All Questions
10,050 questions
12
votes
2
answers
680
views
Non-sequential spaces in the wild
TLDR: What are examples of (function-)spaces that are not sequential? When does this matter?
As a simple analyst, I am most happy if I can just work with sequences all the time. In most situations ...
- 779
12
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Is there a physical reason that fields in QFT are globally defined?
I have been trying to read a physics textbook on Quantum Field theory. There seems to me to be a bit of a disconnect in most texts I have looked at between quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, ...
- 7,952
12
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Riesz–Markov–Kakutani representation theorem for compact non-Hausdorff spaces
Let $X$ be a compact Hausdorff topological space, and $\mathcal C^0 (X) = \{f:X\to\mathbb{R}; \ f \text{ is continuous }\}$. It is well known that for any bounded linear functional $\phi: \mathcal C^...
- 333
12
votes
2
answers
2k
views
How to think about dual space of a certain space of Lipschitz functions
Consider the following Banach space (for concreteness):
$$X=Lip(\bar{\mathbb{B}}^n)=\{f\in C^0(\bar{\mathbb{B}}^n): \Vert f \Vert_L<\infty \}$$
where
$$
\bar{\mathbb{B}}^n=\{\mathbf{x}\in \mathbb{...
- 2,478
12
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Reference for invariance of essential spectrum under relatively compact perturbations
I'm looking for a proof of the following statement:
Let $X$ be a Banach space and $T$ be a closed map on $X$. For any relatively compact map $A$ the essential spectrum of $T$ and $T+A$ are the same.
...
- 191
12
votes
1
answer
838
views
A measure theory question
Here's an interesting problem one can formulate for a student. This problem arises when considering special ergodic theorems:
On a finite dimensional manifold $M$ with a Lebesgue measure $\mu$, does ...
- 1,143
12
votes
3
answers
530
views
Making an l_2 distance out of l_1 distance
If we think of the l1 distance as a grid-distance between points, then we can think of l2 distance as what we get when we "shortcut" the grid by going "inside" a cell.
Making the grid finer doesn't ...
- 4,462
12
votes
1
answer
353
views
smooth Luzin theorem
For measurable functions $f(x)$, $g(x)$ on $[0,1]$ define the distance $\rho(f,g)$ as a Lebesgue measure of the set $\{x:f(x)\ne g(x)\}$. Then Luzin's famous theorem states that $C[0,1]$ is dense with ...
- 109k
12
votes
1
answer
393
views
Can a non-commutative C*-algebra be a minimal operator space?
By an operator space structure on a Banach space $X$ I mean a sequence of norms on spaces $M_n \otimes X$ that satisfies Ruan's axioms.
Among such admissible sequences there is always the smallest ...
- 5,005
12
votes
2
answers
547
views
Balls in spaces of operators
I am interested in some geometrical aspects of spaces $L(E)$, of bounded operators on a given Banach space $E$. I am unable to estimate if my problem deserves to be asked at MO, but let me try.
Is ...
- 121
12
votes
3
answers
3k
views
Infinitesimal generators of stochastic processes
What's the $L^1$ analogue of Stone's theorem saying that any strongly continuous 1-parameter unitary groups has a unique self-adjoint generator?
More precisely: let $X$ be a measure space ($\sigma$-...
- 22.3k
12
votes
1
answer
885
views
bornological vector spaces over a non-archimedean field
Let $k$ be a complete non-archimedean field. In definitions I have seen of bornological vector spaces over $k$ there are usually some extra assumptions on the non-archimedean field. For instance in '...
- 1,180
12
votes
1
answer
908
views
Equivalence of σ-convex hull and closed convex hull
Let $X$ be a locally convex topological space, and let $K \subset X$ be a compact set. Recalling that the standard convex hull is defined as
$$\text{co}(K) = \Big\{ \sum_{i=1}^n a_i x_i : a_i \geq 0,\,...
