Questions tagged [metric-spaces]
A metric space is a pair $(X,d)$, where $X$ is a set and $d:X \times X \to \mathbb{R}$ satisfies the following conditions for all $x,y,z \in X$. (Symmetry) $d(x,y)=d(y,x)$. (Identity of Indiscernibles) $d(x,y)=0$ if and only if $x=y$. (Triangle Inequality) $d(x,y)+d(y,z) \geq d(x,z)$.
442 questions
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What is the topological characteristic of a separable metric space $X$ such that $|kX\setminus X|=\frak{c}$ for any completion $kX$ of $X$?
What is the topological characteristic of a separable metric space $X$ such that $|kX\setminus X|=\frak{c}$ for any completion $kX$ of $X$?
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Hyperbolic space embeds into Wasserstein space
Fix a positive integer $n$, let $\mathbb{H}^n$ be the $n$-dimensional hyperbolic space, $r>0$, $x\in \mathbb{H}^n$ and consider the closed (compact) geodesic ball $B_{\mathbb{H}^n}(x,r)$. Are ...
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When are uniform embeddings quasisymetric
Let $X,Y$ be metric space and suppose that $f:X\rightarrow Y$ is a uniform embedding; i.e.:
$$
\omega(d_X(x,z))\leq d_Y(f(x),f(z)) \leq \Omega(d_X(x,z)),
$$
where $\omega\leq \Omega$ are both strictly ...
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Relationship between doubling constant of a metric space and of a metric measure space
Let $(X,d,m)$ be a metric measure space. We say that it is doubling in the sense of metric spaces if for every:
$x\in X$ and every $r>0$ there exists some (metric) doubling constant $C_d\geq 0$ ...
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Estimating the largest radius making each ball in a finite metric space into a tree
Motivation:
Let $n$ be a positive integer and $(X,d)$ be an $n$-point metric space. Clearly, $(X,d)$ need not be a metric tree (e.g. take for example the discrete metric on $\{0,1,2\}$.
Conversely, ...
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Finite approximations to the Kuratowski/Fréchet embedding
Let $(X,d)$ be a compact doubling metric space with doubling constant $C>0$. Let $\{\mathbb{X}_n\}_{n=0}^{\infty}$ be a sequences of finite subsets of $X$ with
$$
\left\{B\left(x_k,\frac1{n}\right)...
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Covering number $C^k$-balls in $C(\mathbb{R}^n)$
Fix a positive integer $n$ and and an non-negative integer $k$. The Arzela-Ascoli theorem guarantees that for a given positive integer $k$ and a given $L>0$ the set
$$
Ball_{C^{k,1}([0,1]^n)}(0,L)
...
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4
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Prove that $(v^Tx)^2−(u^Tx)^2\leq \sqrt{1−(u^Tv)^2}$ for any unit vectors $u, v, x$
I believe I found a complicated proof by bounding the spectral norm $||uu^T-vv^T||^2_2:=\max_{||x||=1}|(u^Tx)^2-(v^Tx)^2|$.
Using the fact that $dist(x,y):=\sin|x-y|$ is a distance function over unit ...
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Topologically characterizing metrizable spaces
There are some well-known theorems that imply that some metrizable spaces, when satisfying other topological properties, are unique up to homeomorphism. Here are a few examples, where "perfect&...
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Stability of Hajłasz-Sobolev class under post-composition
Informally: When is a Sobolev function, post-composed by a vector-valued function still Sobolev?
Assumptions/Setup
Let $(X,d_X,m_X)$ and $(Y,d_Y,m_Y)$ be complete and separable metric measure spaces; ...
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Terminology "upper" Ahlfors regular measure
Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space and $m$ be a Borel measure on $(X,d)$. The measure $m$ is called Ahlors regular if $m(B(x,r))\asymp r^q$ for some $q>0$ and each $x\in X$. Is there a name for ...
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Whitney's approximation theorem for Lipschitz manifolds
In the smooth setting, Whitney's approximation theorem says the following: If $M,N$ are smooth manifolds and $f,g:M\to N$ are smooth functions that are continuously homotopic (ie there is a continuous ...
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Best estimate on doubling constant of a finite metric space
Let $(X,d)$ be a finite metric space. Clearly, $(X,d)$ is a doubling metric space but is there a 'best' estimate of $(X,d)$'s doubling constant?
Probability based on its cardinality, diameter, and ...
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Prove that $(v^Tx)^2-(u^Tx)^2 < 1-(u^Tv)^2$ for any unit vectors $u$, $v$, $x$
Let $u,v,x \in \mathbb R^d$ be three unit vectors. I found a very complicated proof that $(v^Tx)^2-(u^Tx)^2 \leq 1-(u^Tv)^2$.
That is $\lVert uu^T-vv^T\rVert^2_2 = 1-(u^Tv)^2$, or that $f(v,x)\leq f(v,...
