Questions tagged [pseudo-differential-operators]

This tag is for questions regarding to the Pseudo-differential operator, acting on a space of functions on a differentiable manifold, that can locally be described by definite rules using a certain function. It satisfies estimates for the derivatives analogous to the estimates for derivatives of polynomials, which are symbols of differential operators.

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4 votes
1 answer
206 views

Conormal distributions and the wave front set

Let $X$ be a smooth closed manifold and $Y$ a regular submanifold. For all conormal distributions at $Y$ on $X$, their wave front set is contained in the conormal bundle of $Y$. Is the reciprocal true?...
3 votes
1 answer
99 views

Fréchet-valued symbols

Denote by $S^m \left ( \mathbb{R}^k \times \mathbb{R}^n \right)$ the usual space of symbols. Now let $E$ be a Fréchet Space. We can then define $S^m \left ( \mathbb{R}^k \times \mathbb{R}^n; E \right)$...
1 vote
0 answers
48 views

About Fourier integral operators

Consider the operator $$(A_\Delta\psi)(p) = \int_\Delta \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} e^{ix\cdot(p-k) + i\phi(x,p,k)} a(x,p,k) \psi(k) dk\: dx$$ where $\Delta$ is a Borel or Lebegue set in $\mathbb{R}^n$, in ...
3 votes
0 answers
73 views

Dirichlet-to-Neumann map is analytic

Let $M^n$, $n \geq 2$, be a compact smooth manifold with boundary and let $I \ni t \mapsto g_t$ be an analytic (with respect to t) $1$-parameter family of Riemannian metrics on $M$. For each $t \in I$,...
10 votes
1 answer
1k views

Research topics in microlocal analysis

Before asking this question here I did some research on web but I would like to get the opinion of those directly interested if there are any , (as I did in this thread Research topics in distribution ...
0 votes
1 answer
98 views

$L^p$ boundedness for pseudo-differential operators

Let $\rho, \delta, m$ be real parameters such that $0\le \delta\le \rho\le 1, \delta<1$. The set $S^m_{\rho, \delta}(\mathbb R^{2n})$ is defined as the set of smooth functions $a$ on $\mathbb R^n\...
3 votes
1 answer
145 views

Symbol estimates using metric on the phase space

Consider the symbols introduced by Beals and Fefferman in which the symbol estimates are of the form: \begin{equation}\tag{1} \label{eq1} |\partial_x^\beta\partial_\xi^\alpha a(x,\xi)| \leq C_{\...
2 votes
1 answer
174 views

Leibniz rule for square root of Laplacian

Let $(M,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold (e.g. $M=S^3$ the 3-sphere) and let $\Delta$ be the metric Laplacian on $M$. Then $\Delta$ has an $L^2(M)$ basis of eigenfunctions $\pi_m$, $$ \Delta \pi_m ...
1 vote
1 answer
206 views

Differential operators in $\Bbb R^n$

Put $P_j=\frac{\partial}{\partial \xi_j}$ et $Q_j=2 i \xi_j$ with$\xi=\left(\xi_1, \ldots, \xi_n\right)$ et $x=\left(x_1, \ldots, x_n\right)$. How to prove : $\exp \left(\sum_{j=1}^n x_j P_j\right)(...
1 vote
1 answer
152 views

Closed form of a Fourier transform

I apologize for not being able to motivate the question below; it would go into technicalities. Let $n=d+1\ge2$ be the space-time dimension, and $$H(y,t):=\left(\frac{t^2}{(t^2+|y|^2)^{1+d/2}}\right)^{...
1 vote
1 answer
172 views

Pseudo-differential operators and differential operator

I am totally new to pseudo-differential operators and I’m wondering if a differential operator is a pseudo-differential operator. So, I want to show , using the definition of the symbol given by ...
1 vote
0 answers
93 views

Oscillatory integrals and regularity

Let $U\subset\mathbb{R}^{d}$ be open and $N\in\mathbb{N}$. Furthermore, let $a\in\mathcal{S}^{m}_{\rho,\sigma}(U\times\mathbb{R}^{N})$ be a symbol and $\Phi\in C^{\infty}(U\times (\mathbb{R}^{N}\...
9 votes
3 answers
1k views

