Questions tagged [fibonacci-numbers]
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Nontrivial question about Fibonacci numbers?
I'm looking for a nontrivial, but not super difficult question concerning Fibonacci numbers. It should be at a level suitable for an undergraduate course.
Here is a (not so good) example of the sort ...
45
votes
5
answers
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Fibonacci series captures Euler $e=2.718\dots$
The Fibonacci recurrence $F_n=F_{n-1}+F_{n-2}$ allows values for all indices $n\in\mathbb{Z}$. There is an almost endless list of properties of these numbers in all sorts of ways. The below question ...
28
votes
4
answers
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Is 8 the largest cube in the Fibonacci sequence?
Can you prove that 8 is the largest cube in the Fibonacci sequence?
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answers
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Reciprocals of Fibonacci numbers
Is the sum of the reciprocals of Fibonacci numbers a transcendental?
20
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Non-enumerative proof that, in average, less than 50% of tiles in domino tiling of 2-by-n rectangle are vertical?
Is there a non-enumerative proof that, in average, less than 50% of tiles in domino tiling of 2-by-n rectangle are vertical?
It is a nice exercise with rational generating functions (or equivalently, ...
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A rational function related to Fibonacci numbers
Let $F_n$ denote a Fibonacci number ($F_1=F_2=1$,
$F_{n+1}=F_n+F_{n-1}$ for $n\geq 2$). Define
$$\prod_{k=1}^n (1+x^{F_{k+1}}) = \sum_j f(n,j)x^j. $$
For a positive integer $r$ let
$$ v_r(n) = \sum_j ...
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votes
1
answer
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Complexity of a Fibonacci numbers discrete log variation
In my work I encountered the following
FIBMOD PROBLEM:
Given $k,m$ in binary, decide if there exists $n$ such that
$\, F_n = k \,$ (mod $m$). Here $F_n$ is a Fibonacci number.
This is a variation ...
16
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2
answers
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Number of coefficients equal to $k$ in certain "Fibonacci polynomials"
Let $F_i$ denote the $i$th Fibonacci number (with $F_1=F_2=1$). Define
$$ P_n(x) = \prod_{i=1}^n (1+x^{F_{i+1}}). $$
Let $\nu_k(n)$ denote the number of coefficients of the polynomial $P_n(x)$
that ...
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votes
3
answers
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On the finite sum of reciprocal Fibonacci sequences
I want to check if $$\left\lfloor \left( \sum_{k=n}^{2n}{\frac{1}{F_{2k}}} \right)^{-1} \right\rfloor =F_{2n-1}~~(n\ge 3) \tag{$*$}$$ where $\lfloor x \rfloor$ is th floor function.
The Fibonacci ...
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The Fibonacci sequence modulo $5^n$
Let $(F_k)_{k=0}^\infty$ be the classical Fibonacci sequence, defined by the recursive formula $F_{k+1}=F_k+F_{k-1}$ where $F_0=0$ and $F_1=1$.
For every $n\in\mathbb N$ let $\pi(n)$ be the smallest ...
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answer
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Possible small mistake in Bilu-Hanrot-Voutier paper on primitive divisors of Lehmer sequences (?)
I think that I might have spotted I small mistake (a missing $5$-defective Lehmer pair) in the classification of terms of Lehmer sequences without primitive divisors given in:
1 Bilu, Hanrot, and ...
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answers
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Equivalence of primes based on the partition of their Pisano periods
The period of Fibonacci numbers modulo $m$ is called Pisano period and its length is denoted as $\pi(m)$. Define the Pisano partition of $m$ as the set partition of the indices $\{0,1,\dotsc,\pi(m)-1\}...
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Why do convoluted convolved Fibonacci numbers pop up from this triangle?
Start with this triangle (OEIS A118981). This triangle is simple to generate with the following recurrence relation (though $T(0,0)$ ends up different from the OEIS version):
$$
T(0,0) = 2;T(1,0) = 1;...