- 123
12
votes
2
answers
811
views
Nuclear operators/spaces and transfer operators
While studying for my thesis (in dynamical systems) I've encountered multiple times with the concept of nuclear operators and nuclear spaces, often linked with the works of Grothendieck. For example, ...
- 293
12
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Uniform boundedness of an $L^2[0,1]$-ONB in $C[0,1]$
Assume that we have an orthonormal basis of smooth functions in $L^2[0,1]$. Are there useful practical criteria to determine whether the sup-norm of the basis functions has a uniform bound? I am sure ...
- 4,729
12
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Smoothness of distance function to a compact set
Fix a non-empty compact subset $K\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ and let $d_K(x):=\min_{z \in K} \,\|z-x\|$ be the map sending any $x\in \mathbb{R}^n$ to its distance from $K$.
Suppose that:
$K$ is regular : ...
- 5,405
12
votes
1
answer
575
views
Is $\ell_p$ $(1<p<\infty)$ finitely isometrically distortable?
Let $Y$ be a Banach space isomorphic to $\ell_p$, $1<p<\infty$. Is it true that any finite subset of $\ell_p$ is isometric to some finite subset of $Y$?
It seems to me that it is an interesting ...
- 4,878
12
votes
1
answer
727
views
Schemes over topological rings
I have recently been interested in studying an extension of 'usual' algebraic geometry to take into account the topology of $R$ in the definition of the affine scheme $\mathrm{Spec}\, (R)$ when the ...
- 1,270
12
votes
2
answers
878
views
The ground state is signed and symmetric
Background
In Berestycki and Lions it is asserted that (on page 316), if I am not misreading, that the "ground state", i.e. action minimizer among nontrivial solutions, corresponding to the action
$$...
- 39.1k
12
votes
1
answer
329
views
Ideals in smooth subalgebras of C*-algebras
Let $B$ be a $C^{*}$-algebra and $\mathcal{B}$ a dense *-subalgebra stable under holomorphic functional calculus and $C^{1}$-functional calculus for selfadjoint elements. Also, $\mathcal{B}$ is a ...
- 213
12
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Reference on Minty's trick
I am searching for a precise reference for the following result:
Consider $f:\mathbb{R}_+\rightarrow\mathbb{R}_+$ a nondecreasing function.
Assume that a sequence of nonnegative functions $(u_n)_n$ ...
- 3,425
12
votes
1
answer
859
views
Who first found this characterization of Lebesgue integration?
Write $L^1$ for the Banach space $L^1([0, 1])$. Given $f \in L^1$, define $f_1, f_2 \in L^1$ by
$$
f_1(x) = f(x/2),
\qquad
f_2(x) = f((x + 1)/2).
$$
Let $I = \int_0^1$. Then $I$ is the unique ...
- 27.7k
12
votes
1
answer
1k
views
List of all known Riesz representation theorems
Due to the history and development of measure and integration theory and different mathematical schools, there is a huge variety and inconsistency of definitions for concepts like tightness of a ...
- 1,773
12
votes
1
answer
217
views
A variant of $\ell^2$-cochains
Suppose $X$ is an infinite countable CW complex which satisfies the following property: for all $k$-cells $e$, the number of $(k+1)$-cells incident to $e$ is at most $c_k$, where the latter is some ...
- 18.8k
12
votes
1
answer
927
views
On an Inequality of Lars Hörmander
Let $P(z)$ be a non-null complex polynomial in $\nu$ variables $z=(z_1,\dots,z_n)$ of degree $\mu$:
\begin{equation}
P(z)=\sum_{|\alpha| \leq \mu} c_{\alpha} z^{\alpha},
\end{equation}
where as usual ...
- 642
12
votes
1
answer
494
views
Does hypoellipticity imply the existence of a parametrix?
