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In quantum field theory, one usually encounters divergent integral when one calculates loop functions, such as the integral $\int_{0}^{\infty}dkk^{3}\frac{1}{(k^{2}-m^{2})^{2}}$ which is divergent. ...

(1) It is well-known that we can get a Gaussian integral of this type, where $x$ is in $\mathbb{R}$: $$ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} dx e^{-ax^2}=\sqrt{(2\pi)/a}. \tag{i} $$ We can generalize this ...