Functions of pseudodifferential operators

Suppose I have a self-adjoint pseudo-differential operator $A$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and a continuous function $f$ (possibly bounded, or Schwartz, or compactly supported) on its spectrum. Then I can ...
0 votes
1 answer
123 views

Differential form of the multidimensional "orthogonal dilation" operator

For a one-dimensional $f(x)$, the dilation operator $f(ax)$ can be expressed as $\exp(g(D))f(x)$, where $g$ is a closed-form function. This is easily checked by e.g. formal Taylor series expansion. ...
5 votes
1 answer
275 views

Real-analytic analogue of Schwartz functions

Consider the space $\mathcal{S}'$ of functions $\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb C$ that are (real-)analytic and with exponential decay at infinity. This is an analogue of Schwartz space, but real-analytic ...
7 votes
0 answers
70 views

Given composition rules, determining whether a continuous map between smooth functions is a pseudodifferential operator

Let $M$ be a closed manifold, and let $P:C^{\infty}(M)\rightarrow C^{\infty}(M)$ be a continuous linear map in the smooth Fréchet topologies. In what is to come, if it helps, one can assume further ...
2 votes
1 answer
292 views

Is it possible to define pseudodifferential operator $p(x,T)$ using Cauchy integral formula?

I was wondering how I can define a pseudodifferential operator using Cauchy integral formula. Consider a differential operator $p(T)$ ($p$ is a polynomial for instance). $p(T)$ can be defined as: $$\...
2 votes
1 answer
298 views

Bounded operator on $L^2(\Bbb R^2)$

Let $\lambda\in \{z\in\Bbb C\mid \text{Re}(z)>0\quad \text{and}\quad \text{Im}(z)>0 \}$. Consider the operator $T_\lambda: L^2(\Bbb C)\to L^2(\Bbb C)$: $$ f\mapsto T_\lambda(f)(z)=\int_{\Bbb C}f(...
2 votes
0 answers
102 views

Evaluate action of $f(\frac{d}{dx})$ using the Fourier/Laplace transform

Consider a function $f(x)$ that is numerically defined in $-1 \leq x \leq 1$ interval (assume $N$ samples). I am trying to compute the action of $f(d/dx)$ on a function $g(x)$ using the Fourier ...
1 vote
0 answers
93 views

Kernel representation of a power of (pseudo-)differential operator

Let $\mathcal{T}$ be a (pseudo-)differential operator that admits the following kernel representation: \begin{equation} \mathcal{T}f(x) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} K(x,t)f(t)dt. \end{equation} What can ...
2 votes
0 answers
63 views

Is there an easy explanation for the notion of Calderon projectors?

I recently stumbled upon the notion of Calderon projectors, which are standard tools for elliptic boundary value problems. However, when searching on the internet I could not really find any useful ...
-1 votes
1 answer
84 views

Is integration by parts allowed for the $J^s$ derivative, where $s \in \mathbb R$

I am having the following integral: $$I = \int u\, J^s(\partial_x \overline{u})- \overline{u}\, J^s(\partial_x u))dxdy$$ where $J^S= (I-\Delta)^\frac{2}{2}$, $\mathbb{R} \ni s \geq 1$ and $u=u(x,y)$, $...
58 votes
9 answers
9k views

Motivation for and history of pseudo-differential operators

Suppose you start from partial differential equations and functional analysis (on $\mathbb R^n$ and on real manifolds). Which prominent example problems lead you to work with pseudo-differential ...
3 votes
1 answer
130 views

Positivity of an operator on a compact subset of a manifold

Let $E$ and $F$ be two vector bundles over manifold $X$. Let $P:\Gamma(E)\to \Gamma(F)$ be a self-adjoint differential operator over $X$. Define inner product on the spaces $\Gamma(E)$ of smooth ...
1 vote
1 answer
185 views

