Questions tagged [lo.logic]
first-order and higher-order logic, model theory, set theory, proof theory, computability theory, formal languages, definability, interplay of syntax and semantics, constructive logic, intuitionism, philosophical logic, modal logic, completeness, Gödel incompleteness, decidability, undecidability, theories of truth, truth revision, consistency.
5,154
questions
5
votes
2
answers
370
views
Does PA prove (Artemov-style) the consistency of a stronger system?
There was a recent question on Artemov's paper here on MO Situation with Artemov's paper?
In one of the answers there it was asserted (apparently incorrectly - see Noah Schweber's comments and ...
17
votes
4
answers
2k
views
Situation with Artemov's paper?
Artemov's paper on Goedel's theorem has been on the arxiv since 2019. There was a (less than fully friendly) discussion of this on FoM. At stackexchange, I found only a brief mention at this MSE ...
12
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Examples of concrete games to apply Borel determinacy to
I'm teaching a course on various mathematical aspects of games, and I'd like to find some examples to illustrate Borel determinacy. Open or closed determinacy is easy to motivate because it proves ...
7
votes
1
answer
179
views
Does there exist a geometric morphism between the effective and topological topoi? Does one arise from synthetic topology?
I'm presenting in final projects for my computability and computational topology courses on the connections between computability, continuity, and logic. As a mathematician/unmentored baby logician ...
5
votes
0
answers
223
views
The constructive Eudoxus reals
Recently arxiv submitted a new paper (Andrej Bauer, James E. Hanson, The Countable Reals) claiming an incredible theorem that Dedekind reals are not sequence-avoiding, and furthermore obtaining a ...
5
votes
0
answers
193
views
Is it decidable whether a statement about reals (in the language of ordered rings) is constructively provable?
The language of ordered rings is a first-order language with operators for $+$, $-$, and $\cdot$, constants for $0$ and $1$, and relations for $<$, $=$ and $>$.
To decide whether such a ...
1
vote
1
answer
172
views
Can there be a minimal remote cardinal?
Working in $\sf Z- Reg.$ we can have sets bigger than every well-founded set, let's label such sets as "remote". Now, suppose we'll add the axiom of existence of transitive closures, and the ...
4
votes
1
answer
271
views
Why is it not possible to define the necessity operator internally $\Box: \Omega \to \Omega$ in a topos?
I am looking for ways to internalize the modal operator of necessity $\Box$, ending up with a morphism $\Box: \Omega \to \Omega$ satisfying the necessitation rule (if $\phi$, then $\Box \phi$) and the ...
3
votes
1
answer
390
views
Can we have an axiom that refers to itself and the prior axioms of the theory it is an axiom of?
I know that this question is little bit imprecise, I'll try to present it in the best I can.
Can one have an axiom which is self referential with respect to itself and the theory in which it belongs?
...
1
vote
0
answers
45
views
Is stratified Z - Infinity + there is a set as big as its powerset, consistent if NF is consistent?
The question of consistency of $\sf NF$ can be seen to be equivalent to the question of whether the theory "Stratified $\sf Z$ - Regularity - Infinity + There exists a set as big as its powerset&...
2
votes
1
answer
155
views
Cardinality of maximal diverse families
Let $\kappa\geq \aleph_0$ be a cardinal. We say a collection ${\cal E} \subseteq {\cal P}(\kappa)$ is diverse if $|(A \setminus B) \cup (B \setminus A)| = \kappa$ whenever $A\neq B\in {\cal E}$. A ...
-1
votes
0
answers
86
views
Can existence of uncountable sets be proved in a ZFC variant with mild definability restriction?
Starting with ZF[C], if we restrict Separation and Replacement to parameter free versions from Parameter free definable sets, re-write Infinity asserting existence of $\omega$. Add to it axioms of ...
4
votes
0
answers
119
views
Consistency of definability beyond P(Ord) in ZF
Is it consistent with ZF that the satisfaction relation of $L(P(Ord))$ is $Δ^V_2$ definable? More generally, is it consistent with ZF that there is a $Δ^V_2$ formula (taking $α$ as a parameter) that ...
4
votes
1
answer
297
views
Expressiveness in arithmetic
Let $\mathcal{S}$ be a formal system for arithmetic (e.g. $P$ or $PA$), $f:N^q\rightarrow N^p$ a function of $N^q$ on $N^ p$ and $\alpha(\mathbf{x})$ a formula of $\mathcal{S}$ with $p$ free variables....
5
votes
1
answer
463
views
Hilbert's and Gödel's expanded definition of "Recursive Function"
There is a very interesting comment in this post:
I must also make one terminological caveat: Hilbert, and later Godel, used the phrase "recursive function" in a way very different from the ...
4
votes
0
answers
130
views
Is there a statement in Presburger arithmetic about primes this simple heuristic fails for?
