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1 vote
0 answers
84 views

Does sets of positive capacity rule out constant functions?

Let $U\subset \Bbb R^d$ be bounded with Lipschitz boundary $K\subset \bar{U}$ be compact. The capacity of $K$ in $U$ is defined by \begin{align*} \text{Cap}_{p}(K, U) := \inf \left\{ \int_U |\...
1 vote
1 answer
59 views

Embedding of domain of fractional power of Laplacian into Sobolev space for cylindrical domains

On a bounded domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^d, d\geq 2$ with smooth boundary, it is well known that for the Dirichlet Laplacian $\Delta_D$, $D((-\Delta_D)^\frac12) = H^1_0(\Omega)$. I'm interested ...
10 votes
1 answer
2k views

Chain rule for distributional derivative

Let $V \subset H \subset V^*$ be a Gelfand triple (eg. $H^1 \subset L^2 \subset H^{-1}$). Let $u \in L^2(0,T;V)$ have a distributional derivative $u' \in L^2(0,T;V^*)$. So $\int_0^T u(t)\varphi'(t) = ...
2 votes
0 answers
83 views

3/2 Sobolev Norm on the boundary of a bounded open subset of $\Bbb R^n$

Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}$ be a open bounded set and $\partial\Omega$ be the boundary of $\Omega$. Following the reference text by Alois Kufner, Oldřich John and Svatopluk Fučík, Function ...
6 votes
1 answer
246 views

The sharpest regularity result of elliptic PDEs: conditions on the variable coefficients

Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be open and bounded with a sufficiently smooth boundary. Let $L$ be a second order differential operator with variable coefficients, given by $$Lu = \partial_i(a^{ij}...
2 votes
1 answer
75 views

How to show $\lVert\Delta u_n- \Delta u\rVert_{L^2(0,T; \,H^2(\Omega))} \to 0$ ? $(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2)$

Let $u_n, \nabla u_n, \Delta u_n, \nabla \Delta u_n, \Delta^2 u_n$ be uniformly bounded in $L^2((0,T) \times \Omega)$ where $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2, u=\Delta u =0$ on $\partial \Omega$. Assume ...
3 votes
1 answer
187 views

Is this property preserved under weak$^*$ convergence?

Let $1 \le p < n$ and let $p^*$ be the Sobolev conjugate of $p$, i.e. $p^* = np/(n - p)$. Let $(\Omega_m)$ be an increasing sequence of bounded, convex and open sets such that $$ \lim_{m \to \infty}...
0 votes
0 answers
80 views

Relationship between two minimization problems

Let $1 \le p < n$ and $p^* = np/(n - p)$. Let $B \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a closed ball and let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be an open set containing $B$. We denote by $W^{1, p}_{B}(\Omega)$ the ...
5 votes
2 answers
364 views

Euler-Lagrange equations for minimizer of energy with indicator function

I'm looking for a modern explanation/proof of the derivation of Euler-Lagrange (or first-order or the "first variation") conditions for $$\min_{u \in H^1_0(\Omega), u \geq 0} \int_\Omega |\...
3 votes
0 answers
90 views

Sobolev embedding on a compact manifold without boundary

I am reading M. E. Taylor, "Partial Differential Equations III", Second Edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, (1996). In chapter 13, section 2, in Prop. 2.3 and Prop. 2.4, one finds the ...
2 votes
0 answers
103 views

A question from a proof of an inequality in Sobolev space $W^{1,1}$

I try to understand the proof the lemma given at page 54 in Ladyzhenskaya et al (1968) - Linear and Quasilinear Elliptic Equations. Here it is a screenshot: Here is what I did: $$-u(x)=u(y)-u(x)=\...
4 votes
3 answers
308 views

Intriguing simple question about Sobolev space $W^{1,p}(\Omega)$

Let $w_1,w_2\in W^{1,p}(\Omega)$ be two functions with $w_1,w_2>0$ and $\dfrac{w_2}{w_1},\dfrac{w_1}{w_2}\in L^{\infty}(\Omega)$, where $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N$ is a bounded domain (i.e. open ...
6 votes
1 answer
331 views

If $t \to \lVert f(\cdot,t) \rVert_{L^2_x}^2$ is absolutely continuous, can we interchange the spatial integral and time derivative? (from MSE)

I originally posted this question on MSE. But it seems more nontrivial than expected, so I guess MO is a more appropriate place to ask. I repeat the question for the sake of completeness: Let $f(x,t) ...
3 votes
1 answer
376 views

A more general product rule for weak derivatives?

