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What do you call a linear map of the form $\alpha X$, where $\alpha\in\Bbb R$ and $X\in\mathrm O(V)$ is an orthogonal map ($V$ being some linear space with inner product)? Are there established names, ...

Every $A \in \text{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ has a unique orthogonal polar factor $O_A=A(\sqrt{A^TA})^{-1}$, ( $A=O_AP_A$, $O \in \operatorname{O}_n, P \in \operatorname{Psym}_n$see Polar decomposition). ...

Let $A$ be a real $n \times n$ matrix. Denote by $\operatorname{cof} A$ The cofactor matrix of $A$. By definition, $A (\operatorname{cof} A)^T=\det A \cdot I$. Thus, it is immediate that $A \in \...