All Questions
Tagged with ra.rings-and-algebras universal-algebra
69 questions
4
votes
1
answer
115
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An elementary proof of the equivalence of the Bol and Moufang identities
By a well-known result of Bol (1937) and Bruck (1958), for any loop the following two identities are equivalent:
B: $x(y(xz))=((xy)x)z$
M: $(xy)(zx)=(x(yz))x$.
A proof of the equivalence (B)$\...
- 41.8k
4
votes
2
answers
366
views
Notion of prime congruences
We have the idea of a prime ideal in a commutative ring $R$ but in universal algebra, we generalize the notion of ideal to that of a congruence. I’ve thought over the question of what a prime ...
- 293
8
votes
2
answers
596
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If a semigroup embeds into a group, then is it a subdirect product of groups?
The title has it all:
Q. If a semigroup $S$ embeds into a group, then is $S$ (isomorphic to) a subdirect product of groups?
If yes, then $S$ is a subdirect product of subdirectly irreducible groups,...
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7
votes
2
answers
488
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Is every cancellative semigroup a subdirect product of subdirectly irreducible cancellative semigroups?
By a classical result of Birkhoff (that is, Theorem 2 in [G. Birkhoff, Subdirect unions in universal algebra, Bull. AMS, 1944]) and the trivial fact that the class of semigroups is closed under the ...
- 10.5k
16
votes
0
answers
218
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If a map between unital rings preserves multiplication and successor, does it preserve addition?
Welcome to my first MathOverflow posting!
This is a question about rings, all of them assumed to be both unital and associative.
Let $f\colon R\to S$ be a map between rings such that $f(xy)=f(x)f(y)$ ...
- 161
1
vote
1
answer
215
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Reference about cancellation property for semigroups
Have the semigroups with the following cancellation property been studied?
Property: Let $S$ be a semigroup and $x,y\in S$ such that $xz=yz,$ for all $z\in S,$ then $x=y$.
- 313
2
votes
0
answers
81
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The involutive structure on a division ring
This question is motivated by foundations of geometry, namely, by studying scalars in affine spaces.
Let $F$ be a field (or better a division ring). It has the operations of addition and ...
- 41.8k
5
votes
3
answers
542
views
Congruences that aren't "finite from above"
Let $\mathfrak{A}=(A;...)$ be an algebra in the sense of universal algebra. Say that a congruence $\sim$ on $\mathfrak{A}$ is parafinite iff there is an equivalence relation $E\subseteq A^2$ with ...
- 21.2k
0
votes
0
answers
105
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Definition of term functions, in universal algebra
According to the definitions in Sankappanavar's universal algebra :
Assume $p$ is a term, then $p(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)$ indicates that the variables occurring in $p$ are among $x_1,...,x_n$. But there is ...
- 11
0
votes
0
answers
101
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Is a principal filter in a free Heyting algebra a projective Heyting algebra?
A Heyting algebra is a bounded distributive lattice $(L,\vee,\wedge,0,1)$ together with a binary operation $\rightarrow$ called implication or relative pseudocomplementation with the property that, ...
- 1,644
7
votes
2
answers
578
views
Deriving consequences of identities
Suppose we are given a variety in the universal algebra sense.
For concreteness, suppose that we have two binary operations $+,\cdot$, three unary operations $-,\ast,'$, and two zeroary operations $0,...
- 18.7k
7
votes
1
answer
193
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Free median algebras and maximal linked systems
$\DeclareMathOperator\MLS{MLS}$Recall that the median operation, on the power set $2^Y$ of subsets of a set $Y$, is the ternary law $m(A,B,C)$ mapping a triple of subsets to the set of elements ...
- 63.9k
2
votes
1
answer
111
views
Algebras determined by their globals
If $A= (A, f_1, f_2, ...f_n)$ is an algebra, then its global (sometimes referred to as complex algebras) $\mathcal{U}(A)$ is defined on the power set $\wp(A)$ in the usual way.
It is known that $\...
- 161
3
votes
1
answer
328
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What does it mean for the surreal numbers/partizan games to be "universally embedding"?
In "On numbers and games", Conway writes that the surreal Numbers form a universally embedding totally ordered Field. Later Jacob Lurie proved that (the equivalence classes of) the partizan ...
- 83
8
votes
1
answer
1k
views
First isomorphism theorem for sets?
Let $f\colon S\to T$ be any function. There is the obvious refinement of $f$, by replacing the codomain $T$ with the image. Thus, every function factors into a surjection followed by an injection (...
- 18.7k
1
vote
0
answers
66
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First isomorphism theorem for inverse semigroups together with v-prehomomorphisms?
In this old paper D. B. McAlister has introduced another class of morphisms for inverse semigroups, called v-prehomomorphisms. For such a morphism $\theta : S \to T,$ instead of preserving the ...
