Questions tagged [perturbation-theory]

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19 votes
1 answer
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Why should I look at the resolvent formalism and think it is a useful tool for spectral theory?

Wikipedia calls resolvent formalism a useful tool for relating complex analysis to studying the spectra of a linear operator on a Banach space. Sure, I believe you because I've seen results that use ...
William Bell's user avatar
18 votes
2 answers
4k views

Minimum off-diagonal elements of a matrix with fixed eigenvalues

I am an engineer working in radar research. I came accross a problem on which I cannot seem to find literature. I can ask it in two different ways. Perhaps depending on the reader, the alternative ...
mermeladeK's user avatar
13 votes
3 answers
3k views

Differentiability of Eigenvalues - Perturbation Theory

first, I have a general question. In perturbation theory, I saw perturbations in eigenvalues and eigenvectors of square, non-symmetric matrices and the calculations were all right but no one ever ...
xmonetx's user avatar
  • 138
12 votes
2 answers
968 views

A toy model in 0-d QFT

Questions For any positive integer $r$, compute $$(\frac{d}{dY})^r e^{(Y^2)}| _{Y=0}.$$ The answer should directly relates to a counting problem about Feynman diagrams. Is there a tutorial for how ...
Student's user avatar
  • 5,008
12 votes
2 answers
1k views

Eigenvalue perturbation theory via Feynman diagrams

Suppose I have a matrix given by a sum $$A=D+\epsilon B$$ where $D$ is diagonal and $\epsilon$ is small, and I want the eigenvalues of $A$ as a power series in $\epsilon$. The first two orders in ...
thedude's user avatar
  • 1,417
11 votes
0 answers
243 views

Is my matrix perturbation analysis legitimate?

I am not a matrix theorist, or numerical linear algebra expert, but I have a problem and my proposed solution leads me to a question that I cannot answer. I can give more details, but the gist is ...
Gordon Royle's user avatar
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10 votes
1 answer
1k views

How to eliminate secular terms for perturbed non-oscillatory equations?

Even in a linear second order equation like $x''+x'+\epsilon x=0$ the standard asymptotic expansion has a secular term already in the first order of $\epsilon$, namely $$x(t)=a_0+b_0e^{-t}+\epsilon(...
Conifold's user avatar
  • 1,599
9 votes
2 answers
874 views

Can we perturb a map $\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^n$ to have high rank?

Let $\mathbb{D}^n$ be the closed $n$-dimensional unit ball, and let $f:\mathbb{D}^n \to \mathbb{R}^n$ be smooth. Suppose that $df$ is invertible outside a set of Hausdorff dimension $\le n-1$, and ...
Asaf Shachar's user avatar
  • 6,611
9 votes
0 answers
474 views

Rigorous results on the method of multiple scales

The method of multiple scales (Scholarpedia) is a technique used to obtain approximate solutions to differential equations, most commonly when some of the more standard approaches to perturbation ...
user142's user avatar
  • 1,173
7 votes
2 answers
231 views

Finding $\theta$ such that at least one eigenvalue of $A(\theta)$ is real

Is there a known method to find a set of $\theta$ such that at least one eigenvalue of $A(\theta)$ is purely real? Assume $A(\theta)$ is a real square matrix whose elements are linear functions of a ...
CWC's user avatar
  • 359
7 votes
1 answer
150 views

Is there an infinite combinatorics of common transseries expansions?

By now there is a rich understanding of generating functions in combinatorics, and the way that operations in power series are 'shadows' of richer constructions on combinatorial objects. This lifting ...
Robert Mastragostino's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
483 views

Understanding Gillman's proof of the Chernoff bound for expander graphs

My question is about the proof of Claim 1 in this paper: Gillman (1993). At the end of the proof, the author says: The matrix product $U^\top\sqrt{D^{-1}}(P+(\mathrm{e}^x-1)B(0)-\mu I)\sqrt{D}U$, ...
Ella Sharakanski's user avatar
6 votes
3 answers
698 views

How do I solve the following definite integral (preferably by an asymptotic method)?

$$ \int_{1}^{\infty} \frac{\sin^2 (\mu \sqrt{x^2 -1})}{(x+1)^{\frac{9}{2}} (x-1)^{\frac{3}{2}}} \,dx $$ Note: $\mu$ here is an extremely small constant. I have tried: Estimating the integral by ...
Abdullah's user avatar
6 votes
2 answers
405 views

Can a perturbation of a matrix product always be represented as product of perturbations of its factor matrices?