I came up with the following conjecture while thinking about ways to formulate some heuristics about primes:
Conjecture: Given a statement $s$ in Presburger arithmetic, using an additional unary ...
7
votes
2
answers
173
views
Why does Weihrauch reducibility make use of multi-functions?
This is probably a kinda dumb question, but why is Weihrauch reducibility defined in terms of multi-functions (i.e. why isn't it just the degree structure of regular functions under that reducibility)?...
10
votes
1
answer
183
views
Is $(\mathbb R_{\mathrm{an}}, (x\mapsto x^r)_{r\in\mathbb R})$ still the largest known polynomially bounded o-minimal structure so far?
From Chris Miller's paper in 1995, the structure $(\mathbb R_{\mathrm{an}}, (x\mapsto x^r)_{r\in\mathbb R})$,is the largest known polynomially bounded o-minimal structure as of that time. I wonder if ...
6
votes
0
answers
117
views
What is this quotient of the free product?
Previously asked at MSE. The construction here can generalize to arbitrary algebras (in the sense of universal algebra) in the same signature with the only needed tweak being the replacement of "...
5
votes
1
answer
263
views
Would strengthening Foundation and Choice in NBG, make it equi-consistent with MK?
This is a follow up to an earlier question about strengthening of foundation in relation to proving the consistency of ZFC. It was shown that it would achieve that, but it may fail short of MK. Here, ...
5
votes
1
answer
200
views
Long chains of Dedekind finite sets
This is a variation on this question with amorphous cardinals replaced with dedekind finite sets.
Dedekind finite sets are sets that have no countable subset, and it is well known that this is a ...
21
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Are the real numbers isomorphic to a nontrivial ultraproduct of fields?
Let $K_1, K_2, \dots$ be a countable sequence of fields, and let $\prod_{\mathcal F} K_i$ be the ultraproduct with respect to some nonprincipal ultrafilter $\mathcal F$.
Question: Can there be a field ...
1
vote
0
answers
104
views
Monads for proof relevance in type theory
I am just getting started with homotopy type theory. After watching an introductory lecture, I was attracted to the concept of proof relevance. In my understanding, the core idea here is to elevate ...
6
votes
2
answers
468
views
Is strengthening Foundation in NBG sufficient to make it prove Con(ZFC)?
Can $\sf NBG$ class theory prove the foundation scheme:
Foundation schema: if $\Phi(X)$ is a formula in which "$X$" occurs free and only free, and in which "$Y$" doesn't occur, ...
-2
votes
0
answers
114
views
What happens if we restrict inputs in Separation and Replacement axioms to definable sets?
If we replace the axiom of Foundation by
Foundation schema: if $\varphi(x)$ is a formula in which "$x$" occurs free and only free, and in which "$y$" doesn't occur, whose free ...
13
votes
1
answer
530
views
Long chains of amorphous cardinalities
An amorphous set is an infinite set that cannot be partitioned into 2 infinite subsets. An amorphous cardinality is the cardinality of an amorphous set. Working in $\sf ZF$, it is consistent that ...
2
votes
0
answers
86
views
Uniformization and functions on Turing degrees
Assuming Martin's Conjecture on functions between Turing degrees, is AD + DC consistent with existence of an $f:\mathcal{D}_t → \mathcal{D}_t$ of rank $Θ$ ?
$\mathcal{D}_t$ is the set of Turing ...
3
votes
2
answers
600
views
Can uncountable sets be proved to exist in this variant of ZFC with definability restrictions?
If we restrict all parameters in the set building axioms of $\sf ZFC$ to definable sets, would the celebrated Cantor's theorem still apply? Can existence of uncountable sets be proven at all?
The set ...
11
votes
1
answer
390
views
Building the real from Dedekind finite sets
It is well known that the real numbers can be countable union of countable sets by starting with GCH and taking a finite support permutations while collapsing all of $\aleph_n$ for natural $n$.
The ...
1
vote
0
answers
81
views
Quasi polynomial algorithm for NP complete problem [closed]
I know that quasi polynomial algorithm is neither polynomial nor exponential. But I want to know if we find such algorithm for NP complete problem, will it be of any use? Or is there such algorithm ...
4
votes
1
answer
219
views
Are there atoms in the lattice of intermediate logics?
A few days ago I stumbled upon this question on MS. The question is: Does the lattice of intermediate logics have an atom, i.e. an element that is strictly stronger than IPC but not strictly stronger ...
0
votes
0
answers
76
views
Are gaps and loopy games interchangeable in the Surreal Numbers?
The class of surreal numbers (commonly called $No$) is not complete: it contains gaps. Some people have studied the "Dedekind completion" of the surreal numbers in order to do limits and ...
9
votes
1
answer
334
views
Consistency strength of strongly compact cardinal
Where can I find a proof that strongly compact cardinal has higher consistency strength than Woodin cardinal, or even just strong? Recall that a strongly compact cardinal itself may not be strong, ...
