All Questions
Tagged with gn.general-topology pr.probability
82 questions
-1
votes
1
answer
167
views
Space of distributions on $[0,1]^2$: weakly compact or not?
Let $X_1,X_2$ be distributions on $[0,1]$ and let $X=(X_1,X_2)$ be the joint distribution of $X_1,X_2$. Let $\mathcal{X}$ be the set of all such joint distribution $X$.
Question 1: Does $\mathcal{X}$ ...
- 349
3
votes
0
answers
144
views
What is an example of a non-tight probability measure?
Billingsley (Convergence of Probability Measures, 1968) and van der Vaart and Wellner (Weak Convergence and Empirical Processes, 2023) discuss the concept of tight probability measures and use the ...
- 277
6
votes
0
answers
196
views
Prokhorov's theorem for countably many random measures on a Polish space
I am looking for help to show the following lemma:
Lemma Let $(\Omega,\mathcal A,\mathbb P)$ be a complete, standard Borel probability space and $\mathcal X$ a Polish space. Let $\mathcal P(\mathcal ...
1
vote
2
answers
498
views
Show convergence result
Consider the following sets:
$$
A = \Big\{ x\in X: \Pr\bigg(\lim_{n \to \infty}d\big(p_n, [\ell(x), u(x) ] \big)= 0\bigg)=1 \Big\},
$$
and
$$
A_n = \Big\{ x\in X: d\big(p_n, [\ell(x), u(x) ] \big)...
- 108
4
votes
0
answers
155
views
Known relations between mutual information and covering number?
This is a question about statistical learning theory. Consider a hypothesis class $\mathcal{F}$, parameterized by real vectors $w \in \mathbb{R}^p$. Suppose I have a data distribution $D \sim \mu$ and ...
- 141
2
votes
0
answers
49
views
$\sigma$-compactness of probability measures under a refined topology
Denote Polish spaces $(X, \tau_x)$ and $(Y, \tau_y)$, where $X$ and $Y$ are closed subsets of $\mathbb{R}$. Consider a Borel measurable function $f: (X \times Y, \tau_x \times \tau_y) \rightarrow \...
- 195
4
votes
0
answers
119
views
Is the range of a probability-valued random variable with the variation topology (almost) separable?
Let $X$ and $Y$ be uncountable Polish spaces, $\Delta(Y)$ be the space of Borel probability measures on $Y$ endowed with the Borel $\sigma$-algebra induced by the variation distance, and let $g:X\to \...
3
votes
0
answers
145
views
Eigenvalues of random matrices are measurable functions
I have read that if a random matrix is hermitian then its eigenvalues are continuous, hence also measurable.
If the random matrix is not hermitian, the eigenvalues are not continuous in some cases. ...
- 31
4
votes
1
answer
223
views
Existence of disintegrations for improper priors on locally-compact groups
In wide generality, the disintegration theorem says that Radon probability measures admit disintegrations. I'm trying to understand the case when we weaken this to infinite measures, specifically ...
- 8,502
3
votes
0
answers
173
views
Any reference on Jensen inequality for measurable convex functions on a Hausdorff space?
I asked this question on math.stackexchange and I was suggested that asking it may be more appropriate. This is part of my research which tries to extend some of Choquet's theory to some non-compact ...
- 204
1
vote
0
answers
99
views
Density of Lipschitz functions in Bochner space with bounded support
Let $X$ and $Y$ be separable and reflexive Banach spaces with Schauder bases. Let $\mu$ be a non-zero finite Borel measure on $X$ and let $L^p(X,Y;\mu)$ denote the (Boehner) space of strongly p-...
- 21
0
votes
2
answers
182
views
Show that the set of strictly stationary, mean zero and finite variance stochastic processes is closed (or not)
Let $\mathcal{P}$ be the set of real-valued and strictly stationary processes with expectation zero and finite variance, i.e.:
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{P}:=\left\{ X = (X_t)_{t \in \mathbb{Z}} \, ...
- 135
5
votes
1
answer
254
views
Is the topology of weak+Hausdorff convergence Polish?