- 1,093
1
vote
1
answer
349
views
Lawvere theory of Lawvere theories
There is a coloured operad $sOp$ such that $sOp$-algebras are single-coloured operads. This operad has a simple description in terms of generators and relations, say, as an operad $F(X)/R$. There is a ...
- 103
10
votes
2
answers
473
views
Varieties where every algebra is projective?
Is it possible to classify all varieties (in the sense of universal algebra) where every algebra is projective?
Several years ago I asked a similar question, with "free" in place of "...
- 63.9k
4
votes
1
answer
372
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On the tree-ishness of magmas and the stringiness of groups
Let me start off by saying that I suspect the answer to my question might fall under the domain of universal algebra, which is why I'm giving it that tag. However, I know only the very basics of ...
- 309
2
votes
0
answers
286
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Union star symbol in set theory
In the slides Provenance for Database Transformations, page 24, they provide a semiring for lineage, which include a $\cup^*$ symbol. However, I can not find any related materials about the meaning of ...
4
votes
2
answers
339
views
Are gyrogroups useful for anything else other than the Einstein velocity addition rule?
Gyrogroups were discovered by Ungar in modelling the Einstein velocity addition rule in relativity. Have they been shown to be useful elsewhere in mathematics (or mathematical physics)?
- 2,369
1
vote
2
answers
221
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Example of idempotent left quasigroups which are right-distributive but not left-distributive
I am looking for examples of the following algebraic structure: a set (X,.) which satisfy the axioms
(idempotent) x.x = x
(left quasigroup) the equation a.x = b has a unique solution denoted by x = ...
- 785
4
votes
0
answers
319
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Polynomial objects in any concrete category
EDIT: The original question had a trivial answer: it's just a coproduct. New question below
New Question: As shown below, in the category of commutative unital rings, the coproduct of a ring $R$ with $...
- 438
8
votes
1
answer
485
views
Jordan algebra identities
A Jordan algebra is a vector space with a commutative bilinear operation $\circ$ obeying an identity that's often written as
$$ (x \circ y) \circ (x \circ x) = x \circ (y \circ (x \circ x)) . $$
...
- 22.3k
3
votes
2
answers
219
views
Polynomial identities of supercommutative-gradable algebras
All algebras below are associative, and not assumed unital, and, to fix ideas, over the complex numbers.
An algebra $A$ is supercommutative-gradable if it admits a grading $A=A_0\oplus A_1$ in $\...
- 63.9k
9
votes
2
answers
661
views
Birkhoff's completeness theorem put into practice
Birkhoff's completeness theorem (see here, Theorem 14.19) states that an equation which is true in all models of an algebraic theory can be proven in equational logic.
Question. Does the proof of ...
- 63.1k
10
votes
0
answers
416
views
Equational theory in the signature (+,*,0,1) of sedenions and beyond
Consider a Cayley-Dickson algebra $(X,+,∗,0,1)$, that is an algebra generated from the reals by the Cayley-Dickson construction. From complexes to quaternions, we lose commutativity of multiplication, ...
- 2,013
6
votes
1
answer
299
views
Can a compact object be a nontrivial self-retract?
Let $\mathcal C$ be a locally finitely-presentable category, and let $X$ be a finitely-presentable object of $\mathcal C$.
Question: Can there exist a nontrivial idempotent on $X$ whose fixed points ...
- 63.9k
3
votes
0
answers
95
views
Lie structure over $R$-module
In Higgins' paper Baer invariants and the Birkhoff-Witt theorem (J. Algebra 11 (1969) 469–482, doi:10.1016/0021-8693(69)90086-6) the following definition is given:
A Lie structure over the $R$-module ...
- 427
7
votes
0
answers
378
views
Is there a theory of algebraic universal algebra?
An algebraic group is a group that is also an algebraic variety. There is also a theory of algebraic monoids. Is there are version of universal algebra that incorporates these examples, and other ...
- 6,870
0
votes
1
answer
654
views
Book on algebraic structures
What is the most complete book on algebraic structures that deals with the complete taxonomy from magmas to Lie algebras and inner product spaces?
- 19
4
votes
0
answers
113
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Closing Subsets Under Operations
My question is about closing sets under operations. First, I need a definition:
Definition: Let $A$ be a set and take a function $f : A^n \rightarrow A$ for $n \in \mathbb{N}_{\geq 0}$. For a set $S$,...
user30211
2
votes
0
answers
169
views
What is the difference between a monosemiring and a semigroup?
What is the difference between a monosemiring and a semigroup?
The following definitions are for clarity of my question.
A semigroup $S$ is a non empty set that satisfies closure and associativity ...
- 203
1
vote
0
answers
138
views
Is every monosemiring an idempotent semiring?
Is every monosemiring an idempotent semiring?
To make my question clear, let me give definitions as follows:
A semiring $(R, +, .)$ is said to be monosemiring if $x.y= x+y$ for all $x, y$ in $R$. And ...
