Questions tagged [plane-geometry]
Plane Geometry is about flat shapes like lines, circles and triangles , shapes that can be drawn on a piece of paper
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Pseudo-Droz-Farny circles
I would like to present a construction of 2 circles. These 2 circles are somewhat similar in appearance to the well known Droz-Farny circles that can be drawn for every isogonal conjugate pairs of ...
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A center of convex planar regions based on chords
This is based on Chapter 6 of 'Convex figures' by Yaglom and Boltyanskii. This post also continues On two centers of convex regions.
A point $P$ in the interior of a planar convex region $C$ divides ...
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A generic question on circles associated with a triangle
This question is inspired by two posed by P.Terzić (both given elegant synthetic proofs by F. Petrov). The starting point is a triangle $ABC$ and a triangle centre $G_1$. There are two classical ...
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Length of isoline $x(1-x)y(1-y)=c$
For the integral appearing in this answer, it may be beneficial to derive the length $L(c)$ of the isoline:
$$x(1-x)y(1-y) = c,$$
where $x,y$ are ranging in $[0,1]$, and constant $c\in [0,\frac1{16}]$....
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How can construct the equilateral $A''B''C''$ such that area of $A''B''C''$ is biggest
Let $ABC$ be arbitrary triangle in a plane. Let $A'B'C'$ and $A''B''C''$ be two equilateral triangles such that $A \in B'C'$, $B \in C'A'$, $C \in A'B'$ and $A \in B''C''$, $B \in C''A''$, $C \in A''B'...
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On comparing planar convex regions of equal perimeter and area
Definitions:
The Hausdorff distance between two point sets is the greatest of all the distances from a point in one set to the closest point in the other set.
Given two planar convex regions $C_1$ ...
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Complexity of tour-expansion heuristic for the planar Euclidean TSP
This is a followup question to this one: Computational Geometric Aspects of Greedy Tour Expansion.
Assume that the candidate point, whose insertion into current incurs the least tour-length increase, ...
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Geometric interpretation of metric [closed]
For metric in $\mathbb R^2$ (polar coordinates) Pythagorean triangle elements can be visualized in a differential form as seen at top yellow triangle. This happens for metric:
$$ ds^2= dr^2 +(r d \...
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Trapping lightrays under nonstandard reflections and/or paths
Almost every version of trapping lightrays with mirrors is either resolved---usually negatively---or open:
"It is unknown whether one can construct a polygonal trap for a parallel beam of light": ...
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On non-convex polygons that tile convex polygons
Polyominoes are rectilinear polygons - all angles are 90 or 270 degrees. It is well-known that among non-convex polyominoes are several whose copies can neatly tile rectangle. And for several such '...
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Some Problems On Apollonian Gasket
Since 2013, I found Some problems on Apollonian Gasket as following. These problem also is higher level of Eppstein Point. I am looking for a proof of one of these problems:
Let three $(A)$, $(B)$, $(...
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Comparing Different Notions of Unicoherence in the Plane
Unicoherence is a generalization of simple connectedness that has been useful in topology in one and two dimensions. It is also a fundamental concept in shape theory, and thus has relations to Cech ...
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Patterns in local winding number sequences
This is something of a followup to an earlier question
Can any sequence of consecutive integers be realized as winding numbers?, whose answer is Yes.
Now I would like to define a local winding number ...
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When do quasiperiodic functions on $\mathbb{R}^2$ have an average over the plane?
For example, consider the following
\begin{equation}
\lim_{T\rightarrow\infty}\frac{1}{(2T)^2}\int^T_{-T}\int^T_{-T}\big[\cos(v/a)-\cos(u/b)\big]\cos(\sqrt{u^2+v^2})\ du\ dv,
\end{equation}
where $...
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Determine sub-polygon from line segments with known member connectivity
Test Polygon:
Consider the following polygon as attached. Let the known parameter be as follows:
•Member to member connectivity, i.e. it is known that A – B, X – E, F – B, etc. for all the members.
•...
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Generalization of Ellipse via Fixed Sum of 3 Distances to "Foci"
It is a well known fact, that ellipses can be defined as $$\{x\in\mathbb{R}^2\ \ |\ \ \|x-A\|+\|x-B\|-\|B-A\|=e\in\mathbb{R}_0^+;\ A,B\in\mathbb{R}^2\}$$
Question:
has the generalization
$$\{x\...
