Questions tagged [lebesgue-measure]
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Physical meaning of the Lebesgue measure
Question (informal)
Is there an empirically verifiable scientific experiment that can empirically confirm that the Lebesgue measure has physical meaning beyond what can be obtained using just the ...
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Geometric proof of the Vandermonde determinant?
The Vandermonde matrix is the $n\times n$ matrix whose $(i,j)$-th component is $x_j^{i-1}$, where the $x_j$ are indeterminates. It is well known that the determinant of this matrix is $$\prod_{1\leq ...
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votes
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answers
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A historical mystery : Poincaré’s silence on Lebesgue integral and measure theory?
Lebesgue published his celebrated integral in 1901-1902. Poincaré passed away in 1912, at full mathematical power.
Of course, Lebesgue and Poincaré knew each other, they even met on several occasions ...
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answers
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What is the origin/history of the following very short definition of the Lebesgue integral?
Typical courses on real integration spend a lot of time defining the Lebesgue measure and then spend another lot of time defining the integral with respect to a measure. This is sometimes criticized ...
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Average measure of intersection of a convex region with its translate
Let $\lambda$ denote the Lebesgue-measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$, and let $C\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ be a convex region.
My question is about
$$f(C):=\int_{C} \lambda(C \cap (x + C) ) \mathrm{d} x.$$
How ...
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Lebesgue measure theory applications
I'm looking for reasonably simple examples of applications of Lebesgue measure theory outside the measure theory setting. I give an example.
Theorem: Let $X$ be a differentiable submanifold of $\...
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6
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Why is Lebesgue measure theory asymmetric?
A set $E\subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ is said to be Jordan measurable if its inner measure $m_{*}(E)$ and outer measure $m^{*}(E)$ are equal.However, Lebesgue mesure theory is developed with only outer ...
user127990
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3
answers
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Measure induced on [0, 1] by infinite tosses of biased coin
It is well-known that one can get the Lebesgue measure on [0, 1] by tossing a fair coin infinitely (countably) many times and mapping each sequence to a real number written out in binary.
I was ...
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2
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How many subsets of $[0,1)$ are there modulo null sets?
For subsets $A$ and $B$ of $[0,1)$, say $A\sim B$ iff $\lambda(A\Delta B)=0$ where $\lambda$ is Lebesgue measure.
Question: How many equivalence classes of subsets of $[0,1)$ are there given AC?
I ...
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2
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Is it known how the Sigma Algebra generated by Jordan measurable sets compares to universally measurable sets and analytic sets?
Unlike the collection $L$ of Lebesgue measurable sets, the collection $J$ of Jordan measurable sets do not form a Sigma algebra. (A set is Jordan measurable if and only if its characteristic function ...
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2
answers
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Nontrivial signed measure on Lebesgue measurable sets being trivial on Borel sets
Let $\mathfrak{L}(\mathbb{R})$ be the collection of Lebesgue measurable sets and $\mathfrak{B}(\mathbb{R})$ be the Borel sets.
Question: Is there a nontrivial signed measure on $\mathfrak{L}(\mathbb{R}...
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votes
1
answer
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Almost all non-negative real numbers have only finitely many multiples lying in a measurable set with finite measure
Let $A$ be Lebesgue measurable subset of $[0,\infty)$ such that Lebesgue measure of $A$ is positive i.e. $0<\lambda(A)<\infty$. Let $S$ be the set defined as follows:
$$S:=\{t\in [0,\infty):nt\...
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Does there exist a non-zero signed finite borel measure which is zero on all balls?
Let $(X,d)$ be a compact separable metric space. Let $\mu$ be a Borel, regular, finite, signed measure on $X$ such that for all $x\in X$, for all $r>0$, $\mu(B(x,r))=0$, where $B$ denotes the (...
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On the existence of a family of countably additive extensions of Lebesgue measure
Let $m$ be Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb R$, and let $m_i$ and $m_o$ be the inner and outer measures respectively.
Is it the case that for all $A \subset \mathbb R$ and all $x \in [m_i(A), m_o(A)]$ ...
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Does the existence of a non-principal measure on ω imply that of a non Lebesgue measurable set?
A non-principal [probability] measure on a set X is a function $\mu$ defined on all subsets of $X$, with values in $[0,1]$, which is finitely additive, satisfies $\mu(X)=1$, and vanishes on singletons....
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Radon-Nikodym theorem for non-sigma finite measures
Let $(X,\mathcal M, \mu)$ be a measured space where $\mu$ is a positive measure.
Let $\lambda$ be a complex measure on $(X,\mathcal M)$. When $\mu$ is sigma-finite, the Radon-Nikodym theorem provides ...
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1
answer
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Almost everywhere “filling” of the continuum by the first uncountable cardinal without CH
Assuming the negation of CH, let $\omega_1$ be the first uncountable ordinal, $\mathfrak{c}$ be the cardinality of the continuum. Does there exist a map $f: \omega_1 \times [0, 1] \rightarrow \...
