Questions tagged [enumerative-combinatorics]
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481
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An identity for Schur polynomials
Given a partition $\lambda$, the Schur polynomials can be defined, among many other ways, as
$$S_{\lambda}(\xi_1,\dots,\xi_a)=\frac{\det\left(\xi_i^{\lambda_j+a-j}\right)_{i,j=1}^a}{\det\left(\xi_i^{a-...
4
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1
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Reference for a definition of Catalan numbers
The $l$-th Catalan number ${2l\choose l}\frac{1}{l+1}$ is equal
to the number of sequences $s_0,\ldots,s_{l+1}$ of length $l+2$ with the following
properties:
(1) $s_0=s_{l+1}=1$ and $s_1,\ldots,s_l$ ...
1
vote
1
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123
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A big list of Narayana-enumerated objects
By a Narayana-enumerated object I mean an object whose count is given by the Narayana number $N(n,k)=\frac{1}{n} {n \choose k} {n \choose k-1}$. Can you give me a reference to some good big list of ...
9
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Number of tautologies of a given size?
Fix some complete set of $L$ logical connectives such as $\{ \wedge, \neg \}, \{\Rightarrow, \neg \}, \{\ \vee, \wedge, \neg \}, \{ \uparrow\}, \{\wedge, \vee, \neg, \Rightarrow \}$ - I'll assume all ...
2
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0
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Reference request on Plancherel measure for partitions whose parts differing by more than $1$
Given an (unrestricted) integer partition $\lambda$ of $n$, let $f_{\lambda}$ denote the number of standard Young tableaux (SYT) of shape the Young diagram $Y(\lambda)$ of $\lambda$. Then,
$$\sum_{\...
4
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1
answer
339
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The fraction $\frac{g_{\mu}}{f_{\lambda}}$ is an integer
Let $\lambda=(\lambda_1\geq\lambda_2\geq\cdots\geq\lambda_{\ell(\lambda)}>0)$ be an integer partition of $n\in\mathbb{N}$; i.e., $\lambda_1+\cdots+\lambda_{\ell(\lambda)}=n$.
One may now associate $...
5
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1
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333
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Counting monomials and the Catalan numbers
Given a multi-variable polynomial $F$, denote the number of monomials by $N(F)$. Take for instance, \begin{align*}N(x(x+y)+(x+y)^2-(x-y)^2)=N(x^2+5xy)&=2 \qquad \text{and} \\
N((x+z)(x+y)^2)=N(x^3 ...
11
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1
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554
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Equality of two $q$-series. Proof?
Recall the notation $(z;q)_n=(1-z)(1-zq)(1-zq^2)\cdots(1-zq^{n-1})$.
My earlier MO question did not find enough interest or yield an answer. Perhaps the modulo $2$ part might have thrown people off. ...
0
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0
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Addition theorem for Schur function in multivariable
Working with the following problem Expansion in Schur function of negative binomial exponent
I need to find the expansion of
$$ s_{\lambda}(x_1 + y , x_2 +y, \ldots, x_n +y)$$
in terms of schur ...
3
votes
1
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217
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Agreement between two sets of data on partitions
Let $\lambda=(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\dotsc,\lambda_{\ell(\lambda)})$ be an integer partition of positive numbers where $\ell(\lambda)$ is the length of the partition. One may associate a Ferrer diagram ...
3
votes
1
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272
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Generating function for "descents" and "cycle-types", in tandem
This question is inspired but not directly related to this recent Stanley's MO post.
The descent set $D(w)$ of a permutation $w=a_1 a_2\cdots a_n\in\frak{S}_n$ (the symmetric group on $\{1,\dots,n\}$) ...
9
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393
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Number of sets $S$ for which number of permutations in $S_n$ with descent set $S$ is odd
The descent set $D(w)$ of a permutation $w=a_1 a_2\cdots a_n\in\frak{S}_n$ is
defined by $D(w)=\{ 1\leq i\leq n-1\,:\, a_i>a_{i+1}\}$.
Given a set $S$, let
$\beta_n(S)$ denote the number of ...
3
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0
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215
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Counting permutations with a fixed number of descents and an extra condition
I am computing the volumes of certain polytopes and it turns out that knowing a "closed formula" for the following number would help a lot.
Determine the number of permutations $\sigma\in \...
7
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Inequality of product of discrete cosines
Let $k,a,b,c$ be odd positive integers. Consider the following inequality:
$$
\sum_{x,y \in [k]} \cos^a\bigg(\frac{2\pi}{k}\cdot x\bigg) \cdot \cos^b\bigg(\frac{2\pi}{k}\cdot y\bigg) \cdot \cos^c\bigg(...
3
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Expansion in Schur function of negative binomial exponent
I want to know if there exist a known expansion or can be derived of the polynomial
$$ \prod_{i=1}^{m}\prod_{j= 1}^{n}(1-z(x_i + y_i))^{-w} \tag{*}$$
in terms of Schur function. That is asking for (*) ...