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Intersection points of closed curves inscribed in a convex polygon
Suppose that I have two distinct simple closed curves, $C_1$ & $C_2$, and each is inscribed in a convex polygon, D. By inscribed, I mean tangent to each side of D. In particular, I am most ...
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Non-Convex Polygons with "Antipodal Visibility"
by "antipodal visibility" of planar, simple polygons I mean the following property:
if two points $p$ and $q$ on the polygon's boundary divide the polygon's boundary into two polylines of equal length,...
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Which plane convex arcs have the smallest maximum curvature?
Let $p$ and $q$ be positive real numbers with $p \leq q$. Suppose that $H(p,q)$ is the class of all convex arcs $c$ in the Cartesian $x-y$ plane which satisfy the following conditions:
(1)The $y$-...
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Planar curves identical to their inverses
Is the right strophoid
the only planar curve $C$ whose inverse curve w.r.t. some circle (in this case: centered on the origin)
is identical to $C$?
&...
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Hyperbolic version of Sylvester co-linear problem
Is the hyperbolic version of Sylvester co linear problem true?
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Does anyone know of an academic reference for this proof that the tangent to a hyperbola at a point bisects the angle between each focus to the point?
I am writing a report and as part of it I need to prove the property that for a point $P$ on a hyperbola, the tangent to the hyperbola at $P$ bisects the angle $\angle F_1PF_2$ where $F_1$ and $F_2$ ...
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Calculating radii allowing for circular placement of polygonal linkage's joints
Given a planar polygonal linkage defined by a sequence of $n$ hinge joints $(j_0,\,\cdots,\,j_{n-1},j_n = j_0)$ with links of fixed lengths $\lbrace\|j_{k+1}-j_k\|=d_k\ |\ 0\le k\lt n\rbrace$ between ...
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Determine the boundary points of a set of points [closed]
I have a set of points $S=\{(x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2),\ldots,(x_n,y_n)\}$. Then how to find the boundary points (which is a subset of $S$) of $S$?
There are methods like convex hull, concave hull and $\...
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Finding the minimum-area parallelogram containing all vertices of a cuboid projected to a plane
Description edited after comments:
Let's say I have a 3d cuboid that I projected onto a 2d plane. Now I want to find the minimum-area parallelogram that contains all those projected vertices. How do ...
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Algebraic planar curve with precisely $n$ closed components? [closed]
For each integer $n$ I am looking for a real-valued polynomial in two variables, $A_n(x,y)$, such that $A_n(x,y) = 0$ defines a curve with precisely $n$ closed components in the plane $\mathbb{R}^2$. ...
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Why does the area function of a parallelogram have a nonintuitive geometric solution?
I was reading a blog post on a simple derivation of the cross product. I learned how to determine the area of a parallelogram enclosed by two vectors $A$ and $B$.
First, here is the proof of the ...
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Radical line of two ellipses
The equation of an ellipse with focal points $(a_1,b_1)$ and $(a_2,b_2)$ which passes through the point $(a_3,b_3)$ is given by the equation
$$\begin{gathered}
\sqrt{ (x-a_1)^2+(y-b_1)^2 } + \sqrt{ (x-...
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On 'special' points on uniform planar convex regions defined in terms of moment of inertia
The following can be easily proved using perpendicular axes theorem and intermediate value theorem:
Lemma: Given any uniform planar convex region $C$ and any point on it, $P$, there will be at least ...
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Extending functional inequality from rectangles to parallelograms
Let $f$ be a function defined on the unit square $R = [0,1]^2 \subseteq \mathbf{R}^2$ satisfying
$f \geq 0$, $f(0,0) = 0$,
$\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{x}} \geq 0$, $\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{y}} \...
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Fast way to generate random points in 2D according to a density function
I'm looking for a fast way to generate random points in 2D according to a given 2D density function.
For instance something like this:
Right now I'm using a modified version of "Poisson disc&...
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Expected area of a pentagon formed from a randomly broken stick [closed]
Suppose we break a stick of length one at four randomly and independently chosen points and that the resulting pieces form a pentagon.
Such a pentagon can be formed with probability $1-(5/16) = {11\...
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Lattice points in the boundary of a Minkowski sum of two convex lattice polygons
Let $P$ and $Q$ be two convex lattice polygons in $\mathbb{R}_+^2$ and let $P+Q$ be their Minkowski sum. Given a set $S \subset \mathbb{R}^2$, we let $L(S) =\#( S \bigcap \mathbb{Z}^2)$.
The equality $...