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3
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If $A, B$ is a non-trivial partition of $S^1$, is it possible that $R_\theta(A) \cap B$ has measure zero for all rotations $R_\theta$?
This was previously posted to Math StackExchange. I was originally unsure whether it is suitable for posting here, but I've yet to get an answer there, so I'm just trying to see if people here can ...
- 1,262
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1
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Regarding a positive Lebesgue measure set in $\mathbb{R}^2$
Let $P\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be a positive Lebesgue measure set. Then $P$ does not necessarily contain a subset of the form $A\times B$ where $A,B\subset \mathbb{R}$ are of positive Lebesgue measure.
...
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Does Hahn-Banach for $\ell^\infty$ imply the existence of a non-measurable set?
Working over ZF but without the Axiom of Choice (AC), assume that the Hahn–Banach Theorem holds for $\ell^\infty$. Does it follow that there exists a set of real numbers that is not Lebesgue ...
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1
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Partition into sets of positive outer measure
Let $\mu^{\star}$ denote Lebesgue outer measure. Suppose $X \subseteq [0, 1]$ and $\mu^{\star}(X) > 0$. Can we divide $X$ into uncountably many sets $\{X_i : i \in I\}$ such that for every $i \in I$...
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Measure of a set of irrational numbers
Let $A$ be a set of all irrational numbers $\rho \in (0, 1)$ represented as a continued fraction $\rho=[a_{1}, a_{2},...,a_{n},...],$ such that $a_{n}\leq \text{const}\cdot n^{\epsilon}$ for some $\...
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Axiom of choice and non-measurable set
We know that existence of a Lebesgue non-measurable set follows from the Axiom Of Choice. Is the converse true? That is, does the existence of a Lebesgue non-measurable set imply the Axiom Of Choice?...
9
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1
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Can there be a measurable set that integrals have the same given value if their integral on $\mathbb{R}$ are the same?
We know for an integrable function $f$, if $\int_\mathbb{R} f=1$, then $\forall \lambda\in [0,1] $, there exists a measurable set $E$ that $\int_E f=\lambda$.
Now consider integrable functions $f$ ...
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Which values can attain the minimum solid angle in a simplex
Given a simplex $S$ with a vertex $v$ by the solid angle at this vertex I mean the value $\hbox{vol}(B \cap S)/\hbox{vol}(B)$ where $B$ is a small enough ball centered at $v$ (for example, in the ...
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Can a nowhere differentiable function preserve measurability?
I want to know whether a continuous nowhere differentiable function $f: \mathbf{R} \to \mathbf{R}$ can map Lebesgue measurable sets to Lebesgue measurable sets. More generally I'm interested to know ...
user92157
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1
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Which domain maximizes the energy of the Lebesgue measure?
This could be asked in more generality, but let me stick to a concrete case.
Usually one considers a fixed domain $E \subset \mathbb{C}$ and attaches to it the equilibrium probability measure $\nu_E$...
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Specifying $L^p$ norms of derivatives
Given a sequence of positive numbers $\{a_n\}$ and $1 < p < \infty$, $p\neq 2$, is it possible to build a function $f\in C^\infty(\mathbb R)$ so that $\|f^{(n)}\|_{L^p(\mathbb R)} = a_n$?
For ...
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Is $f(x,y)=\sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}\backslash\{0\}}\frac{1}{n}e^{2\pi i(xn+yn^2)}$ essentially bounded?
Let $$f(x,y)=\sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}\backslash\{0\}}\frac{1}{n}e^{2\pi i(xn+yn^2)}
$$
Is it true that $\|f\|_{L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^2)}<\infty$? i.e. is $f$ essentially bounded?
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How badly can the Lebesgue differentiation theorem fail?
Suppose $f:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$ is integrable. Is it true that
$$
\lim_{r\to 0}\frac{\displaystyle\int_{B_r(0)}f(y)~\mathrm dy}{r^{n-1}}=0 \quad ?
$$
This is obvious if $0$ is a Lebesgue point ...
- 1,037
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4
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Distributional derivatives are locally integrable implies the distribution is also locally integrable?
Let $T$ be a distribution on $\mathbb{R}^n$ such that there are functions $f_1,\ldots,f_n \in L^1_\text{loc}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ so that $\dfrac{\partial T}{\partial x_j} = f_j, \forall j=1,\ldots,n. $
My ...
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For what sets does the Lebesgue Differentiation Theorem hold in one dimension?
Lebesgue's differentiation theorem states that if $x$ is a point in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $f:\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is a Lebesgue integrable function, then the limit of $\frac{\int_B f d\...
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Infering shapes from overlap with a shifting circle
A recent episode of Star Talk Radio discussed among other things the unknown object(s) orbiting Tabby's star (aka "Alien mega structure discovered!" in non-scientific media) and an astronomer said ...
