Questions tagged [metric-spaces]
A metric space is a pair $(X,d)$, where $X$ is a set and $d:X \times X \to \mathbb{R}$ satisfies the following conditions for all $x,y,z \in X$. (Symmetry) $d(x,y)=d(y,x)$. (Identity of Indiscernibles) $d(x,y)=0$ if and only if $x=y$. (Triangle Inequality) $d(x,y)+d(y,z) \geq d(x,z)$.
442 questions
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Criterion for Kuratowski Limit Inferior
Let $(X,d_X)$ be a compact metric space and let $\{K_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ be a collection of non-empty compact subsets. Let $K\subseteq X$ be compact. Then, if for every $x_n \in K_n$ we have
$$
d_X(...
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Simplify Kantorovich–Rubinstein duality when distributions share a common marginal
Consider the product of two metric spaces $X\times Y$, and two probability distributions $\mu$ and $\nu$ on this product space. By the Kantorovich-Rubinstein duality, I can write the Wasserstein-1-...
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When is a metric space a snowflake?
Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space. For any $0<\epsilon<1$, we call the metric space $(X,d^{\epsilon})$; where $d^{\epsilon}(x,y)\triangleq (d(x,y))^{\epsilon}$ the $\epsilon$-snowflake of $(X,d)$.
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Continuous extension preserving modulus of continuity
Let $X$ be a (non-empty) compact subset of $D(0,M):=\left\{x\in \mathbb{R}^n:\, \|x\|\leq M\right\}$, and let $f:X\rightarrow Y$ be uniformly continuous; for some metric space $Y$. Are there any ...
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Is there a theory of partially-defined metric spaces?
Is there a theory of metric spaces in which the distance between a given pair of points need not be defined?
I'm aware that there is a theory of partial metric spaces, but these deal with a different ...
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Can every set of points with rational distance squares be isometrically embedded in $\Bbb Q^d$?
Suppose we are given a finite family of points $p_1,...,p_n\in \Bbb R^d$, so that any two points have a rational distance square, that is,
$$\|p_i-p_j\|^2\in\Bbb Q,\quad\text{for all $i,j\in\{1,...,n\}...
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Examples of doubling metric spaces
I keep reading a lot of metric space results which are frames for doubling metric spaces. However, besides some obvious examples (such as Euclidean case, discrete spaces, or quasi-symmetric images of ...
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Is there a name for this geometric property of metric spaces?
My research has lead me to metric spaces $(M, \rho)$ which have the following geometric property:
Suppose $x, y \in M$ and $r, s > 0$ such that
$(x, r) \neq (y, s)$,
$B[y; s] \subseteq B[x; r]$,
$...
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Existence of continuous selection for metric projection
Let $(X,d)$ be a separable complete geodesic metric space and let $K$ be a compact (non-empty) subset of $X$. Without assuming things like linearity, the convexity of $K$, and locally convexity, ...
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Metric projection on closed convex sets in Busemann space
I am looking for a proof of the following statement:
Let $X$ be a complete Busemann space. For any point $x\in X$ and any nonempty closed convex set $A\subseteq X$, there is a unique $a\in A$ such ...
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Expected measure of a ball in a probability space with a metric
Assume we are given a probability space $(\mathbb{X}, \mathcal{X}, \mathbb Q)$ and a measurable distance function defined on it $d:\mathbb{X}\times \mathbb{X}\to \mathbb{R}^+\cup\{0\}$ that conforms ...
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Inferring the modulus of continuity
Let $f:X\rightarrow Y$, $g:Y\rightarrow Z$ be uniformly continuous functions between metric spaces $X,Y,Z$ with moduli of continuity $\omega_f$ and $\omega_g$, respectively. Suppose that we know that ...
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Points of differentiability of squared distance from a point in metric spaces
I posted this same question on MSE with no answer.
Let $I:=(0, + \infty)$ and let $(X,d)$ be a complete and separable metric space. In this setting we say that $u : I \to X$ is absolutely continuous ...
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An inequality about metric spaces
I started studying this article(《$L^2$ CURVATURE BOUNDS ON MANIFOLDS WITH BOUNDED RICCI CURVATURE》) about 3 months ago: arxiv.org/abs/1605.05583
In this article, there is a seemingly simple assertion ...
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Generalized Hardy operator and Lorentz gamma spaces
I would like to find an inequality which would 'place' the generalized Hardy operator $\int_0^th(y)dy\int_y^tk^*(s)ds$ in between two Lorentz gamma spaces.
Any literature or ideas would be greatly ...
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BCT equivalent to DC
Do you know where I can find proof of equivalence Baire Category Theorem and DC (Axiom of Dependent Choice)? It is well known fact but I can't find appropriate literature with the proof.
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Does the lemma remain valid in b-metric space?