Metric / strong slope restriction of function on unit ball in $\mathbb R^m$

Diclaimer. I'm not sure this is the right venue for this question, but I'll give it a try Definition [Strong / metric slope]. Given a complete metric space $(M,d)$ and a function $f:M \to (-\infty,+\...
3 votes
1 answer
422 views

Barry Simon's decay of eigenfunctions for pseudo differential operators

In his celebrated paper on Schrödinger semigroups, Barry Simon proves the following result. Let $V_{-} \in K_\nu$, $V_{+} \in K_\nu^{\mathrm{loc}}$ and suppose that $Hu=Eu$ where $E$ is the ...
3 votes
0 answers
122 views

Reasons behind different conventions for symbol of operator

I've come across two slightly different conventions for the symbol of a differential operator $D$ (let's say on $\mathbb{R}^n$) and haven't thought much about the motivation behind them until now. The ...
3 votes
2 answers
312 views

Reference for commutator estimate

I'm interested in Sobolev space estimates for commutators involving a pseudodifferential operator and a Fourier multiplier. More specifically, suppose $p = p(x,\xi) \in S_{1,0}^{m_1}$ and let $q = q(\...
3 votes
0 answers
275 views

Does convolution by a Schwartz function preserve symbol classes?

I am working on a problem involving pseudodifferential operators, and I need a property of the operator "convolution by a Schwartz function". I apologize in advance if the question is ...
5 votes
1 answer
2k views

Does the 'reproducing kernel formula' for a bounded open set $U$ define an equivalent norm on the Sobolev space $H^1_0(U)$

We refer to the 'reproducing convolution formula with a kernel' for an open bounded domain $U$ of $R^n$, $n \geq 2$ discussed in the paper of G. Talenti (Annali de Matematica, Dec 1976) on Best ...
2 votes
0 answers
65 views

Asking a reference for a fact about nonlocal operators

Let assume that $u$ is smooth enough and $ -\Delta (u \phi) \in L^1(\Omega)$ for any $\phi \in C_c^{\infty}(\Omega)$. Then it easily follows that $ -\Delta u \in L^1_{\mathrm{loc}}(\Omega)$ by ...
29 votes
6 answers
9k views

Square roots of the Laplace operator

In several places in the literature (e.g. this paper of Caffarelli and Silvestre), I've seen an integral formula for fractional Laplacians. I'd like to understand it. In this question, I'll stick to ...
0 votes
0 answers
242 views

Holder continuity relative to Rellic-Kondrachov compactness via the nonlinear Aronsson operator

Connected to the question, Does Morrey's inequality contextually relate to Rellic-Kondrachov compactness? An analysis of the well-known nonlinear Aronsson operator gives $C^{(1, \frac{1}{3})}$ ...
1 vote
0 answers
300 views

Does Morrey's inequality contextually relate to Rellic-Kondrachov compactness?

I have been reflecting on this question, and want to share my thinking thus far. I'd be grateful for the community's inputs. We refer to Morrey's inequality, Theorem 4 on pp 266 of Evan's book on PDE, ...
4 votes
0 answers
266 views

Sobolev spaces and spectral theorem

Consider a generalised harmonic oscillator of the form $$ A(x,D_x) = \langle x \rangle (1-\Delta_x)\langle x \rangle, \quad x \in \mathbb{R}^n, $$ where $\langle x \rangle = (1+|x|^2)^{1/2}.$ The ...
12 votes
1 answer
466 views

Does hypoellipticity imply the existence of a parametrix?

Let $M$ be a smooth manifold, like $\mathbb{R}^n$ for instance. The existence of a parametrix for an operator $P$ on $C^\infty(M)$ in any reasonable pseudodifferential calculus implies that $P$ is ...
1 vote
1 answer
131 views

Extension of pseudodifferential operators to Sobolev spaces

Let $\Omega$ be a open subset of $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ and define \begin{eqnarray*} \mathcal{S}^m(\Omega ) &=&\left\{ \begin{array}{c} a\in C^\infty(\Omega \times \mathbb{R}^{d}): \hbox{for all ...
5 votes
1 answer
288 views

$L^p$-estimates for elliptic pseudodifferential operators

Assume we have an pseudodifferential operator $P:\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^n) \rightarrow \mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^n), Pf(x) = (2\pi)^{-n/2}\int\mathrm{d}\xi\; p(x,\xi)\,\hat{f}(\xi)e^{i\xi x}$ acting on ...
5 votes
1 answer
343 views

Is this a pseudodifferential operator?