1
vote
0
answers
147
views
What is the strength of adding this de-schematizing inference rule to Ackermann's set theory?
Language: first order logic with equality, membership, and a constant symbol $W$.
Axioms:
Extensionality: $\forall z \, (z \in x \leftrightarrow z \in y) \to x=y$
Comprehension: $\exists x \forall y \,...
1
vote
0
answers
108
views
Is this modified H. Friedman theory bi-interpretable with ZFC + ORD is Mahlo?
The following theory is a modification of Harvey Friedman $\sf K(W)$ theory.
Language: first order logic with equality, membership, and a constant symbol $W$.
Axioms:
Extensionality: $\forall z \, (z ...
6
votes
0
answers
113
views
From HODs to corresponding models of AD
If $M$ is HOD of a model $N$ of $\text{AD}^+ + V=L(P(ℝ))$, what kind of forcing construction in $M$ gives back such an $N$?
HODs for $\text{AD}^+ + V=L(P(ℝ))$ are conjectured (and under anti-large ...
3
votes
0
answers
239
views
Is there a version of 3-SAT that is NP-complete but grows like $2^n$ instead of $2^{n \choose 3}$?
If I have $n$ variables and I want to write down all 3-SAT problems, the number of problems is $2^{8{n \choose 3}}$, since each clause has 3 variables and each variable can be negated or not.
But ...
8
votes
2
answers
497
views
Whether the pure implicational fragment of intuitionistic propositional logic is a finitely-many valued logic
Gödel (1932) showed that intuitionistic propositional logic (more precisely, any fragment with implication and disjunction) is not a finitely many-valued logic. What about the pure implicational ...
5
votes
0
answers
190
views
Friedman's proof of covering lemma for $L$
There is a two-page proof of the covering lemma for $L$ using $\Sigma_n$ substructures (Theorem 3.10) in Sy Friedman's Fine Structure and Class Forcing, compared to the proof that spans about twenty ...
12
votes
1
answer
704
views
Can proper classes have different sizes?
I'm presently working in a non-ZF set theory, where there are proper classes. (Think MK or VNBG.) And I'm interested in how to think about the possibility (or impossibility) of proper classes with ...
1
vote
0
answers
163
views
How does the cardinality of a set and its powerset compare in the hereditarily rank-concordant constructible world?
Working in the constructible universe "$L$", if we define two kinds of ranks for any constructible set $x$, one being the ordinal index of the first $L_\alpha$ where $x$ appears as a subset ...
4
votes
1
answer
108
views
Does this hierarchy of fragments of $I \Sigma_1$ collapse?
Does anyone know whether the following hierarchy of fragments of
$\mathrm{I} \Sigma_1$ (or rather
$\mathrm{I} \Pi_1$) collapses or not?
Let $\Sigma^b_n$ denote formulas in the language of arithmetic ...
5
votes
0
answers
155
views
Higher-order equivalence of ordinals
I wonder which ordinals are second-order equivalent, and similarly for other logical equivalences. Let the signature be fixed and include only <. For concreteness, let us first ask for the first ...
4
votes
1
answer
197
views
Simplified method of building an Aronszajn tree
There is a very interesting method to build an Aronszajn tree in Judith Roitman's "Introduction to Modern Set Theory", on pages 100-102. In short, we build a tree $T$ in which the nodes are ...
8
votes
1
answer
187
views
A reference for forcing projections
The idea of a projection $\pi\colon\mathbb{Q}\to\mathbb{P}$ of forcing notions is something like a combinatorial stand-in for the fact that forcing with $\mathbb{Q}$ produces a generic for $\mathbb{P}$...
6
votes
0
answers
219
views
Do maximal compact logics exist?
By "logic" I mean regular logic in the sense of abstract model theory (see e.g. the last section of Ebbinghaus/Flum/Thomas' book). My question is simple:
Is there a logic $\mathcal{L}$ ...
7
votes
1
answer
318
views
Literature about formalization of "natural reasoning" in mathematical logic
In "Logic of sheaves of structures", X. Caicedo justifies the logic he introduces stating (more or less) that assertions about a point should really be understood as assertions about a ...
2
votes
1
answer
130
views
Proof of Lindenbaum lemma without deduction theorem
I'm working on a formalization of Lindenbaum's completeness lemma for modal logic systems, but I've been stuck in a property. Namely, when trying to prove that:
$$\forall\Gamma,\forall\phi,\enspace\...
29
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Applications of Categorical Logic to Logic
This is definitely a very open ended question.
I have been studying Categorical Logic for a while now --- I've read Sheaves in Geometry and Logic, Adámek & Rosický's Presentable Categories, ...
7
votes
2
answers
620
views
Ideals generated by Turing independent sets
Recall that $X \subseteq 2^{\omega}$ is Turing independent if no $y \in X$ is computable from the Turing join of any finite subset of $X \setminus \{y\}$.
Question 1. Can we construct a Turing ...