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Coordinates of the centers of the insphere and circumsphere
Suppose we are working in $\mathbb{R}^3$ space and we have four non-coplanar and non-collinear points, $(x_a, y_a, z_a)$, $(x_b, y_b, z_b)$, $(x_c,y_c, z_c)$, and $(x_d, y_d, z_d)$. How does one ...
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Divide angles by coefficients relate to Fibonacci sequence
In the left Figure, consider a right triangle $OPA$ with $\angle {AOP} = 90^\circ$. Let $\ell$ be the reflection of $PO$ in $PA$ and $\ell$ meets $OA$ at $A_1$. Let $O_1$ be the center of the circle $(...
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Air-transmissive mirror (illumination problem for a wall)
I propose an alternative version to the illumination problem (where the mirrored walls surrounding a room prevent light from reaching some region).
Here, our building area is an infinite straight band ...
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In how many ways is it possible to order the sides and diagonals according to their length for all n-gons?
If we'd do it for example for 4-gons, for quadrilaterals, we could start with all the possible quadrilaterals.
We could say that the four vertices are a,b,c and d.
And then we'd have 6 lines, I mean,
...
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A surprising result with the Riccati difference equation
I was looking at the Riccati difference equation with positive and negative indices
$$
R_n=\frac{aR_{n-1}+b}{cR_{n-1}+d}\quad n\in[0,N]\\
R_n=\frac{-dR_{n+1}+b}{cR_{n+1}-a}\quad n\in[-N,0]\\
$$
along ...
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Concurrencies determined by intersections of angle trisectors (and isogonal lines) in a triangle
The famous Morley’s theorem, states that in a triangle the interior angle trisectors, proximal to sides respectively, meet at the vertices of an equilateral. However the six trisectors meet at 12 ...
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On 'axiality' of planar convex regions
Axiality has been studied under a definition given here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiality_(geometry)
Consider an alternative definition of axiality as follows: For a convex region C, consider a ...
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Vertex configuration to tile repeat unit
I am working with elongated triangular tiling which has a vertex configuration of 3.3.3.4.4 and noticed that the representative symmetry is not the repeat unit. Is there a general formula to convert ...
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How to find a point on a line that minimizes sum of distances from three given points?
Let there be given three points $x_1, x_2, x_3$ and a line $l$ on a plane. Does there exist an explicit method of finding such a point $p$ on $l$, that sum of distances of $p$ from $x_1, x_2, x_3$ is ...
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What is the locus defined by those equations?
I would like to know what is the locus of $x \in \Bbb R_+^n$ ($n=2$ would already be fine) defined by
$\sum a_i \cdot x_i$ s.t. $a_i+\epsilon \geq 0$, $\epsilon \in \Bbb R$.
I know that if $\...
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Infinity new equilateral triangles in one configuration of triangle plane
An equilateral triangle constructed from a reference triangle is a topic which is intersested by plane geometry lovers. See Napoleon equilateral triangle, Morley equilateral triangle....In this topic ...
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What is the minimal number of lines needed to partition a simplex into cells of diameter at most $\epsilon$?
I am studying a problem that requires me to partition the simplex into cells using a particular family of hyperplanes. For concreteness, consider the 2-simplex. I would like to construct lines ...
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Are finite projective planes isomorphic to PG(2,q), where q=p^k with p a prime?
I can't find any reference to the following question:
Are finite projective planes isomorphic to $PG(2,q)$, where $q=p^k$ with $p$ a prime?
I think it's meaningless to continue studying without ...
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Locus of points for which the sum of the angles subtended there by two different line segments is a constant
Given a line segment AB, the locus of points P such that the angle APB has a constant value is a 'biconvex lens' formed by 2 circular arcs that passes through the points A and B. Special case: if APB ...
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Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma preserves angles
Edit (April 1, 2020):
I formalized the original question (from the reference below) wrong. Please see @AndreasBlass correction.
Also, all the suggestions proposed so far doesn't seems to be related ...
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Is the conjecture true for n-sphere $(n>2)$? [closed]
This is higher dimension conjecture of Problem 3845 in Crux Mathematicorum and Theorem 2 in here:
PS: This figure is very nice, this is also generalization of Brianchon’s theorem, The Pascal theorem, ...
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Hexagon Formed by connecting Trisections of triangle sides [closed]
Is there a theorem for the area of the hexagon formed by connecting the points formed when the sides of a triangle are trisected? It appears that the ratio of the area of the triangle to the area of ...
