Questions tagged [nt.number-theory]
Prime numbers, diophantine equations, diophantine approximations, analytic or algebraic number theory, arithmetic geometry, Galois theory, transcendental number theory, continued fractions
92 questions from the last 30 days
2
votes
0
answers
94
views
Is there a closed formula for factorial?
Is there a closed formula for n! that does not use the factorial notation or integrals?
This question has been asked several times on math.SE but none of the answers there provides a real answer.
I ...
- 18.7k
0
votes
0
answers
30
views
A system of nonlinear Diophantine equations whose positive solutions are not coprime
Consider the following system of Diophantine equations:
$$v_1k_1=k_1^3-k_2^3+k_3^3 \\
v_2k_2=k_1^3+k_2^3-k_3^3 \\
v_3k_3=-k_1^3+k_2^3+k_3^3 \tag{1}$$
where $v_1,v_2,v_3$ and $k_1,k_2,k_3$ are integer-...
- 303
1
vote
0
answers
36
views
What upper bounds are known, for the number of divisors of Mersenne numbers?
Short version. What upper bounds are known, for the number of divisors of Mersenne numbers?
Long version.
Studying the structure of the factors of $M_n = 2^n - 1$ appears to be an active and difficult ...
- 1,424
3
votes
0
answers
126
views
Lemma in Roth's Theorem for Primes
I am reading Ben Green's paper Roth's Theorem in the Primes and I don't follow the proof of Lemma 6.1. I am not sure where the fact there are no more than $n^{3/4}$ elements $x\in A_0$ with $x\leq n^{...
- 261
4
votes
1
answer
501
views
Is decomposability of integer polynomials over the rational numbers an undecidable problem?
By a decomposition of a polynomial $F(x)$ over a field $K$ we mean writing $F(x)$ as
$$
F(x)=G(H(x)) \quad(G(x), H(x) \in K[x]),
$$
which is nontrivial if $\operatorname{deg} G(x)>1$ and $\...
- 280
0
votes
0
answers
62
views
Hasse principle for Brauer groups of fields of transcendence degree 2
In his paper "A Hasse principle for function fields over PAC fields" (DOI link), Ido Efrat proves the following result: Let $F$ be an extension of a perfect PAC field $K$ of relative ...
- 31
2
votes
0
answers
95
views
Uncertainty principle: minimize $\int_{-\infty}^\infty |t| |\widehat{f}(t)|^2 dt$ for $f$ of compact support
This is a question of uncertainty-principle type stemming from Eigenvalue of a convolution and a restriction?
Let $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ be even, absolutely continuous and supported in $[-\frac{...
- 20.2k
7
votes
0
answers
102
views
Langlands correspondence of coverings of $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb R)$ and modular forms with fractional weights
$\DeclareMathOperator\SL{SL}$Let $G \to \SL_2(\mathbb R)$ be a finite covering of degree $d \geq 2$. Then $G$ is a connected Lie group with semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{sl}_2$ and ...
- 6,622
0
votes
1
answer
100
views
Rational functions on elliptic curves over global fields with given support
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over a global field $k$. Let $x_1, \dots, x_r$ be a set of generators of $E(k) / E(k)_{tor}$ (or more generally, a $\mathbb Q$-basis of $E(k)_{\mathbb Q}$), and let $x_0$ ...
- 67
2
votes
0
answers
57
views
Wieferich primes and identities for the Euler quotients of $2^n+1$ and $\frac{2^n+1}{3}$
Let $n>1$ be odd integer.
Define the Euler quotient $a(n)=\frac{2^{\varphi(n)}-1 \bmod n^2}{n}$.
Number $n$ with $a(n)=0$ is Wieferich number and if it is prime
it is Wieferich prime.
It is open ...
- 25.4k
1
vote
0
answers
100
views
The value of the Hauptmodul at CM point
Let $J$ be a classical normalized $j$-invariant (that is, J=j-744).
Then, it is a classical result that $J(\tau)$ is an algebraic integer if $\tau$ is an imaginary quadratic number (that is, $a\tau^2+...
- 111
6
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Difficulty with "A new elementary proof of the Prime Number Theorem" by Richter
I'm studying Richter's "A new elementary proof of the Prime Number Theorem" paper, and I'm finding some problems understanding some parts of it. For example, I don't see how to get, in Lemma ...