Let $(X,d)$ be a complete metric space.
$$CB(X)=\{A : A \text{ is a nonempty closed and bounded subset of }X \},$$
$$D(A,B)=\inf \{d(a,b) : a\in A , b\in B\},$$
$$\sigma (A,B)=\sup \{d(a,b) : a\in A , ...
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Is every Baire metric space a complete metric space in disguise?
I am currently giving lectures in real analysis and a student asked an interesting question I couldn't answer, so I'm posting it here:
Let's say that a metric space $X$ is Baire if every countable ...
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What is sequential boundary of a $\delta$-hyperbolic space and how is the Gromov product extended to the boundary?
I have been reading up on $\delta$-hyperbolic spaces. But I am not getting a clear idea of sequential boundary of $\delta$-hyperbolic spaces and how the Gromov product is extended to it. Could ...
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A rather non-$F_\sigma$ Borel set
I asked this question at MSE a week ago, but received no answer, so I cross-post it here.
I obtained a negative answer to this MSE question provided each metric space $X$ such that $|X|=\frak c$ and ...
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What is the quotient (pseudo)metric $d_\sim$ and how do I identify the infimum of possible sequences in this instance?
Let $Z$ be the the set of dyadic and ternary rationals in the interval $\left[\frac12,1\right)$ whose 3-adic valuation is either $-1$ or $0$, with the standard absolute value topology inherited from ...
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Conditions on the inequality with a gauge norm
Let $\Phi(x)=\int_0^x \phi(y)\,dy$, $x \in \mathbb{R}_+$, be an N-function, and let $u$ be locally inferable on $\mathbb{R}_+$. Consider the gauge norm
$$
\rho_{\Phi,u}(f)=\inf\{\lambda>0: \int_{\...
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A local base for space of probability measures with Prohorov metric
Let $S$ be a Polish space. Let $P(S)$ denote the space of probability measures on $(S,\mathcal{B})$, where $\mathcal B$ is the Borel-$\sigma$-algebra over $S$. Equip $P(S)$ with the Prohorov metric. I ...
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Every partial isometry extends
I am interested in metric spaces $X$ where every isometry between two subsets of the space extends to a full isometry $X \to X$. Is there a name for this kind of space? Is there some paper which ...
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Reference request: extendability of Lipschitz maps as a synthetic notion of curvature bounds
In the lecture Notions of Scalar Curvature - IAS around 8:00, Gromov states the following result, which he claims he does "slightly uncarefully":
Suppose $(X,g_X)$ and $(Y,g_Y)$ are ...
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In infinite dimensions, is it possible that convergence of distances to a sequence always implies convergence of that sequence?
This is a cross-posted on MSE here.
Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space. Say that $x_n\in X$ is a P-sequence if $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}d(x_n,y)$ converges for every $y\in X.$ Say that $(X,d)$ is P-...
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Uniform distance from a discontinuous function is continuous
Define the metric $d(f,g)\triangleq \sup_{x \in [0,1]} \|f(x)-g(x)\|$ on the set $\operatorname{B}$ of uniformly bounded functions from the interval $[0,1]$ to $\mathbb{R}$, fix $g \in \operatorname{B}...
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The contraction principle in quasi metric spaces
I am researching contractive mappings and I need the article of I. A. Bakhtin "The contraction principle in quasi metric spaces"(1989) or at least part where explanation is given for ...
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Topological properties inherited by the Hausdorff metric space
Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space and $(K_X , h_d)$ be the associated metric space of nonempty compact subsets of $X$ with the Hausdorff metric. It is well known that $K_X$ inherits certain topological (...
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A generalization of metric spaces
Let $(L,<,+)$ be a structure such that (1) $<$ is a linear order of $L$, (2) $L$ has a least element 0, (3) $+$ is a binary function on $L$ that behaves like addition of positive real numbers, i....
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Examples of metric spaces with measurable midpoints
Given a (separable complete) metric space $X=(X,d)$, let us say $X$ has the measurable (resp. continuous) midpoint property if there exists a measurable (resp. continuous) mapping $m:X \times X \to X$ ...
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Show identity for a norm on Fréchet differentiable functions on a Banach space
Let $E$ be a $\mathbb R$-Banach space, $v:E\to(0,\infty)$ be continuous with $$\inf_{x\in E}v(x)>0\tag1,$$ $r\in(0,1]$ and$^1$ $$\rho(x,y):=\inf_{\substack{c\:\in\:C^1([0,\:1],\:E)\\ c(0)=x\\ c(1)=...
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Domains in $\mathbb{R}^n$ for which Hajlasz-Sobolev spaces and Sobolev Spaces are the same
I'm reading Heinonen's book on metric measure spaces. He writes that for general domains $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$, $M^{1,p}(\Omega) \subset W^{1,p}(\Omega)$ where the former are Hajlasz-Sobolev ...
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Which metric spaces embed isometrically in $\ell_p$?