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Factorization of metric space-valued maps through vector-valued Sobolev spaces
Let $(X,d,m)$ and $(Y,\rho,n)$ be metric measure spaces and let $f:X\rightarrow Y$ be a Borel-measurable function for which there is some $y_0$ and some $p\geq 0$ such that
$$
\int_{x\in X}\,d(y_0,f(x)...
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Does a lifted functor on $\mathbf{1Met}$ preserve isometries?
Let $\mathbf{1Met}$ denote the category of metric spaces with distance bounded by $1$ and nonexpansive maps ($1$-Lipschitz functions). I call isometry a distance-preserving map (some people require it ...
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Relation between two permutation metrics
Note: I asked this question a few months ago here, but received no answer.
Consider the following two metrics on permutations of $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$:
$d_\text{swap}(\sigma,\tau)$ is the minimum number ...
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A locally compact, complete metric space in which the closure of open balls coincide with the closed ball is Heine-Borel
I saw the following result stated without a proof in a paper about the isometry group of metric measure spaces:
Let $X$ be a locally compact, complete metric space such that for all $x \in X$ and $R &...
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String metric properties when extending strings
I am studying some aspects concerning string distance functions, and I am sure there are generic results available in the field of metric spaces, but I have not been able to find appropriate ...
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When do Polish spaces admit complete metric making them $\mathrm{CAT}(\kappa)$?
Question
$\DeclareMathOperator\CAT{CAT}$Let $X$ be a Polish space. When are there known conditions under which $X$'s topology can be metrized by a metric $d$ such that $(X,d)$ is a:
$\CAT(\kappa)$ ...
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When are Wasserstein spaces $CAT(\kappa)$?
Let $(X,d)$ be a complete and separable metric space and, for $1\leq p<\infty$, let $(\mathcal{P}_p(X,d),W_p)$ be the $p$-Wasserstein space on $(X,d)$. For which $p$ and $(X,d)$ is $(\mathcal{P}_p(...
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Perturbing the approximation property from the Lipschitz-free space to stay in the Wasserstein space
Let $(X,d,x)$ be a separable pointed metric space and let $\mathcal{F}(X)$ be its Arens-Eells (also called its Lipschitz-Free space; in the case where $X$ is Banach) space. We view the $1$-...
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A generalization of metrics taking values in partial orders
I'm investigating the origin of the following notion:
Let $S=(S, +, <, 0)$ be a partially ordered semigroup with minimum $0$ (such that $<$ is invariant by the action of $+$ on both sides).
A $S$...
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What should a meaningful notion of curvature satisfy, in the absence of a smooth structure?
There are many generalizations of various curvatures to non-smooth metric spaces (e.g. Ollivier's Ricci curvature). Suppose I have a metric space $(X,d)$ and I want to define a notion of curvature ...
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Sufficient conditions for the Besicovitch covering theorem to hold on groups of polynomial growth
Let $G$ be a finitely generated group with symmetric generating set $S$. Then $S$ induces a distance $d$ on $G$ by letting $d(a,b) = $ the minimum $n$ such that there are generators $s_1,...,s_n$ with ...
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Axiomatizing projective Hilbert spaces
This question arises in connection to trying to take a different (more intrinsic) perspective on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in which projective Hilbert spaces naturally arise, e.g. see ...
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Does the compactness of parameter of distribution function imply the compactness of the distribution (or probability measure) in Wasserstein space?
For a family of probability measures sharing the same form of distribution function $F(x; p)$ with different parameters (i.e., $p$'s), if the parameter falls in a compact subset of real line, can we ...
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Compactness of symmetric power of a compact space
Suppose I have a compact metric space $(X,d)$ and let $\mathcal{X}=X^K$ be the product space. Consider the equivalence relation $\sim$ on $\mathcal{X}$ given as: for $\alpha,\beta\in \mathcal{X}$, $\...
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Effect of snowflaking on doubling constants
This question is related to this one. Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space, let $\epsilon\in [0,1)$ and consider the snowflake $(X,d^{1-\epsilon})$. Suppose that $(X,d)$ has a finite doubling constant, ...
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What is the relationship between barycenters in the Arens-Eells sense and barycenters in the optimal transport sense
Setup:
Let $X$ be a complete pointed metric space.
Let us briefly recall that the Wasserstein space $W_1(X)$ is identifiable with a subset of the Arens-Eells (or Lipschitz-Free) space $\operatorname{...
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Monotonicity of doubling dimension
Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space with finite Assouad dimension $0<C_X$. It seems intuitive to me that if $\emptyset \subset Y\subseteq X$ then $Y$ is also doubling and its Assouad dimension, denoted ...
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Banach-like analysis on metric spaces
Some time ago, I was thinking about whether it would be possible to generalize some results from functional analysis on Banach spaces to some metric spaces. Specifically, I wondered whether if one ...
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Almost Lipschitz embedding of compact metric measure spaces into Euclidean spaces
Let $(X,d)$ be a compact metric space, $m$ be a metric outer-measure on $X$. Are there 'mild conditions' on $X$ ensuring the existence of a positive integer $N\geq 3$ such that there exist $x_1,\dots,...