Consider that $u_1,u_2:\Omega\to (0,\infty)$ where $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N$ is an open set. We know that $u_1,u_2\in W^{1,p}(\Omega)$ for some $p>1$ and $\dfrac{u_1}{u_2},\ \dfrac{u_2}{u_1}\in L^...
2 votes
0 answers
92 views

Sharp Sobolev trace inequalities on Riemannian manifolds with boundaries

For $n \geq3$, let $(M,g)$ be smooth $n$-dimensional, compact, Riemannian manifold with a smooth boundary. Then there exists some constant $A=A(M,g)>0$ such that, for all $u \in H^1(M)$ \begin{...
2 votes
1 answer
117 views

Special density on $L^2$

Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N$ be a bounded domain, and $u\in L^2(\Omega)$ with $0\leq u(x)\leq 1$ a.e. on $\Omega$. It is well known that $C^{\infty}_c(\Omega)$ is dense in $L^2(\Omega)$. Because $C^...
3 votes
0 answers
167 views

Bounding the $L^{p*}$ norm from below for functions satisfying a $p$-capacity estimate

If $1 \le p < n$, the $p$-capacity of a compact set $A \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ with respect to an open set $U$ containing it is defined as $$\text{Cap}_p(A, U) := \inf \left\{\int_U |\nabla u|^p \, ...
8 votes
0 answers
177 views

Understanding spaces of negative regularity

I apologize if this question is too basic for this site, but I posted it on mathSE and did not get any responses (link can be found here) so I'm crossposting it here. Let $C^k(\mathbb{R}^n$) be the ...
3 votes
0 answers
147 views

Embeddings of Bochner-Sobolev spaces with second time derivative

NOTE: I also asked this question here in MSE. In the weak theory of evolution PDEs, the Bochner-Sobolev spaces are frequently used. For $a,b \in \mathbb{R}$ and $X,Y$ banach spaces, we define these ...
3 votes
3 answers
228 views

References for well-posedness of weak solutions to Stefan problem

Can anyone recommend me any papers/texts that deal with the existence off weak solutions of the one-phase (or other) Stefan problem, or in general any sort of free boundary problem (for a beginner)? ...
0 votes
0 answers
55 views

Time regularity vs space regularity for parabolic PDE

Suppose that there exist separable Hilbert spaces $V, H, X$ such that $V\hookrightarrow H\hookrightarrow X\hookrightarrow V'\,$ continuously, where $V'$ denotes the dual of the Hilbert space $V$. Let ...
7 votes
1 answer
1k views

Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator on entire plane

According to the answers in the the following questions: How to prove the spectrum of the Laplace operator? and What is spectrum for Laplacian in $\mathbb{R}^n$ , the spectrum of the Laplace operator $...
3 votes
0 answers
128 views

Image of trace operator on $W^{2,1}(\mathbb{R}^2)$

It is known that for a domain $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ with $C^1$ boundary $\partial\Omega$, that the trace operator is bounded and surjective from $T:W^{1,1}(\Omega)\to L^1(\partial\Omega)$. For ...
2 votes
0 answers
56 views

Fractional powers of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map to derive estimate for PDE

Assume $\Omega$ is an open, bounded subset of $\mathbb R^3$ with smooth boundary $\partial \Omega= \Gamma$. For $u \in H^{1/2}(\Gamma)$, let $U \in H^1(\Omega)$ denote the weak solution of the ...
9 votes
1 answer
639 views

Prove J.L. Lions’s Lemma without using Fourier transform

When I read the book Linear and Nonlinear Functional Analysis with Applications, I came across J.L. Lions's Lemma (the book doesn't give a proof), which states Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^n$ be a ...
4 votes
1 answer
458 views

Contractivity of Neumann Laplacian

I have an intriguing and probably simple question: reading the articles and books of Wolfgang Arendt on semigroups of linear operators, I found on many places properties of the Neumann Laplacian. In ...
1 vote
1 answer
137 views

Can functions with "big" discontinuities be in $H^1$?