It is known that each metric space $X$ embeds isometrically in the Banach space
$\ell_\infty(X)$ of bounded (not necessarily continuous) functions $X \to \mathbb R$. Since $\ell_\infty(X)$ does not ...
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A complete metric space with some convex-type property
Let $(X,d)$ be a complete metric space with this property:
for each $x∈X$, $r>0$ and $y∈X$ with $d(x,y)<r$, there exists $z∈X$ such that $d(x,y)+d(y,z)=d(x,z)=r$.
I want to know if the family ...
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For which classes of metric spaces can we prove that quasi-isometry is an equivalence relation in ZF?
Given two metric spaces $(M_1, d_1)$ and $(M_2, d_2)$, a map $\phi \colon (M_1, d_1) \to (M_2, d_2)$ is a large-scale Lipschitz essentially surjective map if there exist constants $A \geq 1, B \geq 0$,...
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When is the internal covering number of a metric space monotonic?
Given a radius $r > 0$, the internal covering number of a subset $T$ of a metric space $(X, d)$ is denoted $N_r(T)$ and is defined to be the smallest number of balls of radius $r$ (under $d$) with ...
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What happens if you strip everything but the “between” relation in metric spaces
Given a metric space $(X,d)$ and three points $x,y,z$ in $X$, say that $y$ is between $x$ and $z$ if $d(x,z) = d(x,y) + d(y,z)$, and write $[x,z]$ for the set of points between $x$ and $z$.
Obviously,...
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Hopping geodesics
Is there a complete metric space $X$ with the following property?
For any pair of points $p,q\in X$ there is unique minimizing geodesic $[pq]_X$ that connects $p$ to $q$, but the map $(p,q)\mapsto [...
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separable support of Borel measure, with tau-additive measure and full support
I have a problem with Proposition 7.2.10 in Bogachev's Measure Theory Volume II book on page 77 (I have link to my drive with that book https://drive.google.com/file/d/...
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Reference request: Projection operators in metric spaces
Given a metric space $(X,d)$ and a subset $S\subset X$, the projection $P_S$ onto $S$ is well-defined as a set valued function. I am interested in learning more about properties of these projections ...
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Example of a nonconvex Chebyshev set in a metric space with continuous projection?
Question: Is there an example of a nonconvex Chebyshev set $S$ in a metric space $(X,d)$ whose projection map is continuous?
For convexity to be well-defined, we need to assume that $X$ is a vector ...
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Is the separability of the space needed in the proof of the Prohorov's theorem?
The Section 5 of the book:
Billingsley, P., Convergence of Probability Measures, 1999,
studies Prohorov's theorem. A short reminder is given below.
Let $\Pi$ be a family of probability measures on ...
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Category of metric spaces
Is there a standard/good reference text that does category of metric spaces?
Say, it seems that by looking at this category one can recover everything about particular metric space up to scaling --- ...
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Two questions around the $abc$-conjecture
Let $d(a,b) = 1-\frac{2 \gcd(a,b)}{a+b}$, $d_{ABC}(a,b) = 1-\frac{2\gcd(a,b)^3}{ab(a+b)}$ be two metrics on natural numbers.
The abc-conjecture can be formulated using these two metrics as:
For ...
user6671
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Composition of couplings as a pullback construction
A metric measure space $(X,d,\mu)$ consists of a metric space $(X,d)$ together with a Borel measure $\mu$. A coupling between metric measure spaces $(X_1,d_1,\mu_1)$ and $(X_2,d_2,\mu_2)$ consists of ...
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Restriction of non-metrizable topology to dense subset is non-metrizable
Let $(X,\tau)$ be a non-metrizable topological space which is not first-countable and let $\emptyset \neq Y\subset X$ be a proper dense subset. Is it possible for $(Y,\tau_Y)$ (where $\tau_Y$ is the ...
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Comparing $(((A^\varepsilon)')^\varepsilon)'$ and $int(A)$, where $A' := X\setminus A$ and $A^\varepsilon := \{x \in X \mid d(x,A) \le \varepsilon\}$
Disclaimer. This is follow up to the question https://math.stackexchange.com/q/3486130/168758.
Let $X=(X,d)$ be a Polish metric space equiped with the Borel $\sigma$-algebra and let $\mu$ be a ...
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Topologies and Borel $\sigma$-fields on disjoint unions
Consider a set of functions $\mathcal{F}$ on $E$ where $E \subset\mathbb{R}^k$ - e.g. the class of $L_1$ functions on $[0,1]$ - and endow it with a suitable metric $d$ that makes it Polish.
Consider ...
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Criteria for $\epsilon$-Density
Let $Y$ be a compact, separable metric space and $X=C(Y)$ Banach space. There are many criteria for a linear subspace $Z\subseteq X$ to be dense; notably the Stone-Weierstraß theorem.
Are there ...
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