^2}$ smooth if $f,fg,fg^2$ are smooth?
This is a follow-up on the previous question.
Suppose that $f$ and $g$ are functions from $\mathbb R$ to $\mathbb R$ such that the functions $f,fg,fg^2$ are smooth, that is, are in $C^\infty(\mathbb ...
- 128k
4
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Fourier coefficients of real analytic functions on an n-dimension torus
Let $(\mathbf{R}^n,\langle\;,\; \rangle)$ be the n-dimensional euclidean space endowed with the standard inner product. For a lattice $L\subseteq \mathbf{R}^n$ we let $cov(L)$ denote the covolume of $...
- 7,609
4
votes
1
answer
213
views
Mapping properties of backward and forward heat equation
In a previous question on mathoverflow, I asked about the following:
Let $\Delta$ be the Laplacian on some compact interval $I$ of the real line with let's say Dirichlet boundary conditions.
The ...
- 536
4
votes
1
answer
410
views
Using a quadratic kernel instead of a linear kernel in the Laplace transform
Suppose $f$ is a bounded continuous function on $[0,\infty)$ such that $\int_0^\infty f(t) \exp(-xt) \: dt \rightarrow 0$ as $x \rightarrow 0^+$. Does it follow that $\int_0^\infty f(t) \exp(-xt^2) \: ...
- 19.7k
4
votes
1
answer
785
views
What is the dual space of $L^p$(conservative vector fields on a bounded set)?
First, some background: I wanted to prove that, if $f$ is a measurable function such that $\nabla f\in L^p_\text{loc}(\mathbb R^n)$, then $f\in L^p_\text{loc}(\mathbb R^n)$, $p\in(1,\infty)$. This is ...
- 391
3
votes
4
answers
934
views
Is there a compact connected Hausdorff space in which every non-empty $G_\delta$ set has non-empty interior?
Q1.
Is there a compact connected Hausdorff space (with at least two points) in which every non-empty $G_\delta$ set has non-empty interior? (Without the requirement for connectedness, every finite $...
- 1,375
3
votes
1
answer
681
views
measure zero in R but not in R^2
I want to find some subset of R^2 which its intersection with every vertical line is measure zero if we see it as a subset of R and it is not measure zero in R^2?
- 33
3
votes
0
answers
646
views
On properties on a certain functional
Consider the following function:
$$F(z) = \omega(z)\sin^2\left(\frac{c\Gamma(z)}{z}\right)$$
Here, $\omega(z)$ is a weight we have to construct and $c$ is a constant.
The following three conditions ...
- 375
3
votes
1
answer
459
views
Are Carnot groups (as Carnot Caratheodory metric spaces) doubling?
I need to use the Lebesgue differentiation theorem for doubling metric measure spaces and was wondering if Carnot groups are doubling. If yes, is there any reference you can point me to? Thank you.
- 520
3
votes
1
answer
308
views
$f: [0,1]\rightarrow L^1(\Omega)$ as a (measurable?) function from $[0,1]\times \Omega\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$
Given a map from $\big([0,1], \mathcal{B}[0,1], m\big)$ to a Banach space $(X, \|\cdot \|)$. There are strong measurable functions (they are the point wise a.e. limit of simple functions) and weak ...
- 485
3
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Is there an example where the error of Gauss-Laguerre quadrature does not vanish?
The $n$th Gauss-Laguerre quadrature aims to approximate integral $$\int_{\mathbb{R}_+} f(x) \exp(-x)$$ by the sum
$$\sum_{i=1}^n f(x_i) w_i$$
where $x_1,...,x_n$ are the roots of the $n$th Laguerre ...
- 1,839
3
votes
2
answers
210
views
Bounding integral expression with total variation of integrand
Consider the following integral expression:
$$\mathcal I :=\iint_{\epsilon \leq|x-y| \leq 1/2} f(x) f(y) \frac{(g(x)-g(y))(x-y)}{|x-y|^{3}} d x d y $$
for $\epsilon>0$, $f \in L^\infty(\mathbb R)$,...
user139844
2
votes
2
answers
197
views
$L^p$ domination of mixed partial derivatives by the unmixed ones?
Is it true that for each real $p\ge1$ there is some real $C_p$ such that for all smooth real-valued functions $u$ compactly supported on $S:=(0,1)^2$ one has
$$\|D_1D_2u\|_p\le C_p(\|D_1^2u\|_p+\|D_2^...
- 128k
2
votes
1
answer
382
views
Continuous real function on germs
Let $C_0^{m,n}$ be the space of germs of continuous maps from $\mathbb{R}^m$ to $\mathbb{R}^n$, located at $0\in\mathbb{R}^m$, with the usual inductive limit topology. One can also consider $C_0^{m,n}$...
- 21.5k