Let $M$ be a smooth manifold, like $\mathbb{R}^n$ for instance. The existence of a parametrix for an operator $P$ on $C^\infty(M)$ in any reasonable pseudodifferential calculus implies that $P$ is ...
- 853
12
votes
1
answer
735
views
Parametrisations for null temperature functions: nonuniqueness of solutions to the heat equation
Disclaimer. I expect this is a highly open problem, but maybe I'm wrong and someone has come up with some answers besides those given here. In any case, all information appreciated, thanks!
Definition....
- 1,990
12
votes
1
answer
191
views
Spectra on different spaces
This is a method request: I am looking for techniques that allow me to investigate problems like this:
Let $T_1: \ell^1 \rightarrow \ell^1$ be a bounded operator with $\Re(\sigma(T_1)) \subset (-\...
- 305
12
votes
0
answers
196
views
UMD constant of finite dimensional spaces
For a Banach space $B$, its one-sided Unconditional Martingale Difference (UMD) constant $C^-_p$ (for $p \in (1,\infty)$) is the smallest value such that for all $B$-valued martingale difference ...
- 408
12
votes
0
answers
373
views
Does Thompson's group $V$ have property AP?
Property AP: A discrete group $\Gamma$ has property AP (Approximation Property) if there exists a net $(\phi_i)_{i \in I}$ of finitely supported functions on $\Gamma$ such that $\phi_i \to 1 $ weak$^*$...
12
votes
0
answers
476
views
Are Sobolev trace spaces equal from both sides of the boundary?
Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n$ be a bounded open set and $\Omega'$ the complement of its closure.
Assume $\partial\Omega=\partial\Omega'$.
Are the quotient spaces $W^{1,p}(\Omega)/W^{1,p}_0(\Omega)$ ...
- 8,086
12
votes
0
answers
923
views
What's the appropriate notion of a Unitary representation of a Lie algebra?
Here Lie algebras/groups are real. The most straightforward definition might be:
Def: A representation $\rho:\mathfrak{g} \rightarrow \mathfrak{gl}(V)$ is unitary if $V$ is equipped with a Hermitian ...
- 922
12
votes
0
answers
284
views
Star-shaped Folner sequence
Fix a (finite) generating set $S$ for $\Gamma$ (discrete) amenable. Given a Følner sequence (i.e. a sequence of finite sets $F_n$ whose boundary $\partial F_n$ in the Cayley graph of $S$ is such that $...
- 4,432
12
votes
0
answers
435
views
Uniform closure of subspaces of Baire class 1
Describe a uniformly closed linear subspace $A \subset C([0,1])$ such that the space $B_1(A)$ is not uniformly complete. Here $B_1(A)$ is the set of all bounded functions $f$ which are pointwise ...
- 1,704
12
votes
0
answers
478
views
What is known about the Yang-Mills stratification over 3-manifolds?
Rade proved in his thesis (Crelle's Journal, 1992, available here: digizeitschriften.de/dms/toc/?PPN=PPN243919689) that if $E\rightarrow M$ is a $U(n)$-bundle over a 3-manifold, then the gradient flow ...
- 8,803
12
votes
1
answer
468
views
Status of the compact AR problem?
The so-called "compact AR Problem" reads:
Is every compact convex set in a metrizable topological vector space an absolute retract?
It is open according to the chapter by T. Banakh, R. Cauty and ...
- 5,575
11
votes
7
answers
1k
views
What are some interesting ways of making new metrics out of old metrics?
If $d(x,y)$ and $e(x,y)$ are metrics then $d(x,y)+e(x,y)$ and $\frac{d(x,y)}{1+d(x,y)}$ are metrics.
If $d_i(x,y)$ for $i=1,\dots,n$ are metrics then so is $\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^n{d_i^2(x,y)}}$
Are ...
- 3,613
11
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Is the strong operator topology metrizable?
Let $X$ be a separable Banach space. Is the strong operator topology metrizable on $B(X)$, the space of all bounded operators on $X$?
