All Questions
10,826 questions
15
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Matrices with entries in a $C^*$-algebra
Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a $C^\ast$-algebra. Consider vector space of matrices of size $n\times n$ whose entries in $\mathcal{A}$. Denote this vector space $M_{n,n}(\mathcal{A})$. We can define involution ...
- 1,697
15
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Alternative proofs of the Krylov-Bogolioubov theorem
The Krylov-Bogolioubov theorem is a fundamental result in the ergodic theory of dynamical systems which is typically stated as follows: if $T$ is a continuous transformation of a nonempty compact ...
- 6,206
15
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Gelfand-Naimark from the category-theoretic point of view
I was thinking about the Gelfand-Naimark theorem asserting the isometric * isomorphism between a commutative $C^*$-algebra (with unit) $\mathcal{A}$ and the $C^*$ -algebra of continuous complex-valued ...
- 2,479
15
votes
1
answer
498
views
For what LCH groups is the Haar measure $\mu(U x U)$ bounded?
Let $G$ be a locally compact Hausdorff (LCH) topological group with left Haar measure $\mu$. Given a compact unit neighborhood $U$, consider the function
$$
\Phi: \quad G \to (0,\infty), \quad x \...
- 734
15
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Borel-Écalle re-summation and resurgence: criteria and results
This is about the theory of Borel-Écalle re-summation and resurgence, see Refs below.
This states that the perturbative series (say of the vacuum expectation value of an operator $\mathcal{O}$ in ...
- 10.5k
15
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Regularity properties of convolution
Let $f$ be a compactly supported $C^{\alpha}$ function (that is Holder continuous with exponent $\alpha$) and let $g$ be a compactly supported $C^\beta$ function. What can we say about Holder ...
- 931
15
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Disintegrations are measurable measures - when are they continuous?
This is a sequel to another question I have asked.
The notion of disintegration is a refinement of conditional probability to spaces which have more structure than abstract probability spaces; ...
- 8,512
15
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Intuitive explanation of Dvoretzky's theorem
I am wondering if anyone has an enlightening explanation of why Dvoretzky's theorem (which says that a high-dimensional convex body has an almost round central section) is true -- there are a number ...
- 96.4k
15
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Inductive tensor product and smooth functions
Given complete, locally convex Hausdorff vector spaces $E$ and $F$, let
$$ E \otimes_i F, \qquad E \otimes_\pi F$$ denote the (completed) inductive and projective tensor products respectively. The ...
- 235
15
votes
1
answer
780
views
Does ZF imply a weak version of Hahn-Banach?
I have encountered this when I was thinking about differentiability in Banach spaces. There, for $x\in X$ we usually need functionals $u\in X^*$ such that $|u|=1$ and $u(x)=|x|$. This is a simple ...
- 755
15
votes
2
answers
684
views
Can a continuous function on a compact group $G$ be interpreted as the sum in $C(G)$ of its Fourier series?
I asked this in math.stackexchange, but it disappeared from the "main list" almost immediately, so I hope it will be appropriate as a separate question in MO.
For a given function $f\in C(G)$ on a ...
- 7,426
15
votes
2
answers
3k
views
What do we actually know about logarithmic energy ?
In potential theory, the $\textit{logarithmic energy}$ of a Radon measure $\mu$ acting on $\mathbb{C}$ is defined by
$$I(\mu)=\iint\log\frac{1}{|x-y|}\mu(dx)\mu(dy).$$ Of course it is not well ...
- 2,135
15
votes
2
answers
810
views
Are extensions of nuclear Fréchet spaces nuclear?
Consider the category of Fréchet spaces, the morphisms being
continuous linear maps with closed image. Suppose that we
have a short exact sequence in that category:
$0 \rightarrow V_1 \rightarrow ...
- 261
15
votes
1
answer
441
views
Weak*-closure of finite rank operators on dual space
Given a Banach space $X$, we consider the space $B(X^*)$ of bounded, linear operators on $X^*$ with the weak*-topology from its canonical predual $B(X^*)_*=X^*\hat{\otimes}X$. What is $\overline{F(X^*)...
- 3,497
15
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Krein Milman theorem without the axiom of choice
The Krein-Milman theorem asserts that in a locally convex topological vector space, a nonvoid compact convex subset is the closed convex envelope of its extreme points. But I would like to know when ...
- 1,616
15
votes
1
answer
889
views
Operator norms of circulant matrices
The definition and basic properties of circulant matrices can be found here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulant_matrix.
For complex numbers $a_1,\ldots,a_n$, I will use the notation
$$
\mbox{...