- 63
3
votes
0
answers
130
views
Galois cohomology and Levi subgroups
Let $F$ a field and $G$ a smooth connected reductive group with a Levi subgroup $M$. Under what assumptions is $H^1(F, M) \to H^1(F, G)$ injective? In the case $F$ is nonarchimedean local I believe ...
- 605
0
votes
0
answers
99
views
On the form of algebraic numbers belonging to a specific field extension
Let $m>1$ be an integer and set $\theta=10^{-1/m}$. For a $\gamma\in \mathbb{Q}(\theta)$, there exists $a_0,\ldots,a_{m-1}\in \mathbb{Q}$ such that
$$
\gamma=a_0+a_1\theta+\cdots+a_{m-1}\theta^{m-1}...
- 515
1
vote
0
answers
100
views
Curious congruences modulo $4$ involving primes
We define
$$S(n)=\sum_{a=2+(n\pmod 2)}^{n-2}
\sharp(\{j,1\leq j<n \pmod{a},(a,j)=1\})\ .$$
(Searching the OEIS yielded no results.)
For $n>2$ we have the following experimental observations (...
- 17.9k
2
votes
0
answers
76
views
Function that is (essentially) a self-convolution but not a multiple of a self-convolution
Call a function $F:\mathbb{R}\to C$ nice if it is of the form $F = f\ast \tilde{f}$, where $\tilde{f}(x) = \overline{f(-x)}$. (Of course nice functions are precisely those whose Fourier transform is ...
- 20.2k
1
vote
0
answers
111
views
Whether or not the root number of GL$_3\times$GL$_2$ $L$-function $L(s, F \otimes g)$ contains the coefficients $\lambda_g(n)$ of $g$?
$\DeclareMathOperator\GL{GL}\DeclareMathOperator\SL{SL}$Let $p$ and $q$ be two distinct primes. Let $$\Gamma_0(p)= \left\{ g\in \GL_3(\mathbb{Z}):g \equiv \left(\begin{matrix} \ast &\ast&\...
- 41
-3
votes
0
answers
70
views
Is the upper bound on $H_{1}$ a decreasing function of the proportion of critical zeros of Zeta?
This question stems from https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19762 and the numerical observation that the best unconditional upper bound for $H_{1}:=\lim\inf_{n\to\infty}p_{n+1}-p_{n}$, namely $H_{1}^{\flat}=...
- 6,974
2
votes
0
answers
119
views
Polynomial discriminant equation
This is a fairly straightforward question, and I am hoping a definitive answer exists.
Does there exist a quadratic form $A \in \mathbb{C}[x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4]$ and a cubic form $B \in \mathbb{C}[x_1, ...
- 26.9k
1
vote
0
answers
67
views
About ratio $\frac{\Omega (n)}{\omega (n)}$
What is the asymptotic estimate of $\sharp\left\{n\leq x,\frac{\Omega (n)}{\omega (n)}> 1+\varepsilon \right\}$, with fixed $\varepsilon > 0$, where $ n=s\cdot q$ ; $s$-a powerfull part of $n$ ...
- 471
1
vote
1
answer
176
views
+50
On a probabilistic integer factorization algorithm given bounds for one prime factor
We got a probabilistic integer factorization algorithm and experimental evidence with large
integers given bounds for one factor.
Let $D \ge 2$ be real number and let $p,q$ be primes and $N=pq$.
...
- 25.4k
0
votes
0
answers
92
views
The ratio $\Omega(n)/\omega(n)$ for a special set of integers
It is known that every positive integer can be expressed as $n=s\cdot q $, where $s$ is a powerful number and $q$ a squarefree number, with
$(s,q)=1$. It is also known that the set of integers such ...
- 471
2
votes
0
answers
119
views
Generalized identity with Stirling numbers of the second kind and falling factorials
It is known that Striling numbers of the second kind satisfy the relation
$$
\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n}{n \brace k}(x)_k = x^n.
$$
where $(x)_n$ is the falling factorials such that
$$
(x)_n = x(x-1)(x-2)\...
- 4,938
-3
votes
0
answers
140
views
Divisors of n and n + 1
Suppose $a$ is a proper divisor of $n$ (where $n$ is a positive integer), and $b$ a proper divisor of $n + 1$.
Is there a general criterion (or general property of $n$) which enables one to conclude ...
- 4,547
5
votes
1
answer
469
views
Is the set of generalized Fermat triples computable?
