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Let $G$ be a connected graph on $n$ vertices with maximum degree $\Delta \ge 2$. Let $\mathcal G = \{G_1,G_2,\ldots\}$ be a collection of subgraphs of $G$ such that every edge of $G$ is contained in ...

I've recently come across the following lemma. Lemma (Valiant): A planar graph $G$ with maximum degree $4$ can be embedded in the plane using $O(|V|)$ area in such a way that its vertices are at ...