Questions tagged [quadratic-forms]
Algebraic and geometric theory of quadratic forms and symmetric bilinear forms, e.g., values attained by quadratic forms, isotropic subspaces, the Witt ring, invariants of quadratic forms, the discriminant and Clifford algebra of a quadratic form, Pfister forms, automorphisms of quadratic forms.
543 questions
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Solutions to the Diophantine equation $x^2+3y^2+3z^2=n$
For a fixed positive integer $n$, the Diophantine equation
$$x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = n$$
was studied by Gauss in Disquisitiones Arithmeticae. As is known, this equation is intimately connected to the ...
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A nice necessary and sufficient condition on positive semi-definiteness of a matrix with a special structure
Let
$$
A =
\begin{pmatrix}
\sum_{j\ne 1}a_{1j} & -a_{12} & \cdots & -a_{1n}\\
-a_{21} & \sum_{j\ne 2}a_{2j} & \cdots & -a_{2n}\\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \...
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What is $\mathbb{E} [\max_{\sigma \in \{ \pm 1\}^n} \sigma^T Z \sigma]$ for a random Gaussian matrix $Z$?
Given an $n \times n$ random matrix $\mathbf{Z}$ with each entry i.i.d. $\mathcal{N} (0,1)$, what is $\mathbb{E} [\max_{\sigma \in \{ \pm 1\}^n} \sigma^T Z \sigma]$ as $n \to \infty$? If this is too ...
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Number of roots of a quadratic form over GF(2)
If $Q(x) = x^T A x$ with $x \in GF(2)^n$ and $A \in GF(2)^{n \times n}$, is there a way to find how many roots $Q(x)$ has based on any properties of $A$ (e.g., rank, etc.)?
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genus 2 Siegel theta series of 3-dimensional lattices
Let $(V,f)$ be a $3$-dimensional positive definite quadratic space over $\mathbf Q$.
Let $G(V)$ be a set of representatives of the isometry classes of maximal integral lattices on $V$.
To an ...
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Is the map $GL_n(\mathbb{Z})\to GL_n(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})$ surjective?
Suppose $F$ is a field. I want to know whether the map $GL_n(GW(F))\to GL_n(W(F))$ is surjective, where $GW$ means Grothendieck-Witt and $W$ means Witt. In the case $F$ is algebraic closed, it reduces ...
- 918
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higher order analogues of sylvester's law of inertia?
Sylvester's law of inertia (here I quote wikipedia)
If A is the symmetric matrix that defines the quadratic form, and S is any invertible matrix such that D = SAS^{T} is diagonal, then the number ...
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Are stably equivalent quadratic forms over Z equivalent?
Let $Q_1, Q_2, R$ be quadratic froms over $\mathbb{Z}$ such that $Q_1 \oplus R \cong Q_2 \oplus R$ as quadratic forms. Is it necessary that $Q_1 \cong Q_2$?
I know that by Witt's theorem it is true ...
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Schur multiplier of a Chevalley group of type $D_5$
$\DeclareMathOperator\EO{EO}\DeclareMathOperator\SO{SO}\DeclareMathOperator\St{St}\DeclareMathOperator\Sp{Sp}$This is sort of a follow up question to my post here regarding the commutator subgroup of $...
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Isotropic subvarieties of $ V(x_1^2+\dots+x_n^2-t_1^2-\dots-t_n^2) $
Let $ K $ be a field, $ \operatorname{char} K = 0, $ let $ Q = x_1^2+\dots+x_n^2-t_1^2-\dots-t_n^2 $ be the totally isotropic form, then the maximal linear isotropic
subspaces of $ V(Q) \subset K^{...
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Maximizing quadratic form on the hypercube
I want to maximize a quadratic form $\mathbf x^T\mathbf Q\mathbf x$ and also want to find out which vector $\mathbf x$ maximizes the quadratic form when
$\mathbf Q$ is an $n\times n$ positive ...
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Finding Generators of O( Z^3,x^2 + xy + y^2 - z^2) and integer solutions
All pythagorean triples can be generated from $(3,4,5)^T$ and $(5,4,3)^T$ by the matrices:
\[ A = \left(\begin{array}{ccc} -1 & 2 & 2 \\\\ -2 & 1 & 2 \\\\-2 & 2 & 3 \end{array}...
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Canonical form for a pair of quadratic forms
Could anyone recommend a reference to a canonical form for a pair of quadratic forms over R (not necessarily positively definite)? This is probably related to the Weierstrass elementary divisors (but ...
- 1,488
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Equivalence of quadratic forms over $p$-adic integers vs over localisation at $p$
To discern whether two integral quadratic forms are equivalent over the $p$-adic integers, one can compute a Jordan decomposition at $p$ and read off some invariants. Restricting to $p\ne2$ for ...
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Methods to decide whether two positive definite ternary quadratic forms are in the same spinor genus?