Is $\;\big\{(a,b,c)\in\mathbb{N}^3: \big(\exists m,n,\ell \in (\mathbb{N}\setminus\{0,1,2\})\big): a^m + b^n= c^\ell\big\}\;$ computable?
- 48.9k
2
votes
0
answers
93
views
Galois representations attached to discrete automorphic representations
Let $F$ be a totally real field. Let $G$ be a (split) connected reductive group over $F$. Let $\pi$ be an irreducible automorphic representation of $G$.
Recall in the work of Buzzard and Gee "The ...
- 6,622
1
vote
0
answers
82
views
Descent of isogenies between p-divisible groups
Let $\mathcal{G}$ be a $p$-divisible group over $K$, which is a finite extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$. Let $\rho: \text{Gal}(\bar{K}/K)\rightarrow \text{GL}(T_p\mathcal{G})$ be the associated Galois ...
- 11
1
vote
0
answers
263
views
Are there connections between Calabi-Yau manifolds and number theory?
I am interested in understanding whether there are any significant connections between Calabi-Yau manifolds and number theory. Calabi-Yau manifolds are central objects in algebraic geometry and string ...
1
vote
0
answers
29
views
Factoring semiprimes via sum of two squares? [migrated]
The following thoughts came into my head after watching Grant Sanderson's JBPM award lecture here, in which he discusses the fact that we can quickly factor 3599 by noticing it can be written as (60-1)...
- 61
16
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Polynomials for natural numbers and irreducible polynomials for prime numbers?
Let $p$ be a prime and $n$ be a natural number.
Define inductively for prime numbers: $f_1(x) := 1$, $f_2(x):=x$, $f_p(x) := 1+\prod_{q\mid p-1} f_q(x)^{v_q(p-1)}$.
Is $f_p(x)$ always irreducible for ...
- 3,054
2
votes
1
answer
122
views
Questions about elliptic curves with level-$n$ structure
Let $n$ be a positive integer, which is $4$ or a prime number $l$.
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over a number field $K$.
Assume that all the $n$-torsion points of $E$ are defined over $K$, i.e....
- 67
4
votes
0
answers
87
views
Levis, parabolics and Bruhat-Tits over Henselian local rings
Let $(R,m)$ be a Henselian local ring with algebraically closed or finite residue field $k$ and fraction field $F$. For example, we may work with $R=W(\mathbb F_p^{alg})$.
The paper "Reductive ...
- 6,622
30
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Why does this system of gcd equations have no solutions?
In February 2024 the following question was posed by user @Aig on Math.StackExchange:
Find the solutions to the system of equations $$\begin{cases} a + b = \gcd(a^3,b^3) \\ b+c = \gcd(b^3,c^3) \\ c+a =...
- 351
3
votes
0
answers
77
views
primes that ramify in division fields for hyperelliptic jacobians
Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve $y^2=f(x)$ of genus $g\geq 2$ and $\Delta$ the discriminant of $f(x)$. Let $\ell>2$ be a prime that divides $\Delta$ to the order $e:=\operatorname{ord}_\ell(\Delta)...
- 685
3
votes
0
answers
239
views
Multiplicative functions and Dirichlet characters
I am studying Dirichlet characters and modular functions as part of my research, specifically working through concepts found in the paper "An explicit hybrid estimate for $L(1/2 + it)$" by ...
- 111
1
vote
1
answer
186
views
Existence of Finite Amicable Groups
I'm interested in exploring the concept of "amicable groups" as follows:
Definition. Two finite groups $G$ and $H$ are called amicable groups if:
$G$ is the direct sum of proper subgroups ...
-1
votes
0
answers
49
views
$s^2 + 1$ has no prime factors $p \equiv 3 \mod 4$? [migrated]
$s^2 + 1$ is the squared length of a vector in a square lattice for every integer $s$. The number of integer
solutions in $a, b$ for $a^2 + b^2 = s^2 + 1$ is of course $> 0$, e.g. $a = s, b = 1$ is ...
0
votes
0
answers
118
views
Uncomplete argument in Nishioka book
In Nishioka book "Mahler functions and transcendence" in the proof of Theorem 4.2.1, Nishioka asserts the following: For a matrix $A=(a_{i,j})_{1\le i\le m}$ with coefficients in $K[z]$ ($K$ ...