Let $X$ be a compact metric space, $P_X$ the set of Borel probability measures on $X$, and $K_X$ the set of non-empty closed subsets of $X$. I will define the "topology of weak+Hausdorff ...
- 698
2
votes
1
answer
428
views
General topology book recommendation for advanced probability theory
I would like to know if anyone could suggest a general topology book for a deeper understanding of probability at advanced level. If there is an advanced topology book oriented to probabilists, I ...
1
vote
1
answer
331
views
Extension of measurable function from dense subset
Let $M$ be a compact riemannian manifold equipped with a geodesic distance and let $\mathcal{B}(M)$ be the borel sigma algebra generated by the geodesic distance. Let $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P})$...
2
votes
3
answers
561
views
Looking for a reference: $f$-divergences are lower semicontinuous
I know that the weak lower semi-continuity of the KL divergence was proved in [1]. If I remember well, the same property is true for any $f$ divergence (with suitable assumptions on the probability ...
- 345
4
votes
1
answer
359
views
Measurability of Markov kernel wrt the Borel $\sigma$-algebra generated by the weak topology
Consider two Polish metric probability spaces $(\mathcal{A}, \Sigma_\mathcal{A})$ and $(\mathcal{B}, \Sigma_\mathcal{B})$, endowed with their Borel $\sigma$-algebras. Denote as $\mathcal{P}_\mathcal{B}...
- 345
1
vote
1
answer
172
views
A question about pushforward measures and Peano spaces
Specifically my question is the following: Let $P$ be a Peano space. If $(P,\sigma,\mu)$ and $(P,\sigma,\nu)$ are both nonatomic probability measures, does there exist a continuous function $f:P\to P$ ...
- 33
1
vote
1
answer
259
views
Is the topology generated by the convergence of finite-dimensional distributions metrizable?
Let $\mathbf{D} := D([0,1]; \mathbb{R}^d)$ be the Skorokhod space (equipped with the Skorokhod metric) of càdlàg functions, and let $X = (X_t)_{t \geq 0}$ be its canonical process. The space of ...
- 309
2
votes
1
answer
159
views
Probability measures on a dense subset
Let $D\subseteq X$ be a dense subset of a separable metric space $X$. Let $P(D)$ and $P(X)$ respectively denote the probability measures on $D$ and on $X$ with their weak topologies. Then, if we ...
- 5,405
2
votes
2
answers
206
views
non-homogeneous counting process
Consider a counting process $\{N(t), t\geq 0\}$ where the time distribution between any two consecutive events, say $k$ and $k+1$ has a Poisson rate $\lambda(k)$, which is an explicit function of $k$....
- 31
3
votes
1
answer
1k
views
"Relative compactness of a family of probability measures" and relative compactness & sequential compactness of sets
I'm studying Billingsley's convergence of probability measures, and wondering why the definition of "Relative compactness of a family of probability measures" reasonable.
In the discussion ...
- 73
2
votes
1
answer
155
views
Covering of discrete probability measures
Let $\mathcal{P}_{n:+}(\mathbb{R})$ denote the set of probability measures on $\mathbb{R}$ for the form $\sum_{i=1}^n k_i \delta_{x_i}$ where $k_i>0$. Then any measure in $\mathcal{P}_{n:+}(\...
- 5,405
3
votes
1
answer
77
views
Continuous selection parameterizing discrete measures
Let $\mathcal{P}_n(\mathbb{R})$ denote the set of probability measures on $\mathbb{R}$ for the form $\sum_{i=1}^n k_i \delta_{x_i}$. Then any measure in $\mathcal{P}_n(\mathbb{R})$ is in the image of ...
- 5,405
1
vote
0
answers
52
views
A local base for space of probability measures with Prohorov metric
Let $S$ be a Polish space. Let $P(S)$ denote the space of probability measures on $(S,\mathcal{B})$, where $\mathcal B$ is the Borel-$\sigma$-algebra over $S$. Equip $P(S)$ with the Prohorov metric. I ...