4
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1
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259
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A refinment of Beck's conjecture
Let $\mathcal{O}(n)$ and $\mathcal{D}(n)$ denote the set of all integer partitions of $n$ into odd parts and distinct parts, respectively. Let $o(n)=\#\mathcal{O}(n)$ and $d(n)=\#\mathcal{D}(n)$. ...
2
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1
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173
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Another combinatorial identity
Is it true that
$$\sum_{r=0}^p \sum_{i=0}^r a_{n,p,r,i}=0$$
for all natural $n$ and all natural $p\ge2n$, where
$$a_{n,p,r,i}:=\frac{(-1)^r (n+p-r-1)! (n p-i (r-i))}{i!(r-i)! (n-i)!
(p-r+i)! (n-r+i)! ...
2
votes
1
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195
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Sequence of monotone tuples and permutation condition for rotation
I was doing some counting in $S_n$ symmetric group I encountered the following problem, which also someway related to central factorial number.
So given a $n$ cycle say $(1,2,\ldots,n)$, what are the ...
7
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1
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151
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Is there an infinite combinatorics of common transseries expansions?
By now there is a rich understanding of generating functions in combinatorics, and the way that operations in power series are 'shadows' of richer constructions on combinatorial objects. This lifting ...
0
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1
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146
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What is this numerically-generated function?
This question is an "outgrowth" of https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4380919/ which led to a numerically-generated two-parameter function $f_b(n)$, where $b$ is the number base $2,3,4,...
4
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1
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323
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Enumerating subsets with no triple appearing together more than once
This question is motivated by a real-world application related to an art project that involves displaying images, but my search hit a dead end after finding the wikipage about Kirkman systems (other ...
6
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275
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Power law correction factor in tree enumeration via naïve division
It is a theorem of Otter, building on fundamental work of Pólya, that the number of unlabeled trees on $n$ vertices is $\approx C \alpha^{n} n^{-5/2}$, where $C = 0.534\ldots$ and $\alpha = 2.955\...
2
votes
0
answers
409
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A (really!) cute identity between product of binomials
As an off-shot of my earlier MO question, I have found a "really cute" identity. The connection is revealed in the limit $q\rightarrow 1$.
So, I would like to ask:
QUESTION. Is there a ...
17
votes
1
answer
1k
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Can this probability be obtained by a combinatorial/symmetry argument?
Suppose that $a_1,\dots,a_n,b_1,\dots,b_n$ are iid random variables each with a symmetric non-atomic distribution.
Let $p$ denote the probability that there is some real $t$ such that $t a_i \ge b_i$ ...
4
votes
1
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205
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Integer-valued polynomials from Pólya counting
Let finite group $G$ act on a finite set $X$ and hence on colorings $Y^X$, where $Y=\{1,2,\ldots,k\}$ is a set of colors. The Burnside-Pólya-Redfield-etc. counting theorem says that the number of ...
6
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1
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256
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Tanglegrams and functional equations of M. Somos
Recent references on the matter at hand include, a lecture slide The Konvalinka-Amdeberhan conjecture
and plethystic inverses and a preprint on Counting tanglegrams with species by I. Gessel; the ...
2
votes
2
answers
112
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Regular pseudographs
Is there a counting known for $3$-regular (or any $n$-regular) pseudo graph of a given order $|V|$? An asymptotic result for connected (or disconnected) graphs is good enough. It would be even better ...
1
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1
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200
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Interpret this matrix and its determinant
Let $n\geq1$ be an integer. Take the matrix $M(n)$, with entries, $M_{i,j}(n)=\sin\left(\frac{(i+j)\pi}2\right)$ if $i\neq j$ and $M_{i,i}(n)=x_i$.
I wish to ask (this question has been modified from ...
2
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3
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Asking for a proof for a sum of products of binomials: an "interesting" identity?
The following identity must have received alternative proofs, including a combinatorial argument by David Callan as found at Bijections for the Identity $4^n = \sum_{k = 0}^n \binom{2k}k\binom{2(n - k)...
1
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1
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154
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Confusion in definition of class of structures and combinatorial class [closed]
I understand that a combinatorial class $\mathcal{A}$ is a set of objects, with a function of size $\lvert\cdot\rvert_{\mathcal{A}}:\mathcal{A}\to \mathbb{N}$. With objects of size $n$: $\mathcal{A}_n=...
5
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1
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A common combinatorial description for a certain type of recurrences
For integer-valued sequences $(x_n)_{n=0}^\infty$, consider recurrences of the form
$$x_n=ax_{n-1}+(bn+c)x_{n-2} \tag{$*$}\label{star}$$
for $n\ge2$, where $a,b,c$ are integers.
There seem to be many ...
10
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1
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366
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Looking for a "clever" argument for a $q$-series identity
Consider the below $q$-series identity. One of the things I like about this expansion is how nicely the difference on the left hand side factors to the right hand side of the equation.
$$\prod_{k\geq1}...