- 3,996
4
votes
0
answers
513
views
Deriving inequality (8.9) from (8.8), in Iwaniec–Kowalski “Analytic Number Theory”
I am working through the problem presented in Chapter 8 of Iwaniec and Kowalski’s Analytic Number Theory (specifically inequalities (8.8) and (8.9)) and I am struggling with the transition between ...
- 111
0
votes
1
answer
141
views
A lower bound for the largest prime divisor of an integer
I have often heard it stated that Erdős conjectured the following:
For any integer $n > 1$, there exists a prime divisor $p$ of $n$ such that
$$p > c \cdot \log \log n,$$
where $c > 0$ is a ...
- 55
1
vote
0
answers
116
views
Can all congruences for a third-order recurrence relation hold for some composite $n$?
Let $p$ be a prime with $p \gt 3$. Consider the polynomial $f = x^3 - 3x -1$. Suppose $f$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{F}_{p}$. Let $E$ be the splitting field of $f$ over $\mathbb{F}_{p}$, and let $\...
-1
votes
2
answers
371
views
Are these polynomials the same? [closed]
Let $p=2^{127}-1,P,Q\in \mathbb F_p[x]$ with $P(x)=x^2+1$ and $Q(x)=x^2+2$.
Are there some polynomial $H \in \mathbb F_p[x]$ bijectif on $\mathbb F_p$ with $\forall x \in \mathbb F_p, H(P(x))=Q(H(x))...
- 4,074
0
votes
0
answers
126
views
Asymptotics of sum $\sum_{d \mid n} \frac{\mu(d)}{d^2}$
Is anything known about the asymptotics of the sum
$$
\sum_{d \mid n} \frac{\mu(d)}{d^2}
$$
as $n$ tends to infinity? I am particularly interested in $\liminf_{n \to \infty}$. Here, $\mu$ is the ...
- 309
2
votes
1
answer
126
views
Changing the weight space for an eigenvariety
Let $G$ be an algebraic group (like $\operatorname{GL}_2$ or $\operatorname{GL}_2 \times\operatorname{GL}_2$ for example). Assume that there exists an eigenvariety $\mathcal{E}^G$ parameterizing ...
- 93
0
votes
1
answer
129
views
Closed form for $\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n} [\operatorname{wt}(k) = m]$ where $\operatorname{wt}(n)$ is the binary weight of $n$
Let $\operatorname{wt}(n)$ be A000120 (i.e., number of $1$'s in binary expansion of $n$).
Let $a(n,m)$ be the family of integer sequences such that
$$
a(n,m) = \sum\limits_{k=0}^{n} [\operatorname{wt}(...
- 4,938
0
votes
0
answers
86
views
How to prove the following equation (involving multiple binomial coefficients sum)?
I encountered the equation below, encountered a problem that has been bothering me for a long time
Does anyone have an idea how to prove it? I would be extremely grateful to you if you come up with an ...
- 41
2
votes
0
answers
194
views
Functions such that the *integral* of the Fourier transform is non-negative?
Let $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ be in $L^1$, with its Fourier transform $\widehat{f}$ also in $L^1$. What is a necessary and sufficient condition on $f$ so that
$$\int_{-\infty}^x \widehat{f}(t) dt \...
- 20.2k
3
votes
0
answers
190
views
Voronoi formula on $\mathrm{GL}_4$ in the level aspect with ramification
$\DeclareMathOperator\GL{GL}$Let $f$ be an automorphic form on $\GL_3$ for $\Gamma_0(p)$ with $p$ being a prime (see Bump or Goldfeld's books for definitions). Recall that, in this paper-"The ...
- 41
8
votes
1
answer
670
views
Infinite series and sum of two squares
Consider the following infinite sequence $a(n)$ generated by
$$\sum_{n\geq0} a(n)q^n
=\frac{\sum_{k\geq0}F(2k+1)q^{\binom{k+1}2}}{\sum_{k\geq0} q^{\binom{k+1}2}}$$
where the $F(2k+1)$ are the odd ...
- 43.2k
3
votes
0
answers
63
views
Congruences regarding $4n$-dimensional lattices
A sequence of integers $(a_n)_{n\geq 1}$ satisfies Gauss congruence if
$$\sum_{d\mid n}\mu(d)a_{n/d}\equiv 0\pmod{n}$$
for every $n\geq 1$. Such sequences are also called Dold sequences, Newton ...
- 111