Given $A=BC$ where $A\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ and for some $B\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times k}, C\in\mathbb{R}^{k\times n}$. We assume that $k>=\min(m,n)$ so that this decomposition always exists for any ...
jayki's user avatar
  • 135
6 votes
2 answers
264 views

Gap-opening perturbations of the periodic Schrödinger operator

I am trying to understand this short paper and I am getting stuck right at the end. Let $V(x)$ be $C^\infty$ and 1-periodic (that is, $V(x)=V(x+1)$). We are considering the operator $$A=-\dfrac{d^2}...
Darren Ong's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
355 views

Separating the spectrum of a Hermitian matrix

Given Hermitian matrix $A$, I would like to perturbate it so that its eigenvalues become well-separated. Specifically, let $A$ be some Hermitian matrix, and let $G$ be a Gaussian matrix, with each ...
Lior Eldar's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
221 views

Poking into a Lie group with your finger

I consider this as a differential geometry problem. I have asked some of my classmates who are more interested in that, and also looked into some literature, but none of what I've found seems to help. ...
Student's user avatar
  • 5,008
6 votes
0 answers
297 views

Behavior of eigenspaces of adjacency matrices of random graphs (not via perturbation theory)

For the sake of discussion, let us say that we have the adjacency matrix $A$ of a graph, on $n$ nodes, from a stochastic block model with 2 blocks. Another name for this (usually used in computer ...
passerby51's user avatar
  • 1,639
5 votes
3 answers
758 views

Perturbation of a stochastic differential equation

Suppose we have the following two stochastic differential equations for $x_0$ and $x$ respectively \begin{align} dx_0 &= -k_0(t)(x_0-1)dt+\eta_0(t) x_0\,dB \tag1\\ dx &= -(k_0(t)+\epsilon ...
Hans's user avatar
  • 2,169
5 votes
1 answer
310 views

Analytic families of compact self-adjoint operators: eigenvalue extension

Suppose that $A(t), t \in \mathbb{R}$, is an analytic family of compact self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space. The Kato-Rellich theorem says that every non-zero eigenvalue of $A(t)$ splits into ...
Brian Lins's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
207 views

Can we perturb the Dirichlet boundary conditions to make harmonic maps locally invertible?

While analyzing a variational problem, I came to the following question: Let $\mathbb D^n \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ be the closed $n$-dimensional unit ball, and let $f: \mathbb D^n \to \mathbb{R}^n$ ...
Asaf Shachar's user avatar
  • 6,611
5 votes
0 answers
133 views

Series representation for unbounded perturbations of semigroup generators

Let $A$ generate an analytic $C_0$-semigroup on a Banach space $X$ and $B$ be a relatively compact perturbation, i.e., $B$ is compact as an operator from $D(A)$ (with the graph norm) to $X$. Then $A+B$...
Delio Mugnolo's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
119 views

Is Sun's spectral variation bound for normal matrices optimal?

In On the variation of the spectrum of a normal matrix, Sun proves the following result (Corollary 1.2): Let $A$ be an $n$-square normal matrix and $B$ an arbitrary $n$-square matrix. Then $$ \min_{\...
eepperly16's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
406 views

Behaviour of eigenspaces of adjacency matrices after a single change to the graph

Say I know the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an adjacency matrix of an unweighted graph. Can I say anything about the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an adjacency matrix of a graph with one extra ...
user91322's user avatar
4 votes
2 answers
1k views

Lower bounds for the singular values of submatrices of othogonal matrices

Let $A$ be an $m \times n$ matrix, $m\geq n$, and let $A=U\Sigma V^T$ be its singular value decomposition. Let us partition $A$ as $A=(A_1|A_2)$, where $A_1$ is of size $m \times k$, and all columns ...
cangrejo's user avatar
  • 161
4 votes
1 answer
103 views

Uniform decay of operator norm for smooth family of operators

Let $\mathscr{H}$ be a Hilbert space and let $\mathbb{R} \to B(\mathscr{H}), r \mapsto S_r$ be a continuous (or smooth) family of operators, where $B(\mathscr{H})$ is the space of bounded operators on ...
Constantin K's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
218 views