- 717
15
votes
3
answers
903
views
Tauberian theorem $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-\lambda_{k}t}c_{k} \xrightarrow{t\to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k} $
I am trying to prove or disprove
$$\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-\lambda_{k}t}c_{k} \xrightarrow{t\to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k} ,$$
where $\sum c_{k}<\infty, \sum c_{k}^{2}<\infty\text{ and }\frac{\...
- 5,474
15
votes
1
answer
4k
views
Is there a simple direct proof of the Open Mapping Theorem from the Uniform Boundedness Theorem?
The Open Mapping Theorem, the Bounded Inverse Theorem, and the Closed Graph Theorem are equivalent theorems in that any can be easily obtained from any other. The Closed Graph Theorem also easily ...
- 2,049
15
votes
1
answer
644
views
History of the notion of irreducible representation
I am looking for the earliest references where the study of irreducible representations appears. There has been many articles and books on the history of representation theory. A fundamental feature ...
15
votes
2
answers
2k
views
What is a projective space?
Is there a "recognition principle" for projective spaces?
What categories are there with projective spaces for objects?
Background: Although the title is a nod to What is a metric space?, ...
- 26.8k
15
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Can the Riemann integral be defined through a closure/completion process?
Let us consider real-valued functions on the bounded interval $[0,1]$. A "step function" means an element of the vector space spanned by indicator functions of (points and) intervals in $[0,1]$ (the ...
- 32.5k
15
votes
2
answers
931
views
Distinguishing topologically weak topologies of Banach spaces
Are the weak topologies of $\ell_1$ and $L_1$ homeomorphic?
Strangely may it sound, the question seeks contrasts between norm and weak topologies of Banach spaces from the non-linear point of view. ...
- 11.3k
15
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Convolution algebras for double groupoids?
There is a lot of work of course on convolution algebras of measured groupoids, and this gives "Noncommutative geometry". However there is a lot of interest in algebraically structured groupoids, for ...
- 12.3k
15
votes
1
answer
602
views
Integrability property of polynomials in several variables
This might be very trivial, or not.
Let $p\colon\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}$ be a polynomial of even degree, at most $n-2$. Assume that $p(x)\leq 0$ for any $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$. Assume that there ...
- 151
15
votes
1
answer
601
views
Topological spaces in which countable intersections of dense open sets have dense interior
In certain topological spaces, known as Baire spaces (e.g., completely metrizable spaces), a countable intersection of dense open sets is dense.
Now consider the following strengthening of the Baire ...
- 32.5k
15
votes
0
answers
477
views
Quantitative Skorokhod embedding
The Skorokhod embedding theorem says that any random variable $X$ with $\mathbb E X=0$ and $\mathbb E[X^2]<\infty $ can be written as $X=B_{\tau }$ where $B$ is a Brownian motion and $\tau $ is a ...
- 723
15
votes
0
answers
365
views
Admissible relations in a Banach algebra
Suppose that $\mathbb{C}\left\langle x, y \right\rangle = R$ is a free (associative and unital) algebra and $f \in R$. I wonder whether there exists a (unital) Banach algebra $A$ and a non-zero pair $...
- 193
15
votes
0
answers
349
views
Is there support for the term "Gelfand algebra"?
In this question Yemon Choi asked whether there is a standard term for Banach algebras for which the submultiplicative law
($\|ab\| \leq \|a\| \|b\|$) is weakened to merely requiring the product to be ...
- 42.8k
15
votes
0
answers
1k
views
Homotopy equivalence vs weak homotopy equivalence in Gromov's h-principle
My question concerns Gromov's h-principle for open diffeomorphism-invariant partial differential relations on open manifolds; see e.g. Eliashberg/Mishachev: Introduction to the h-principle, §6.2.A and ...
- 648
14
votes
6
answers
2k
views
Finding questions between functional analysis and set theory
Are there some good questions on functional analysis whose solution depends on tools in set theory? My major is mathematical logic, I think tools in set theory, especially infinity combinatorics and ...
- 315
14
votes
6
answers
6k
views
Russian Equivalent of Big Rudin
Is there any Russian-authored textbook on Analysis equivalent to Big Rudin (Real and Complex Analysis)?
I like Russian math textbooks a lot. I am looking for Russian textbooks (either in English or ...
- 149
14
votes
6
answers
3k
views
What's a natural candidate for an analytic function that interpolates the tower function?
I know that there are analytic functions whose composition with itself is the exponential function, the so-called functional square root of the exponential function, with the additional property that ...
- 4,466
14
votes
4
answers
550
views
About the existence of characters on $B(X)$
Let $X$ be a Banach space. Let $B(X)$ be the space of all bounded linear operators on $X$. Does $B(X)$ have an empty character space for any $X$?
I know the proof of the fact that $M_n(\mathbb{C})$ ...
- 355
14
votes
5
answers
4k
views
Is there an extension of the Arzela-Ascoli theorem to spaces of discontinuous functions?