How can I prove that the function: $$u:\Omega\to\mathbb{R},\ u(x)=\begin{cases} 0, x\in\omega \\[3mm] v(x), x\in\Omega\setminus\omega\end{cases}$$ is not in $H^1(\Omega)$, knowing that $v\geq 1$ is ...
4 votes
1 answer
147 views

Embeddings of the maximal domain for the Laplacian

Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a bounded smooth domain and $n \geq 2$. Consider the subspace of $L^2$-functions whose distributional Laplacian is also an $L^2$-function: $$D = \left\{ f \in L^2(\...
3 votes
1 answer
296 views

Weighted Lebesgue space with exponential weights: smoothing effect and properties

I am researching whether there are weighted Lebesgue spaces of the type $$ \left\{ f\omega(x)\in L^p(\mathbb{R}^n):\|f\|_{L^p_\omega}=\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}|f|^p\omega^p(x)\,dx< \infty,\right\} $$ ...
2 votes
1 answer
102 views

Show $v(x,t) \in L^2([0,T];H^2(\mathbb{R}))$ when $v(x,t)$ is a transformation of a $L^2([0,T];H^2(\mathbb{R}))$ function

Context: I am reading a paper on Long-Time Asymptotics of the thin film equations, in which the authors consider the strong solutions of the thin film equation in 1-D and transform them using a time-...
8 votes
1 answer
496 views

A fractional weighted Poincaré inequality

Does there exists a constant $C>0$ such that $$ \int_{-1}^1 \lvert x\rvert\lvert\partial_x u\rvert^2 \,dx \geq C\, \lVert u\rVert^2_{H^{1/2}((-1,1))},$$ for all $u\in C^{\infty}_0((-1,1))$?
2 votes
0 answers
164 views

$H^s$-mild solution for Navier–Stokes : why do we restrict attention to the function spaces "without Fourier zero mode"? (Related to Terence Tao blog)

This question has been triggered by the Definition 32 and Remark 33 in the blog of Terence Tao. There, every function space is restricted to ones without the Fourier zeroth mode. And the Remark 33 ...
13 votes
3 answers
2k views

Sobolev spaces and geometry

This is a very naive question, is there a way to geometrically understand Sobolev spaces without going through analysis and PDE's? To my knowledge, Sobolev spaces where created precisely to study PDE'...
2 votes
1 answer
620 views

On norm of the Sobolev space $H^2(\Omega)$, $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n; n \geq 2$

Let the Sobolev space $H^2(\Omega)$ be defined with the norm $\|u\|_{H^2(\Omega)}=\Big(\sum_{|\alpha|\leq 2})\|D^{\alpha}u\|^2_{L^2(\Omega)}\Big)^\frac{1}{2}$. I have found in several research ...
3 votes
1 answer
338 views

On a Poincaré inequality with weight

Let $\Omega$ be a bounded convex (non-empty) open subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ ($\Omega$ can be as smooth as you like). Let also $p, q > 1$ be conjugate exponents. Is it true that there exists a ...
4 votes
2 answers
781 views

Is there any bilinear Poincaré/Sobolev inequality?

Is the following, I call it bilinear Poincaré inequality, true? Let $\Omega$ be an open bounded set in $\mathbf R^n\DeclareMathOperator{\dL}{d\!}$. There exists $C > 0$ such that for any $u, v \in ...
2 votes
0 answers
160 views

Understanding the Bochner space $W^{1,q}\bigl([0,T], L^p(U) \bigr)$ in terms of the Fréchet derivative

In the context of linear parabolic equations, the Sobolev space $W^{1,q}\bigl([0,T], L^p(U) \bigr)$ appears all the time. Here, $U$ is some bounded region of $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $1<p,q<\infty$. ...
2 votes
0 answers
153 views

Riesz’s representation theorem in a weak form

Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain with smooth boundary in $\mathbb{R}^N$ $(N\geq 3)$, $\phi\in H_0^1(\Omega)$ is a solution of $$ \begin{cases}\Delta \phi+ \phi=h & \text { in } \Omega, \\ \phi=0 &...
1 vote
0 answers
109 views