Asymptotics of integral representation of distribution

I initially posted this question at MSE (here), but I have gotten no response, so I figured I would ask it to this community. Background: I am studying the PDE $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,i\partial_t \...
Dispersion's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
161 views

Sensitivity of the range of a matrix

The distance between two subspaces $\mathcal{U}$ and $\widetilde{\mathcal{U}}$ is classically defined as $d(\mathcal{U},\tilde{\mathcal{U}}):=\|P-\tilde{P}\|$, where $P$ and $\tilde{P}$ are orthogonal ...
Federico Poloni's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
461 views

Is the kernel of a Fredholm operator stable under perturbation?

This is a follow-up of this question. In a nutshell: Does the kernel of a bounded operator change "nicely" with the operator? Let $(X,\| \cdot \|)$ be an infinite-dimensional normed vector space. ...
Asaf Shachar's user avatar
  • 6,611
4 votes
1 answer
356 views

Distribution of the spectrum of a perturbed matrix

Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ Hermitian matrix, with well-separated eigenvalues $\lambda_1 > \lambda_2 ... > \lambda_n$, with $|\lambda_i-\lambda_j|>\epsilon$, for all $i \neq j$. Let $G$ be a ...
Lior Eldar's user avatar
4 votes
0 answers
80 views

Perturbation of a rank-restricted product of matrices

I formulated a statement, which is hopefully true (at least I'm not knowledgeable enough to see a reason for it not to be). However, I'm struggling to come up with a proof. Let $W_i \in \mathbb{R}^{...
Serghei's user avatar
  • 41
3 votes
1 answer
321 views

Inverting (via Taylor expansion) a sum of (rank-deficient) skew-symmetric matrix and (rank-deficient) Diagonal matrix

I have the following problem: A matrix $C\in \mathbb{R}^{2N}$, where $C=\epsilon A+D$ $\epsilon A=(C-C')/2$ is skew symmetric with "block" anti-diagonal structure of size 4. $ D=(C+C')/2$ (Diagonal ...
mystupid_acct's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
252 views

Proof (or reference) about $\lambda_i(A+\epsilon e_je_j^*) = \lambda_i(A) + \epsilon |v_{i,j}|^2 + O(\epsilon^2).$

I'm looking for a proof (or a reference in a textbook) about the fact that $$ \lambda_i(A+\epsilon e_je_j^*) =_{\epsilon \to 0} \lambda_i(A) + \epsilon |v_{i,j}|^2 + O(\epsilon^2), $$ where $A$ is a ...
Michelle's user avatar
  • 161
3 votes
1 answer
95 views

Bounds on $\|(P+\Delta)^n - P^n\|_F$ for stochastic matrices

Let us suppose that $P$ is a stochastic matrix (non-negative matrix with $P \mathbf{1} = \mathbf{1}$). Let $\Delta$ such that $P + \Delta$ is a stochastic matrix (which means $P + \Delta$ is non-...
mfrt's user avatar
  • 113
3 votes
1 answer
614 views

Perturbed vs. unperturbed Hamiltonian system

Let's take a time-periodic Hamiltonian $H(t,x,y)$ on $\mathbb{R}^2$ and apply an arbitrarily small time-independent perturbation to $H$ via $$ \tilde H (t,x,y) = H(t,x,y) + \epsilon V(x,y), $$ where $...
eddard's user avatar
  • 81
3 votes
0 answers
238 views

Is there a generalisation of this perturbation result about rank-one modifications of diagonal matrices?

In Theorem 1 of [1] we have the following result: Let $D$ be a real $n \times n$ diagonal matrix and consider the rank-one modification $C = D + \rho z z^T$, where $\rho > 0$ is a real scalar and $...
nanananille's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
144 views

Seeking a precedent – two-stage Gaussian integration?

Sometimes, by iteration, linear algebra can be used to solve non-linear equations. For example, consider the system $$Ax=a \qquad B(x)y=b(x), $$ where $a$ is a vector with scalar entries, $A$ is a ...
Dror Bar-Natan's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
183 views

How to prove the following linearized operator is positive?