- 203
3
votes
0
answers
79
views
Semigroups containing an ideal with a local identity
I'm looking for some classes of semigroups containing a (proper) ideal with a local identity (i.e., ideal submonoid). Can somebody give some examples or/and theorems for the followings cases:
(a) ...
- 995
5
votes
1
answer
245
views
What are algebraic systems and algebraic closure as defined by Kenjiro Shoda? Which are his main results on them?
In On Utumi's ring of quotients, Canad. J. Math. 15(1963), 363-370, J. Lambek says:
As a matter of historical record, the minimal injective extension of a module is a special case of the "algebraic ...
- 2,992
4
votes
1
answer
434
views
Regarding a new algebraic structure
By "left semigroup-joined-semigroup" I mean an algebraic structures $(S,\cdot,*)$ such that both $\cdot,*$ are associative, and the following property holds (see this )
$$
x*(y\cdot z)=x*y*z\;\; ; \;...
- 995
19
votes
1
answer
977
views
Topological universal algebra: what is a variety?
Very roughly, universal algebra is the study of those classes of algebraic structures which can be defined via a set of equations; such a class is called a variety. Of course there is far more to the ...
- 21.2k
9
votes
2
answers
1k
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Ternary associative multiplication
In this answer Brian M. Scott describes the following generalization of a binary associative multiplication to a ternary one: it is a function $$[\cdot,\cdot,\cdot] : G\times G \times G \to G$$ such ...
- 4,780
2
votes
1
answer
211
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Terminology for a monoid $(H, \cdot)$ s.t. $ax=a$ or $xa =a$ only if $x$ is a unit
Let $(H, \cdot)$ be a (multiplicative) monoid. Is there any consolidated name for the following Property $\text{(P)}$, or for the class of monoids for which it is satisfied?
$$\text{(P) If }\,xy = x\...
- 10.5k
4
votes
0
answers
172
views
Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt theorem for Leibniz algebras
Leibniz algebras can be seen as a non-skew-symmetric generalization of Lie algebras. I have already taken a look at some papers related to Leibniz algebras and extending main results of Lie algebras ...
- 367
3
votes
1
answer
191
views
Is every $n$-ary semigroup a subalgebra of an algebra derived from a binary semigroup?
Let $(A,f)$ be an $n$-ary semigroup ($n \ge 2$). Then there exists a ($2$-ary) semigroup $(\overline A,*)$ with an inclusion homomorphism $A \hookrightarrow \overline A$ such that that the restriction ...
- 190
7
votes
1
answer
555
views
Fuzzy logic of Godel
In Gödel logic, is conjunction definable from implication, negation , and disjunction?
We know that conjunction in that logic is not definable from negation and implication.
- 137
15
votes
3
answers
843
views
Is the Amitsur-Levitzki identity essentially unique?
Let us consider the matrix algebra. $Mat_n(\mathbb{C})$. The Amitsur-Levitzki identity states that for any matrices $X_1, X_2, ..., X_{2n} \in Mat_n(\mathbb{C})$ the sum $\Sigma_{\sigma \in S_{2n}} ...
- 1,842
3
votes
1
answer
360
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Is the equational theory of commutative vN regular rings decidable?
I wanted to check whether $A(x,y):=\frac{xy}{x+y}$ is an associative operation in every commutative vN regular ring. Now $A(-1,A(1,1))=A(-1,\frac{1}{2})=1\neq 0 =A(0,1)=A(A(-1,1),1)$. On the other ...
- 2,464
10
votes
3
answers
1k
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Natural associative law for a ternary "group"?
Suppose one were to define a group-like structure based on a set $G$
with a ternary (rather than binary) operator $g( a, b, c ) = \left< a, b, c \right>$.
One possible definition for the ...
- 151k
-2
votes
1
answer
131
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SHPS and SPHS inequality using monounary algebra
Let $A_n = \{(1,\ldots,n) , f \}$ where $f(i) = (i+1)$ if $i \neq n $ otherwise $f(n) = 1$.
This describes a mono unary algebra.
The proof for $HPS \neq SPHS$ I know uses metabelian groups and was ...
- 155
16
votes
1
answer
548
views
Does every commutative variety of algebras have a cogenerator?
By a commutative variety $\mathcal{V}$ I mean a classical variety of algebras for some $(\Sigma,E)$, such that each pair of operations in $\Sigma$ commutes.
Equivalently (i) every interpretation of ...
- 1,271
2
votes
1
answer
260
views
Universal constructions that factor through endomorphisms
If $\cal A$ is a variety of algebras (e.g., all groups) and $\cal B$ is a subvariety defined by some set of identities $X$ (e.g., abelian groups with $X = \{xy \simeq yx\}$), then there is a functor $...
- 879
4
votes
2
answers
507
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Are algebraic structures uniquely identifed by their free objects?
It might be a naive question, as I am not a specialist in this field.
This is a follow-up to this question.
I want to study varieties of objects generalizing ordered monoids, in particular using an ...
- 1,341