$L^2(0,\infty;L^2(\Omega))$ estimate on solution of heat equation with Neumann boundary condition

Let $u$ be a solution of $$u' - \Delta u = 0 \quad\text{on $\Omega$}$$ $$\partial_\nu u = 0\quad\text{in $\partial \Omega$}$$ $$u(t=0)=u_0\quad\text{on $\Omega$}$$ where $\Omega$ is a bounded ...
0 votes
1 answer
102 views

Limit of minimizers of a class of functionals

Assume that $ \Omega $ is a smooth bounded domain in $ \mathbb{R}^n $. Consider a functional $$ \mathcal{F}(u)=\int_\Omega(|\nabla u|^2+h^{-1}|u-u_0|^2) \, dx $$ where $ h>0 $ is a parameter and $ ...
0 votes
1 answer
154 views

Finite dimensionality of a subspace

Let $c>0$ and let $Y$ be the space of all distributions of compact support in $(-1,1)$ with singular support at $\{0\}$. Let $X$ be subspace of $Y$ such that for any $\phi \in X$ there holds: $$ \...
3 votes
0 answers
102 views

Can Sobolev space be characterized by spectral decomposition?

Consider a homogeneous Carnot group $\mathbb{G}$ with step $r$. Let $X_1,\cdots,X_m$ be the first layer of its Lie algebra. Denote by $\mathcal{L}=-\sum_{i=1}^m X_i^2$ the sub-Laplacian on $\mathbb{G}$...
2 votes
1 answer
154 views

Function monotony between [0,T] and $L^2$

Let $\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^N$ be a bounded and smooth domain. If $z:[0,T]\to L^2(\Omega)$ is a function in $H^1([0,T],L^2(\Omega))$ with the property that $z'(t)(x):=z'(t,x)>0$ a.e. on $\Omega$ ...
5 votes
1 answer
216 views

Bounds on dimension of a subspace

Let $I=(0,1)$ and let $C>1$ be a constant. Let $L^2(I)$ and $H^1(I)$ be the standard Sobolev spaces on $I$. Suppose that $U$ is a subspace of $H^1(I)$ with the additional property that: $$ \| u\|_{...
0 votes
0 answers
142 views

Is $C^\infty(\Omega) \cap W^{s_1,p_1}(\Omega)$ dense in $W^{s_2,p_2}(\Omega)$ if $W^{s_1,p_1}(\Omega) \subset W^{s_2,p_2}(\Omega)$?

Background: The proof of Theorem 6.4 in http://mate.dm.uba.ar/~jrossi/Fractional-1-lapla-07_02_2015.pdf, I want to use the density that $C^\infty(\Omega) \cap W^{r_0,q_0}(\Omega) \cap L^2(\Omega)$ is ...
3 votes
0 answers
88 views

Using a maximum principle to deduce regularity

Suppose $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}$ is an bounded domain and that $u \in C(0,T; H^{2}) \cap L^{2}(0,T; H^{3})$ where $T >0$. Consider the PDE on $\Omega \times [0,T]$ $$ \partial_{t}u = a_{1}(x,t) \...
3 votes
0 answers
209 views

Interpolation between Sobolev spaces

In the classical book $Interpolation$ $Spaces$ by Joran Bergh and Jorgen Lofstrom, the Sobolev norm is defined by $$\|f\|_{H_p^s}=\|D^sf\|_{L^p}$$ where $D^sf$ is defined by the Fourier transform $$(D^...
2 votes
0 answers
259 views

Research in analysis of PDEs

I am currently figuring out what topic to work on for my undergraduate thesis and was able to narrow it down to mathematical analysis. As of now, I have two main options: a thesis working on Sobolev ...
1 vote
0 answers
52 views

A question of interpolation space on homogeneous Carnot group

Let $\mathbb{G}$ be the homogeneous Carnot group on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ defined as follows: A homogeneous Lie group $\mathbb{G}=(\mathbb{R}^{n},\circ)$ is called a homogeneous Carnot group (or a ...
5 votes
2 answers
937 views

Second order differentiability of subharmonic function almost everywhere?

The following general definition of subharmonic function comes from the classical text book [elliptic partial differential equations of second order] by Gilbarg and Trudinger. We call a function $u$ ...

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