- 111
2
votes
1
answer
173
views
Polish spaces and isomorphisms
An isomorphism between two measurable spaces $(X_1,\mathcal{B}_1), (X_2,\mathcal{B}_2)$ is a measurable bijection $f:X_1\rightarrow X_2$ whose inverse is also measurable.
QUESTION. Can there be an ...
- 43.2k
3
votes
1
answer
143
views
Density of $C(X,\operatorname{co}\{\delta_y\}_{y \in Y})$ in $C(X,\mathcal{P}(Y))$
Let $X,Y$ be locally-compact Polish spaces, equip the set $\mathcal{P}(Y)$ of probability measures on $Y$ with the weak$^{\star}$ topology (topology of convergence in distribution), and equip $C(X,\...
- 5,405
0
votes
1
answer
282
views
Explicit examples of (probability) measures on $\prod \mathbb{R}$
Let $\prod_{n \in \mathbb{N}} \mathbb{R}$ be equipped with the Tikhonov product of the Euclidean topologies on $\mathbb{R}$ and let $B$ the corresponding Borel $\sigma$-algebra. What is are some ...
- 5,405
-1
votes
2
answers
409
views
$X$ is Polish and $N$ is countable. Is $N^X$ Polish? [closed]
$X$ is a separable, completely metrizable topological space equipped with its sigma algebra of Borel sets. $N$ is a countable space.
$X^N$ is the collection of all mappings from $N$ to $X$. It is ...
- 263
0
votes
0
answers
68
views
Specific property of borelian sigma-algebras
Let X be a set and S a sigma-algebra on X.
Let us name borelian sigma-algebra on X a sigma-algebra that is generated by a topology T on X. Given that it is possible for a set X that some sigma-...
- 2,655
2
votes
1
answer
117
views
Size of the orbit of a dense set
This question is a follow-up to: this post.
Let $X$ be a separable Banach space, $\phi\in C(X;X)$ be an injective continuous non-affine map, and $A$ be a dense $G_{\delta}$ subset of $X$. How big ...
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7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Reference request: norm topology vs. probabilist's weak topology on measures
Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space and $\mathcal{M}(X)$ be the space of regular (e.g. Radon) measures on $X$. There are two standard topologies on $\mathcal{M}(X)$: The (probabilist's) weak topology and ...
- 710
7
votes
1
answer
261
views
Comparison of several topologies for probability measures
Let $X$ be a compact metric space and denote $\mathcal M(X)$ the set of probability measures on $X$. For $\mu\in\mathcal M(X)$ we write $\operatorname{supp} \mu$ for the support of $\mu$. As is well ...
- 243
1
vote
0
answers
151
views
Clarification about the ϵ -net argument
I have been reading the paper Do GANs learn the distribution? Some theory and empirics.
In Corollary D.1, they reference the paper Generalization and Equilibrium in Generative Adversarial Nets which ...
- 19
2
votes
1
answer
203
views
Non-uniqueness in Krylov-Bogoliubov theorem
So apparently the Krylov-Bogoliubov theorem says that every continuous function $f:X\to X$ on a compact metrizable space $X$ has an invariant probability measure $\mu$.
Of course, if $X$ is just a ...
- 24.8k
1
vote
0
answers
67
views
Showing that $b$ is a inner point of $\mathcal{G}$ where $\mathcal{G}$ is a subset of $\mathbb{R}^{N+3}$ determined by $\mathcal{M}^{+}$
Let $(\Xi,\mathscr{E})$ be a measurable space, $(\mathbb{R_{+}},\mathfrak{B})$ other measurable space where $\mathfrak{B}$ a $\sigma$-algebra. We consider the measurable space $(\Xi\times\Xi\times\...
- 19
3
votes
1
answer
232
views
Is there a canonical uniform probability measure on compact subsets of Banach spaces?
One can construct a finite measure on a compact metric space $(X,d)$ by the following procedure:
Fix a non-negative sequence $\{\epsilon_n\}$, $\epsilon_n \to 0$. Let $Y_{\epsilon_n}$ be the minimal ...