- 9,539
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*-homomorphisms from $L^\infty(0, 1)$ to itself that acts as the identity on continuous functions
Let $\pi: L^\infty([0, 1], \lambda) \rightarrow L^\infty([0, 1], \lambda)$ be a *-homomorphism (where $\lambda$ is the Lebesgue measure on $[0, 1]$), not necessarily normal (otherwise the question is ...
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If a measure $\mu$ and Lebesgue measure $\lambda$ are singular, is the derivative of $\mu$ with respect to $\lambda$ $\infty$, $\mu$-a.e.?
If a positive Radon measure $\mu$ and the Lebesgue measure $\lambda$ are singular, can we show that the derivative of $\mu$ with respect to $\lambda$ is $\infty$, $\mu$-a.e.? Namely, can one show that
...
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Can ITTM recognize a non-measurable set?
Throughout the question ITTM refers to Hamkins' infinite Turing machines, though I will be interested in results related to stronger models.
Recently I was wondering, is it consistent that there is ...
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Shrinking subset and product
Given a segment and a value $c$ less than the segment length, let $A_1,\dots,A_n$ be finite unions of intervals on the segment. We choose a finite union of intervals $B$ with $|B|=c$ that maximizes $|...
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$f$ locally (Lebesgue) integrable function on real line, $g(x):= \lim _{r\to \infty} \frac 1r \int_{x-r}^{x+r} f(t) dt$ exists for every real $x$
Let $f : \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ be a function such that $f \in L^1[-a,a] , \forall a \in (0,\infty)$ and $g(x) : = \lim _{r\to \infty} \dfrac 1r \int_{x-r}^{x+r} f(t) dt$ exists in $\mathbb R$ for ...
user111492
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orthogonal projector onto the set of convex functions
Let $\Omega\subset \mathbb R^d$ be an open, convex domain, and consider the Hilbert space $L^2(\Omega)$. Each sum of convex functions is convex, hence the subset $Conv(\Omega)$ of all convex functions ...
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Extending the Lebesgue measure
The Lebesgue measure $\lambda$ is a function on a subset of the power set of real numbers $\mathbb{R}$ that satisfies the following properties (among others):
(i) $\lambda$ is finitely additive: If $...
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Integrability of log of distance function
Let $E\subset B_1(0)\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a compact set s.t. $\lambda(E)=0$, where $\lambda$ is the Lebesgue measure, and $B_1(0)$ is the Euclidean unit ball centered at the origin. Is the ...
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A problem concerning a divergent function on $[0, 1]$
This problem was posted on another forum and was given at the 1992 Miklós Schweitzer Competition. This competition is known for its very difficult problems and this one seems no exception. I also can'...
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Subset of the reals with zero inner measure and "full" outer measure in $\mathsf{ZF}+\mathsf{DC}$
Working in $\mathsf{ZF}+\mathsf{DC}$ (that is, we are allowed to use Dependent Choice but not full choice), suppose that there exists a non-measurable subset of the unit interval $[0,1]$ (just non-...
6
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2
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Multivariable monotonic function
Let $f(x_1, \dots, x_n)$ be a real function on the $n$-dimensional unit cube (that is, mapping $[0,1]^n \mapsto \mathbb{R}$). Assume furthermore that $f$ is monotonic in every coordinate, and that $f$ ...
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Concentration of volume towards the boundary
Consider a Euclidean space $X$ of large dimension $N$. For a measurable subset $G\subseteq X$ and $\varepsilon>0$ let
$$G_\varepsilon:=\{x\in G\mid B_\varepsilon(x)\subseteq G\}$$
be the set of all ...
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Lebesgue–Stieltjes measure construction on $\mathbb{R}^n$
"Measure Theory and Probability Theory" by Athreya and Lahiri introduces Lebesgue–Stieltjes measure construction on $\mathbb{R}^n$ in general in the following way:
Let $f:\mathbb{R}^2\...
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Natural extensions in ergodic theory / Measurability question
A useful "abstract nonsense" construction in ergodic theory takes a measure-preserving transformation
$T$ of a probability space $(X,\mathcal B,\mu)$ and extends it to an invertible measure-preserving ...
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Existence of a limit of alpha-difference quotient for Hölder functions
Let $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}^d,d\geq 1,$ be an Hölder function with exponent $\alpha\in (0,1)$, meaning that
\begin{equation}
\sup_{x, y \in \mathbb R, \,x\neq y}\frac{|f(x)-f(y)|}{|x-y|^\alpha}<...
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Lebesgue measure of some set of irrational numbers
Let $(i_{n})$ be a strictly increasing sequence of natural numbers,
$(v_{n})$ be an unbounded sequences of natural numbers
and $M\geq 2$. Denote by $\mathcal{I}(i_{n}, v_{n}, M)$ the set of all ...
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Is it known that there is any function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ at all, whose graph has positive outer measure on every rectangle in the plane?
Suppose $\lambda^{*}$ is the Lebesgue outer measure.
Question:
Does there exist an explicit $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$, where:
The range of $f$ is $\mathbb{R}$
For all real $x_1,x_2,y_1,y_2$, where $...
- 1