In $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$, let $Q$ be the solution to \begin{equation} -\Delta Q+\alpha^2 Q = |Q|^{2\sigma} Q, \end{equation} and $Q$ satisfies that it is positive, radial, and exponentially decaying (...
Tao's user avatar
  • 419
3 votes
0 answers
47 views

Questions on "The condition number of a randomly perturbed matrix"

This question is about the two vectors $w'$ and $y$ that are necessary for the argument in section $7$ (page 6) of this paper by Terence Tao and Van Vu, https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0703307 (that ...
gradstudent's user avatar
  • 2,136
3 votes
0 answers
182 views

Asymptotic stability of eigenvalues by compact perturbations

I need some references concerning the asymptotic stability of eigenvalues by compact perturbations. In [T. Kato, Perturbation theory for linear operators] there are some results concerning stability ...
Appliqué's user avatar
  • 1,269
3 votes
0 answers
379 views

Smooth perturbation of a positive self-adjoint operator with compact resolvent

Consider a one-parameter family $A_t$ of unbounded positive self-adjoint operators with discrete spectrum (for example, one can consider a one-parameter family of Laplacians on a compact Riemannian ...
user82891's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
530 views

Second-order perturbation expansion for singular value decomposition

Let $A = U\Sigma V^T$ be the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a $n\times m$ matrix $A$. Let $\tilde{A} = A + \epsilon P$ be a perburbation of $A$. It is possible, using tools from Matrix ...
R S's user avatar
  • 985
2 votes
1 answer
736 views

$C^1$ perturbation of diffeomorphism is diffeomorphism?

if $f \in $ diff($M$), where $M$ is manifold, if $C^1$ perturbation $f_{\epsilon} $ of $f$ s.t. $||f_{\epsilon}-f||_{C^1} < \epsilon $. Can we prove $f_{\epsilon} \in $ diff($M$) if $\epsilon$ is ...
jason's user avatar
  • 553
2 votes
3 answers
2k views

Analytic perturbation of the eigenvalues/eigenvectors of non-Hermitian matrix

Consider a matrix function $A(x)$, analytically depending on single parameter $x$. Consider the eigenvalue/eigenvector pair of $A(0)$, namely $\lambda(0)$ and $w(0)$. The question is whether we can ...
bcp's user avatar
  • 165
2 votes
2 answers
394 views

Perturbation of Linear Programs

Consider the linear program, $$\begin{array}{ll} \text{maximize} & c^T x\\ \text{subject to} & Ax \leq b\\ & x \geq 0\end{array}$$ I want to study the sensitivity of the optimal $x^*$ ...
rajatsen91's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
630 views

Perturbation theory of eigenvalues - Effects of degeneracy/ multiplicity

In Quantum mechanics Schrödinger's perturbation theory is very important (see Wikipedia) which deals with perturbation of the discrete spectrum of a self-adjoint operator. Where can I find a ...
Chandler's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
84 views

Bounding eigenvalue/eigenspace perturbations for hermitian matrices

Let $H$ be a Hermitian $n \times n$ matrix. Let $V$ be another such matrix. For real $t$, let us consider the one-parameter family $$ H(t) = H + t V$$ of Hermitian matrices. Kato's perturbation theory ...
Qualearn's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
1k views

Exact first order perturbation expansion of matrix determinant [closed]

Let $I$ be an $n\times n$ identity matrix, $B$ be an $n\times n$ matrix with all the elements tending to zero. If we can expression $det(I+B)= 1 + f(B) + o(f^2(B))$, as all the elements of $B$ go to ...
Bill J's user avatar
  • 65
2 votes
1 answer
250 views

A clarification regarding analytic perturbation of metrics and Laplacian

This question is in reference to the following Mathoverflow question and the accepted answer to it. It seems to me that it is taken for granted that if the metric $g_t$ perturbs real analytically in ...
Guest's user avatar
  • 123
2 votes
1 answer
700 views

What is the relation between the eigenvectors of a sample covariance matrix and those of the true covariance matrix?

As is known, the covariance matrix of a set of random vectors $\{\mathbf{x}_i\}_{i=1}^N$ can be estimated by their sample covariance matrix: $\mathbf{\hat R}:=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{n=1}^N\mathbf{x}_n\...
Helmholz's user avatar
  • 131