Let $M$ be a non-compact manifold and $D$ a first-order self-adjoint elliptic differential operator on $M$. Then is the bounded operator $$A:=\sqrt{(D^2+1)^{-1}}:L^2(M)\rightarrow H^1(M)$$ a ...
2 votes
0 answers
226 views

Proof of Taylor's Schwartz kernel estimate of pseudodifferential operators

I am interested in the proof of the following result which gives an estimate on the Schwartz Kernel of a $\Psi$DO. There is one aspect the proof that is not clear to me which I would like to ask the ...
1 vote
0 answers
54 views

Regularity and existence linear parabolic fractional equation

\begin{equation} \begin{cases} a(x, t)u_t+(-\Delta)^{\sigma}u+b(x,t)u=f(x,t), & \text{in } \mathbb{R}^n \times [0, T) \\ u(x,0)=u_0(x), & \text{in } \mathbb{R}^n \end{cases} \end{...
3 votes
0 answers
84 views

Semiclassical analysis and reflection law

I was curious about the following vague question. In pseudodifferential calculus and semi-classical analysis there are various theorems that relate geodesics of the underlying space to the behavior of ...
1 vote
0 answers
72 views

Well-posedness for a wave equation with degenerate coefficients

Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain with smooth boundary and consider the following initial boundary value problem: \begin{equation}\label{pf0} \begin{aligned} \begin{cases} t\partial_t(t\partial_t u)-\...
4 votes
3 answers
608 views

Question about the regularity of fractional Heat equation

Let $\Omega$ be a bounded smooth domain of $\mathbb{R}^n$, $0<s<1$ and $(-\Delta)^s$ denotes the restricted fractional Laplacian. Let consider the following fractional Heat equation: ‎$‎‎$‎ ‎\...
4 votes
0 answers
157 views

Pseudodifferential Operators and Functional Calculus

I hope this is not too naive a question for MO. I've been taking a mathematical physics course, and was shown how operators like $\sqrt{1-\Delta}$ could be defined by taking multiplication operators ...
1 vote
0 answers
266 views

History of microlocal analysis

Was the study of pseudo-differential operators the basis for the birth of microlocal analysis? I'm trying to find out how this branch of analysis was developed...
1 vote
1 answer
793 views

Kernel of the composition of operators

Let $X \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}$, $Y \subset \mathbb{R}^{m}$, and $Z \subset \mathbb{R}^{p}$ be open subsets, and let $K_P \in C_0^\infty(X \times Y)$ and $K_Q \in C_0^{\infty}(Y \times Z)$. Then, $K_P$ ...
1 vote
1 answer
137 views

Fourier transform for $H^2(\mathbb{R}^N)$, $N\geq 5$

How i can prove that if $u\in H^2(\mathbb{R}^N)$ then $u\in \mathcal{F}(L^{p^*}(\mathbb{R}^N))$, where $1/p+1/{p^*}=1,$ $2\leq p<2N/(N-4)$?
1 vote
1 answer
174 views

Reference for singular integral operators such as $(-\Delta)^{-1}$ or $\nabla(-\Delta)^{-1}$

I'm currently working on understanding certain mean-field limits in kinetic theory, and the equations I'm working with are usually of the form $$\partial_t f +v\cdot\nabla_x f \pm c\nabla(-\Delta)^{-1}...
2 votes
0 answers
148 views

Principal symbol of a non-local operator and Atiyah–Singer index formula

I am trying to understand the Atiyah–Singer index formula for pseudo-differential operators. As far as I understood, the Fredholm index of the operator $A$ on a manifold can be computed just from the ...