Are there any effective methods to decide whether or not two positive definite ternary quadratic forms are in the same spinor genus?
For example, the following three forms are in the same genus
<...
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On the automorphism group of binary quadratic forms
This question is a continuation of the following two questions:
Discriminants of indefinite integral binary quadratic forms admitting 3 or 6 torsion.
On certain solutions of a quadratic form ...
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Ternary quadratic form theta series as Hecke eigenforms and class number one
At
Simple comparison of positive ternary quadratic form representation counts
Jeremy answered:
"The reason is that the theta series for the sums of three squares form is an eigenfunction for all the ...
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Constructing groups of Type E7 with certain Tits Index
In a new survey on $E_8$, namely
Skip Garibaldi - E8 the most exceptional group
, the author gives an example (Example 8.4., page 15) on how to construct a group of type E8 with a prescribed Tits-...
- 1,479
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Matrix version of number theoretic integral lattice claim
I know this not, everybody else seems to. This is from page 215 of Cassels, Rational Quadratic Forms, formula 4.1, or SPLAG, page 389 formula (36). quote:
If $f$ and $g$ are forms of
determinant $...
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Reduced form of Bhargava cubes
Let $A \in \mathbb{Z}^{2} \otimes \mathbb{Z}^{2} \otimes \mathbb{Z}^{2}$ be a Bhargava cube. We have a natural action of $\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z})^{3}$ on the space of Bhargava cubes, and I wonder ...
- 2,215
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Evaluating a binary quadratic form at convergents
We use the notation
$$\displaystyle [a_0; a_1, \cdots, a_n] = a_0 + \cfrac{1}{a_1 + \cfrac{1}{\ddots + \cfrac{1}{a_n}}}$$
to denote a finite continued fraction, and for a given real number $\alpha$, ...
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Hasse principle for quadratic forms over finitely generated fields
Does the Hasse principle hold for quadratic forms over finitely generated fields (e.g. for the Henselisations/completions at height-$1$-primes or all places)?
user19475
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Stabilizers of pairs of ternary quadratic forms
Let $A,B$ be two ternary quadratic forms with real coefficients, given by symmetric matrices
$$\displaystyle 2A = \begin{pmatrix} 2a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} \\ a_{12} & 2a_{22} & a_{23}...
- 26.9k
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From a (not positive definite) Gram matrix to a (Kac-Moody) Cartan matrix
Suppose I am given a symmetric matrix $G_{ij}$ with $G_{ii} = 2$. Can I always find an invertible integer matrix $S$ such that $(S^T G S)_{ii}=2$ and $(S^T G S)_{ij} \leq 0$ for $i \neq j$? Is there a ...
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Proving the existence of an integral quadratic form
Theorem 11 (Conway & Sloane, Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups, 3rd Edition, pp 383, Ch 15). If a system of putative $p$-adic symbols for each $p$ satisfies the determinant, oddity, and $p$-...
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Decide how many non-negative solutions a set of multivariate quadratic equations have
Given a set of multivariate, quadratic, non-homogeneous equations, is there a way to decide how many non-negative roots it have?
Some explanations:
All the coefficients are real numbers.
The number ...
- 183
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Bounded version of linear and quadratic Hasse--Minkowski theorem
The Hasse-Minkowski theorem states that if
$$Q(x_1,\ldots,x_n) = \sum_{i,j=1}^n a_{ij} x_ix_j$$
is a quadratic form with $a_{ij} \in \mathbb Z$ and $\det (a_{ij}) \neq 0$, then the equation
$$Q(x_1,\...
- 13.9k
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Rank four quadratic Form with non trivial discriminant in I(k)
Im sure this is a beginners question.
Let $k$ be a field and $I(k)$ the fundamental ideal in the Witt-ring W(k).
The Arason-Pfister-Hauptsatz states:
"If $\varphi$ is any anisotropic class in $I^n(...
- 1,479
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An isomorphic classification of non-associative division octonion algebras
A division octonion algebra over a field $F$ is a $8$-dimensional unital non-associative algebra $A$ over the field $F$, endowed with a quadratic form $N:A\times A\to F$ such that $N(xy)=N(x)N(y)$ and ...
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Proof that $x^2 + y^2 - z^2$ is universal
The (ternary) quadratic form $x^2 + y^2 - z^2$ is universal, meaning that any integer $n$ can be represented as $n = x^2 + y^2 - z^2$ for some integers $x, y, z$.
My question is this: who proved this ...
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applications of finding least quadratic nonresidue mod $p$?
I saw some papers from famous mathematicians (assuming GRH or without it) which are devoted to finding bound for least quadratic nonresidues modulo prime number $p$.
My question is that why it is so ...
- 841
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Positive Primes represented by an indefinite binary form, reducing poly degree from 8 to 4
In his lovely answer at Positive primes represented by indefinite binary quadratic form Noam found that a (positive) odd prime $p$ is represented by the indefinite form $x^2 + 13 x y - 9 y^2$ if and ...