SOT-$\lim T_i=0~$ if and only if $~\lim \|T_ix\|=0$ for every $x\...
- 4,058
11
votes
5
answers
801
views
Colimits in the category of (not necessarily locally convex) topological vector spaces
Do colimits in the category of (not necessarily locally convex) topological vector spaces (over R, C, respectively) exist in general?
If no, is there a well-known condition of when they exist?
If ...
- 419
11
votes
2
answers
478
views
$x f'$ bounded by $x^2f $ and $f''$?
Consider the Hilbert space of functions $f \in L^2(\mathbb R)$ such that $x^2f \in L^2(\mathbb R) $ and $ f'' \in L^2(\mathbb R).$
I am wondering whether it is true that $xf'\in L^2(\mathbb R)$ as ...
- 177
11
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Why take 'complex powers' of pseudo-differential operators?
Given a pseudo-differential operator $P$ of order zero, Seeley showed that the holomorphic family of operators $\lbrace P^{z} : z\in \mathbb{C} \rbrace$ of all complex powers is contained in the ...
- 2,239
11
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Spectrum of $L^\infty(X,\mu)$
Suppose that $(X,\Sigma,\mu)$ is a measured set with respect to $\sigma$-algebra $\Sigma$.
Suppose that $L^\infty(X,\mu)$ is the set of all $\mu$-equal bounded $\Sigma$-measurable functions on $X$. ...
11
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Orthogonality in non-inner product spaces
I have come across a notion of orthogonality of two vectors in a normed space not necessarily inner product space. Two vectors $x$ and $y$ in a normed space are said to be orthogonal (represented $x\...
- 2,239
11
votes
5
answers
5k
views
A criterion for the sum of two closed sets to be closed ?
Let $V$ and $I$ be two closed subsets of a Banach space $A$.
The set $V$ is a convex cone, and $I$ is a linear subspace of $A$. I also know that $V\cap I=\{0\}$.
I would like to know whether $I+V$ ...
- 452
11
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Is there a Plancherel Theorem for Gowers norms?
In the process of counting arithmetic sequences in sets, the Gowers norms
$$ ||f||\_{U^s[N]}^{2^s} = \frac{1}{N^s} \sum_{\vec{h} ,\\, n } \Delta_{h_1}\dots\Delta_{h_s}f(n) $$
where the sum is $ \...
- 22.8k
11
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Norm continuous infinite dimenisonal representation of a Lie group
Given a Lie group G and an infinite dimensional Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$. In the literature I have only encountered the two following notions of a representation $\pi$ of G on $\mathcal{H}$ :
1) $\...
- 403
11
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Operator that commutes with projections
We investigate the Hilbert space $\ell^2(\mathbb{N}_0)$ with standard orthonormal basis vectors $e_n:=(0,...,0,1,0,...).$
Consider the family of self-adjoint rank $1$ projections $P_n\bullet:= \...
- 536
11
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Do non-stable Banach spaces exist?
Let $K$ be $\mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{C}$. A Banach space $X$ over $K$ is stable if $X\cong X\times K$. I encountered the following question in some papers in the sixties:
Is every infinite ...
- 7,583
11
votes
3
answers
1k
views
"Simple" integral equation
Let $H(z)$ be a continuous solution of the problem
$$
H(z)=\frac1{1-z}\int_z^1 \frac{2\zeta}{1+\zeta} H(\zeta^2)\,d\zeta,\ \ \ z\in[0,1);\ \ \ H(1)=1.
$$
Is it true that $H(0)=1-\ln2$? The question ...
- 283
11
votes
3
answers
678
views
Which matrices can be realized as the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for a given domain?
Consider Poisson equation $\nabla \cdot (\sigma(x)\nabla u)=0$ in a domain $D$, where $\sigma(x)$ is the spatially dependent conductivity. On the boundary we have $n$ electrodes (Dirichlet BC $u=\text{...
- 532