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The smallest sequence without differences among Fibonacci numbers
Given a subset $\mathcal S\subset \mathbb N\setminus\{0\}$
of (strictly) positive integers, we can consider subsets
$A$ of $\mathbb N$ (or $\mathbb Z$) with no differences in
$\mathcal S$.
Examples: ...
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Binary iterations, Fibonacci numbers and permutation of natural numbers
Let $\operatorname{wt}(n)$ be A000120, i.e. the number of $1$'s in binary expansion of $n$ (or the binary weight of $n$).
Also let's consider
$$\ell(n)=\left\lfloor\log_{2} n\right\rfloor$$
and
$$T(n,...
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answer
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Why doesn't the number of ones in the binary representation of Fibonacci numbers grow linearly? [closed]
I am a third-year computer science student. I am interested, why doesn't the number of ones in the binary representation of Fibonacci numbers grow linearly? I would expect it to grow linearly all the ...
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1
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Proof of an unknown source Fibonacci identity with double modulo
Many years ago, I saw the following Fibonacci identity from somewhere online, without proof:
Let usual $F(n)$ be Fibonacci numbers with $F(0) = 0, F(1) = 1$, then we have
$$F(n) = \left(p ^ {n + 1} \...
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answer
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Golden ratio base
Let $\phi$ be the golden ratio and look at real numbers as expansions in digits from base $\phi + 1$. Has this base been considered or studied anywhere?
Note that integers in this base are palindromes ...
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Reference for formula expressing products of two Fibonacci numbers in Zeckendorf-basis
It is well-known folklore that every natural integer has a unique Zeckendorf expansion as a
sum over a finite set of Fibonacci numbers containing no pair of consecutive Fibonacci numbers.
It is easy ...
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Is there a closed form of $ \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{\frac{\phi^{xk}}{k!_F}}$
where $\phi = \frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}$ and $k!_F$ is the fibonorial of $k$, or the product of the first $k$ Fibonacci numbers? My hunch is that, this can be represented as a function in terms of the ...
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Is this case of a generalised partition equivalent to Fibonacci numbers?
Let $k=m+\sum^{m+1}_{j=1} a_j$ such that $a,m,k\in\mathbb{N}$ and $a_1$ or $a_{m+1}\geq 0$ with all other $a\geq1$. Note that we assume natural numbers start from $0$ and we have the restriction that $...
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Splitting natural numbers into subsets with sums equal to A066258
Let $F(n)$ be A000045 i.e. Fibonacci numbers. Here
$$
F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2), \\
F(0) = 0, F(1) = 1
$$
Let $a(n)$ be A066258 i.e.
$$
a(n) = F(n)^2F(n+1)
$$
Let $b(n)$ be A345253 i.e. maximal ...
2
votes
0
answers
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Conjecture about primes and Fibonacci numbers
I posted this conjecture on math.stackexchange, but I received no answer proving or disproving it: if $ m > 4 $ is a positive integer not divisible by $ 2 $ or $ 3 $, it's ever possible to find a ...
2
votes
0
answers
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My Fibonacci Formula (with combinatorics) [closed]
I'm a high school student, and was playing around with pascals triangle. and ended up taking (weird) diagonals. And I saw Fibonacci numbers, from the sum of the diagonals.
Pascall's triangle is just ...
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Can all (inverse) trigonometric functions with periodic iterates be characterized?
I wonder whether all (composites of) trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions with periodic functional iterations can be found. In order to specify what I mean by that, let's introduce some ...
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Fibonacci with seeds, modulo $n$
Let $n\in\mathbb{N}$ be an integer with $n>1$. For $x_0, x_1 \in \mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ we define the map $\text{fib}_{n, x_0, x_1}: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ by
$0 \mapsto x_0, 1 \...
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1
answer
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Explicit formula for Fibonacci numbers; compositions of $n$
A Fibonacci-type sequence is a sequence with two seed-values, $F_1$ and $F_2$, and which, for all $n>2$, abides by the recurrence relation $F_n = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2}$. If $F_1 = F_2 = s$, then the $n$...
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Tiling a square with similar non-congruent rectangles. What is the aspect ratio of the rectangles as n grows large?