- 31
7
votes
0
answers
3k
views
What is vague convergence and what does it accomplish?
For convenience, let's say that I have a locally compact Hausdorff space $X$ and am concerned with probability measures on its Borel $\sigma$-algebra $\mathcal{B}(X)$. Natural vector spaces to ...
- 1,084
1
vote
0
answers
77
views
Random variables with values in binary operations or in topologies of a certain set $X$
I wonder if the following situations have already been considered by mathematicians :
Random variables with values in a set of binary operations endowed
with a certain topology (or just with a $\...
- 129
1
vote
0
answers
90
views
The role of absolute continuity in stochastic ordering defined over sets of probability distributions
This question is about a claim given in this paper (page 261, the remark), but without any proof.
It simply says that if two sets of probability distributions, $\mathscr{P}_0$ and $\mathscr{P}_1$ (...
- 359
2
votes
1
answer
350
views
Measurability of integrals with respect to different measures
Let $Y$ be a locally compact Hausdorff topological space (further assumptions like metrizability, separability, etc., may be added if necessary) and let $\mathscr Y$ denote the Borel $\sigma$-algebra ...
- 395
1
vote
1
answer
290
views
Topologies for which the ensemble of probability measures is complete
I have been struggling quite a bit with reconciling my intuitive understanding of probability distributions with the weird properties that almost all topologies on probability distributions possess.
...
3
votes
1
answer
284
views
Is it possible for a random nowhere dense closed set to have a positive probability of hitting any given point?
Given a compact metrisable topological space $X$, we write $\mathcal{N}(X)$ for the set of non-empty closed nowhere dense subsets of $X$, which is a Polish space under the topology induced by the ...
- 698
8
votes
1
answer
360
views
Can we recover a topological space from the collection of Borel probability measures living on it?
Let $(X, \tau)$ be a topological space, and $\mathcal{P}(X, \tau)$ be the Borel probability measures living on $X$. Can we recover $(X, \tau)$ from $\mathcal{P}(X, \tau)$?
user76098
1
vote
0
answers
33
views
Defining connectivity between K points on a periodic domain in terms of proximity
THE SITUATION:
Begin by taking a periodic strip of length 2*Pi. Then use a uniform distribution to place K points (x1,…, xk) on the strip by assigning each of them a randomly sampled number. Then ...
- 11
4
votes
2
answers
714
views
Polish by compact is Polish?
Let $X,Y$ be separable and metrizable, with $Y$ Polish, and suppose there is a topological quotient map $f:X\to Y$ with compact fibers. Is $X$ Polish?
I have a specific space in mind, so if the ...
- 532
-1
votes
1
answer
148
views
Continuity of function mapping $\mathcal{P}(\mathcal{P}(X))$ to $\mathcal{P}(X)$ [closed]
Given a topological space $Y$, let $\mathcal{P}(Y)$ be the set of all probability measures on $Y$, endowed with the weak* topology.
Let $X$ be a topological space (for convenience, it might be Polish ...
4
votes
1
answer
565
views
convergence of integral for each bounded function in probability
Let $\mu, \mu_1, \mu_2, \dots$ be random measures on
a Polish space (separable completely metrizable topological space) $(S, {\mathcal S})$.
Suppose I know that
$$\int f d \mu_n \to \int f d\mu$$
...
- 255
3
votes
1
answer
340
views
Relatively compact sets in Ky Fan metric space
Let $(\Omega,P,\mathcal{F})$ be a probability space. $X$, $Y$ are two random variables. The Ky Fan metric defined as: $d_F(X,Y)=\inf\{\epsilon: P(|X-Y|> \epsilon)<\epsilon\}$ (or $d'_F(X,Y)=E \...
- 515
1
vote
0
answers
260
views
Generating the sigma algebras on the set of probability measures
I was wondering if somebody could help me see/provide a reference to the following fact: Let $X$ be a metrizable set, $\mathcal{F}$ the corresponding Borel sigma-algebra on $X$, and $\triangle\left(X,\...
- 11