The Arzela-Ascoli function basically says that a set of real-valued continuous functions on a compact domain is precompact under the uniform norm if and only if the family is pointwise bounded and ...
- 943
14
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Uncertainty principle
A version of the uncertainty principle says that a function and its Fourier transform cannot be both with compact support: it is not difficult to prove since a compactly supported distribution has an ...
- 16.2k
14
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Borel set plus a closed set = Borel
Hi,
Let $R$ be equipped with the usual Borel structure. Let $F$ be a Borel subset and $E$ be a closed subset of $R$. Then $F+E=(f+e: f\in F, e \in E \)$ is Borel? If yes, is it true for any locally ...
14
votes
2
answers
892
views
Do distance functionals separate probability measures?
Let $(\Omega,d)$ be a compact metric space and $\mathcal P(\Omega)$ its space of Borel probability measures. Let $D=\{ d_p\mid p\in\Omega\}$ where $d_p(x)=d(p,x)$ be the set of all "distance ...
- 459
14
votes
2
answers
6k
views
Are weak and strong convergence of sequences not equivalent?
For some infinite-dimensional Banach spaces $E$, it is easy to find sequences $\langle x_i:i\in\mathbb N_0\rangle$ which converge to zero weakly but not in the norm topology, i.e. we have $\lim_{i\to\...
- 3,584
14
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Differentiability of Fourier series
Consider the function defined by the Fourier series
$$ f(x;\alpha) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^\alpha} \exp(i n^2 x ) , $$
where $\alpha >1 $.
For what values of $\alpha $ is $f$ ...
- 241
14
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Are smooth functions tame?
I know the article of Hamilton on the inverse function theorem of Nash and Moser (with the same title) where he proves that $C^\infty(M)$ is a tame Fréchet space, when $M$ is closed or compact with ...
- 9,853
14
votes
4
answers
3k
views
Representing a product of matrix exponentials as the exponential of a sum
In Proof of a conjectured exponential formula, R. C. Thompson (1986) [edit: apparently, assuming Horn's conjecture] proved that if $A$ and $B$ are Hermitian matrices, then there exist unitary matrices ...
- 28.6k
14
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Is the composition of two nowhere differentiable functions still nowhere differentiable?
Let $f,g:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ be two continuous but nowhere differentiable functions. By the Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem for almost every point $x_0\in\mathbb R$ one has
$$
\limsup\limits_{x\to x_0}\...
- 938
14
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Positive definite function zoo
I've asked the following question on math.stackexchange but there has been no response so I'll ask it again here:
A positive definite function $\varphi: G \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ on a group $G$ is a ...
14
votes
3
answers
3k
views
The difference between $l^1(G)$ and the reduced group $C^*$ algebra $C_r^*(G)$
Let $G$ be a group and $l^2(G)$ the Hilbert space on $G$. The complex group algebra $CG$ can be imbedded in $B(l^2(G))$, the set of all bounded linear operators, by left translation. The reduced group ...
- 1,373
14
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Stone-Weierstrass Theorem without AC
To what extent does the usual Stone-Weierstrass Theorem depend on some form of the Axiom of Choice? There seems to be a lot of literature on constructive versions in toposes, but I have been unable ...
- 2,049
14
votes
2
answers
723
views
Why do the projections in the Calkin algebra not form a lattice?
Let $H$ be an infinite dimensional separable complex Hilbert space. Denote by $\mathcal{B}(H)$ the C*-algebra of bounded operators on $H$, $\mathcal{K}(H)$ the ideal of compact operators on $H$, and $\...
- 3,115
14
votes
1
answer
830
views
Spectrum of matrix involving quantum harmonic oscillator
The quantum harmonic oscillator relies on two classical objects, the so-called creation and annihilation operator
$$a ^* = x- \partial_x \text{ and }a = x+\partial_x.$$
Fix two numbers $\alpha,\beta \...
- 192
14
votes
1
answer
694
views
Criterion for a Banach algebra to be finite dimensional
Let $A$ be a Banach algebra (say, complex and unital) and suppose that every (closed) commutative subalgebra of $A$ is finite dimensional.
Question. Does it follow that $A$ is finite dimensional?
...
- 12.6k
14
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Is every continuous microlocal operator a pseudo-differential operator?
Let $\mathcal S'=\mathcal S'(\mathbb R^n)$ be the Schwartz distribution space.
Suppose $A\colon\mathcal S'\to\mathcal S'$ is linear, continuous and microlocal.
By being microlocal I mean that the wave ...
- 8,086
14
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Infinite tensor product of states
Tensor products of finite number of different objects are always well described in the literature. However, the situation of infinite tensor products seems to be much tougher.
Even in the simplest ...
- 143