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More questions involving characteristic 2 theta series identities
In my answer to my earlier question, "Existence of certain identities involving characteristic 2 thetas", I established some curious identities when the thetas have prime "level" congruent to 1 mod 4 ...
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Identification of conformal classes of pos def quadratic forms on R^2 with unit ball
One of the lemmas at the foundation of Teichmuller theory is as follows. Let $Q(x,y)$ be a positive definite quadratic form. Then there exists unique $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$ and $\mu \in \mathbb{C}$...
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Filling in a rational orthogonal matrix given one row
Quick version: given natural $n$ and a row of $n$ integers such that the sum of the squares is another square, call it $m^2.$ For $n=5,6,7$ is it always possible to fill in the rest of an $n$ by $n$ ...
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Epstein zeta function for non-fundamental discriminant to L-series
Let $Q(x,y) = ax^2+b xy + cy^2$ be a primitive integral positive-definite quadratic form, with associated number field $K$. If $D=b^2-4ac$ is a fundamental discriminant, then it's well-known that $$\...
- 528
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Generators of the automorphism group of a quadratic form
Suppose that $q$ is an integral quadratic form, not necessarily unimodular or even non-degenerate, and write $O_q(\mathbb{Z})$ for its automorphism group. According to this question this group is ...
- 19.4k
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Binary quadratic forms order four in the form class group not having desired coefficients
I have been looking at binary quadratic forms for a question on MSE, If a binary quadratic form primitively represents $n$
and $n^3$, must it be the identity form?, about forms representing a prime (...
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Linearly independent quadratic forms vanishing on a finite set of points
The question I am interested in can be summed up as follows: given positive integers $n,m,k$, how do we write down $m$ linearly independent quadratic forms $Q_1, \cdots, Q_m \in \mathbb{C}[x_0, \cdots,...
- 26.9k
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Sums of two integer squares in arithmetic progressions
Is there an explicit formula in the literature for the number of representations of a positive integer $n$ as a sum of two integer squares, the second of which is divisible by $5$? So this means to ...
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Can we write each positive integer as $x^2+y^2+\varphi(z^2)$?
As odd squares are congruent to $1$ modulo $8$, any integer of the form $4^k(8m+7)$ with $k,m\in\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$ cannot be written as the sum of three squares.
To avoid such congruence ...
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Is every integer $n>1$ the sum of two triangular numbers and two powers of $5$?
Recall that the triangular numbers are those integers
$$T_n=n(n+1)/2\ \ \ (n=0,1,2,\ldots).$$
In 1796 Gauss proved that each $n\in\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$ is the sum of three triangular numbers, ...
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Selmer Group of number fields and Ideal lattices
Let $K$ be a totally real number field of degree $n$ and dicriminant $d$, in this article of F.Lemmermeyer the selmer group of $K$ is defined as
$$\text{Sel}(K):=\{\alpha \in K^{\times}: (\alpha)=...
user115191
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primes represented by indefinite quadratic forms
Let $Q$ be an indefinite binary quadratic form with discriminant $D$ and one class per genus (keep the example $x^2 - 2y^2$ in mind). If one asks about the set $P = \{ p : p \text{ prime and } p = Q(...
- 4,636
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Algorithm for solutions to quadratic forms over number fields
Are there any know (preferably implemented) algorithms to find solutions to quadratic forms over number fields (or global fields)?
I am especially interested in the quaternary case. There exist some ...
- 101
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Literature on Exponential of a Quadratic Form
Let $A_i$, $i=1,\dots,L$ be given $N\times N$ positive definite real matrices. I have this sum of exponentials
\begin{align}
f(\mathbf{x})=\sum_{i=1}^{L}\operatorname{exp}(-{\mathbf{x}^T\mathbf{A}_i\...
- 1,421
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Effect of Covering Radius on Shortest Vector
For "even" integral lattices in dimension at least 4, does a covering radius strictly less than $\sqrt 2$ imply that there is a vector of norm 2, also called a root?
Note that this is simply false in ...
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how to prove an equation involving sums of Kronecker symbol
Let $p\equiv 8 \mod 9$ be a prime, I find the following equation:
$$2\sum_{\substack{0<x<p\\ 2|x}}\sum_{r|p^2-x^2}\left(\frac{-3}{r}\right)=p+1.$$
where $\left(\frac{-3}{r}\right)$ is the ...
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Fields in which $ -1 $ can't be written as sum of two square elements
We say a field $F$ has the property $*$ if the equation $x^2 + y^2=-1$ has no solution in $F$. For an example if $F$ is a subfield of real numbers then $F$ satisfies $*$. On the other hand if $ F $ is ...
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Numbers represented by inhomogeneous forms
I have a family of Diophantine equations that I am trying to solve, and I am trying to figure out what methods could be used to prove existence of solutions. Unfortunately, the equations are ...
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