I recently saw a question here on mathoverflow: «For what n and t can a square be partitioned into n similar rectangles in t congruence classes?», where Joseph Gordon gave a proof that, indeed, a ...
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On a Fibonacci and binary
Let F(n) be A000045 i.e. Fibonacci numbers. Here
$$
F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2), \\
F(0) = 0, F(1) = 1
$$
Let
$$
\ell(n) = \left\lfloor\log_2 n\right\rfloor
$$
Let
$$
T(n, k) = \left\lfloor\frac{n}{2^k}\...
1
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0
answers
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Slightly modified program for the A345253 such that specific partial sums equal A066258
Let $F(n)$ be A000045 i.e. Fibonacci numbers. Here
$$
F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2), \\
F(0) = 0, F(1) = 1
$$
Let $a(n)$ be A345253 i.e. maximal Fibonacci tree: arrangement of the positive integers as ...
1
vote
0
answers
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Recurrences (based on Fibonacci numbers) for the first differences of numbers filtred by equality of binary functions
First we need to set some binary functions:
Let
$$\ell(n)=\left\lfloor\log_2 n\right\rfloor$$
Let $\operatorname{wt}(n)$ be A000120, i.e., $1$'s-counting sequence: number of $1$'s in binary expansion ...
0
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1
answer
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Density of "Fibonacci friends"
Let $F$ be the set of all integers $n>1$ such that in the Fibonacci sequence modulo $n$, the value $0$ occurs infinitely often. What is the value of $\lim\sup_{n\to\infty}\frac{|F\cap\{0,\ldots,n\}|...
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1
answer
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Fibonacci and product polynomials
The motivation for my current question arises from this MO post by R. Stanley. Caveat. There's a slight alteration.
With the convention $F_1=F_2=1$ for the Fibonacci numbers, define the polynomials $...
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votes
0
answers
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Stolarsky representation from Zeckendorf representation with some pairs of bits inverted
Let $a(n)$ be A200714 i.e. Stolarsky representation interpreted as binary to decimal integers.
Let $b(n)$ be A003714 i.e. Fibbinary numbers (Zeckendorf representation interpreted as binary to decimal ...
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Constructing a pair of complementary sequences with the perfect differences
Let $F_n$ be A000045, i.e. Fibonacci numbers. Here
$$
F_n = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2}, \\
F_0 = 0, F_1 = 1
$$
Let $g(n,m)$ be A257961. Here
$$
g(n, m) = mF_{n-1} \operatorname{mod} F_n
$$
Let
$$
\varphi=\...
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answers
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Chains in tilings with the aperiodic monotile
This is starting with any given infinite tiling of the plane by the aperiodic "hat" monotile, where chains of similarly oriented tiles are colored as in Figure 2.2 on p. 10 in the original ...
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Avoiding the Fibonacci numbers
For given positive integers $a$ and $b$, let $(a,b)$ be "special" if
$an+b$ is not a Fibonacci number for every positive integer $n$.
For instance, $(8,4)$ and $(8,6)$ are special.
There are ...
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What are the hidden assumptions behind Harvey Friedman's claim, CSR?
I'm doing some archeology and trying to understand a claim. As summed up by David Roberts, on the FOM list in 2011:
Let the statement "every infinite sequence of rationals in [0,1] has an ...
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Requesting proof of closed form of sum involving Fibonacci and Lucas numbers
$$ \sum_{n=0}^{k+1}\frac{3F_{n+1}-L_{n+1}}{2n!}\frac{(k+1)!}{(k-n+1)!}x^{k-n+1}=(\varphi+x)^k\left(\frac{\sqrt{5}}{5}-\frac{\sqrt{5}-5}{10}x\right)+(\psi+x)^k\left(\frac{\sqrt{5}+5}{10}x-\frac{\sqrt{5}...
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A generalization of Vajda's identity [closed]
I discovered the identity below which generalizes Vajda's identity concerning Fibonacci Numbers. The identity states that:
if $F_r$ is the rth Fibonacci number, then
$$F_{n+i+x-z}F_{n+j+y+z}-F_{n+x+y-...