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Covering number estimates for Hölder balls
Let $\alpha \in (0,1]$, $r>0$ and $L>0$, and positive intwgers $n$ and $m$. The Arzela-Ascoli Theorem guarantees that the set $X(\alpha,L,r)$ of $f:[-1,1]^n\rightarrow [-r,r]^m$ with $\alpha$-...
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Holder-continuous barycenter maps
Let $(X,d)$ be a complete locally-compact metric space. We define the $p$-barycenter map as a continuous function:
$$
\beta:\mathcal{P}_p(X)\rightarrow X,
$$
which is a right-inverse of the map ...
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Relationship between Hausdorff dimension and covering number
Let $(X,d)$ be a compact metric space and recall that the $\epsilon$-external covering number $\mathcal{N}^{\epsilon}(X)$ of $X$ is defined by:
$$
\mathcal{N}^{\epsilon}(X) := \inf\left\{
N\in \mathbb{...
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Injectivity of post-composition operator
Let $X$, $Y_1,Y_2$, and $Z$ be separable metric spaces. Let $C(X,Y)$ be the topological space of continuous functions from $X$ to $Y$ equipped with its compact-open topologies. Fix a continuous ...
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Continuously varying norms
Let $V$ be a finite-dimensional real vector space with its Euclidean topology. Then all norms on $V$ are equivalent and consequently given two norms $\lVert-\rVert$, $\lVert-\rVert'$, the number
$$
d =...
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How complicated can the path component of a compact metric space be?
Let $X$ be a compact metric space and $P$ be a path component of $X$. Since we are not assuming $X$ is locally path connected, $P$ must need not be open nor closed. Certainly, $P$ must be separable ...
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99
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Banach fixed point theorem / convergence squeeze
I am trying to prove a convergence result on an iterative scheme which has the initial point defined as
$$x_1 = \frac{1 - s(x_0)}{s(x_0)}$$
where s(x) is some unknown function.
Here is my theorem and ...
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Are there any major differences in metric topologies and "non-symmetric" metric topologies
Let $X$ be a set and let $d:X\times X\rightarrow [0,\infty)$ satisfy all the axioms of a metric besides symmetry (i.e.: $d$ is a quasi-metric). Define a topology $\tau_{d:+}$ on $X$ induced by $d$ as ...
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"Snowflaked" Hausdorff metric
Let $(X,d_X)$ be a compact metric space and let $Comp(X)$ be the set of closed subsets of $X$ with the Hausdorff metric:
$$
D(A,B)\overset{\text{def}}{=} \, \max\left\{\sup_{b\in B}\,d_{A}(b),\sup_{a\...
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Closure of finite support measures in the Wasserstein metric
This is a follow-up question to this question:
Closure Wasserstein for pointmasses
Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space, and let $W_1(X)$ be the space of probability measures $\mu$ on $X$ having finite first ...
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Conditions under which a metric on a Riemannian manifold is induced by a Riemannian metric
Let $(M, g)$ be a Riemannian manifold. Lately, I've grown interested in what you may call a "modified geodesic" problem. Given some smooth, non-negative scalar field $V$ on $M$ (aptly called ...
- 63
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99
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Condition for: A simple quotient metric induced by surjective map + equivalence relation
Let $X$ be a metric space and let $f:X\rightarrow Z$ be a surjective map onto some set $Z$. Define the pseudo-metric $d_f$ on $Z$ by:
$$
d_f(z_1,z_2)\triangleq \inf_{\underset{f(x_i)=z_i}{x_i\in X}}
\...
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81
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Gromov–Hausdorff closure of non-positively curved graphs
Setup:
Let $\Gamma$ be the set of non-positively curved weighted connected graphs, with finitely many points, which are isometrically embedded in $\mathbb{R}^n$; for some $n\in \mathbb{N}$;$n\geq 2$. ...
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Does there exist a countable metric space which is Lipschitz universal for all countable metric spaces?
Is there a countable metric space $U$ such that any countable metric space is bi-Lipschitz equivalent to a subset of $U$? How about $c_{00}(\mathbb{Q})$ where $\mathbb{Q}$ is the rational numbers? ...
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181
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Completeness of intrinsication
Lemma. Suppose $(X,\rho)$ is a complete metric space and $\hat \rho$ is its induced intrinsic metric. Then $(X,\hat \rho)$ is complete.
This lemma was essentially proved in [2.3. in Metric minimizing ...
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361
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Relationship between Hausdorff convergence of sets and indicator functions
Let $\{K_n\}_n$ be a sequence of compact subsets of a metric space $X$, and $K\subset X$ be compact. If $K_n$ Hausdorff converges to $K$, i.e.:
$$
\lim\limits_{n\to\infty} d_{\mathrm H}(K_n,K) = \max\...
3
votes
1
answer
182
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Lipschitz-free space of countable uniformly discrete metric space
I assume here that the reader is familiar with the concept of Lipschitz-free space $\mathcal{F}(X)$ of a metric space $X$. I will follow the definition of $\mathcal{F}(X)$ as the completion of the ...