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0
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Generalizing "partition into odd parts=partition into distinct parts"?
The number of partitions into distinct parts is known to agree with the number of partitions with odd parts. For instance, this follows from
$$\prod_{k=1}^{\infty}(1+q^k)=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac1{1-...
2
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Calculating permanents via Branch and Bound
Permanents can be interpreted as counting directed cycle covers of an asymmetric graph with unit cost edge weights.
That interpretation leads to a branch and bound algorithm for calculating the ...
15
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2
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969
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A rather curious identity on sums over triple binomial terms
While exploring the Baxter sequences from my earlier MO post, I obtained a rather curious identity (not listed on OEIS either). I usually try to employ the Wilf-Zeilberger (WZ) algorithm to justify ...
9
votes
2
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Extracting constant terms: is there a direct way?
$\DeclareMathOperator\CT{CT}$
Let $\CT_t(f(t))$ denote the constant term of the Laurent polynomial of $f(t)$.
Define the two functions $F(x_1,\dots,x_n)$ and $G(y)$ by
$$F:=\prod_{i=1}^nx_i^{-1}(1-x_i)...
5
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1
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Expressing symmetric function in power-sum basis
I am trying to prove the following identity
\begin{equation}
\prod_{i=1}^{m}(1-x_{i}z)^{-u}\prod_{j=1}^{n}(1-y_{i}z)^{-v} \prod_{i=1}^{m}\prod_{j=1}^{n}(1-(x_i +y_j)z)^{-w}\\ = \sum_{\lambda, \mu}c_{\...
6
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1
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Another generalization of parity of Catalan numbers
Recently, a question by T. Amdeberhan gathered up many enjoyable proofs that a Catalan number $C_n$ is odd if and only if $n=2^r-1$.
Noam D. Elkies' answer considered $F=\sum_{n=0}^\infty C_n x^{n+1}$....
13
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1
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589
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Bijective proof of recurrence for rooted unlabeled trees
Would've been a better question for Christmas than Thanksgiving, but alas...
Let $t_n$ denote the number of rooted, unlabeled trees on $n$ vertices (OEIS A000081). These are the isomorphism classes of ...
2
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0
answers
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Compact expression for triples of subsets with total sum zero
I am looking whether there is any compact way to write the following: Suppose we have an abelian group $G$. For a subset $A\subset G$ let $S_A$ be the sum of its elements. I want to find the number of ...
15
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4
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Collecting alternative proofs for the oddity of Catalan
Consider the ubiquitous Catalan numbers $C_n=\frac1{n+1}\binom{2n}n$. In this post, I am looking for your help in my attempt to collect alternative proofs of the following fact: $C_n$ is odd if and ...
3
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Ask for a reference or a proof of a combinatorial identity $\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{2n+1}{2k}\binom {k}{m} =2^{2(n-m)}\frac{2n+1}{2(n-m)+1}\binom{2n-m}{m}$
Could you please recommend a reference to or supply a proof of the following identity \eqref{combin-ID-Maclaurin}, or \eqref{first-equiv-form}, or \eqref{combin-ID-Mac-Equiv}, or \eqref{combin-ID-Mac-...
0
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0
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Objects equinumerous with $3$-ary partitions?
There is a concept of the so-called RP-compositions of an integer discussed by K. Q. Ji and H. S. Wilf in Extreme palindromes. They proved the following result too:
Theorem. The number of RP-...
13
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2
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799
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Two interpretations of a sequence: an opportunity for combinatorics
The sequence that is addressed here is resourced from the most useful site OEIS, listed as A014153, with a generating function
$$\frac1{(1-x)^2}\prod_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac1{1-x^k}.$$
In particular, look ...
7
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Factoring a function from a finite set to itself
Let $S$ be a finite set and $f: S \to S$ be a function. Let $k = |f(S)|$ and let $\alpha$ be the partition of $S$ into $f$-fibers, i.e. $\alpha = \{ \alpha_t \}_{t \in f(S)}$ where $\alpha_t = f^{-1}(\...
1
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0
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84
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Varieties of trees with logarithmic degree function
I am interested in varieties of trees with a logarithmic degree function. I am currently looking at Bergeron, Flajolet, and Salvy's work "Varieties of increasing trees." They discuss exactly ...
6
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1
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539
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Sum of squares of multinomial coefficients
It is well known that the sum of squares of all binomial coefficients ${n\choose k}$ with a fixed $n$ is ${2n\choose n}$. That is, $\sum_{k=0}^n {n\choose k}^2 = {2n\choose n}$.
But do we know what ...
6
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1
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416
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Constant term extraction using combinatorial Nullstellensatz
$\DeclareMathOperator\CT{CT}$Given a Laurent polynomial $g$, let $\CT(g)$ denote its constant term.
Consider the specific Laurent polynomial
$$f_n(x_1,\dots,x_r)=\left(1+\prod_{j=1}^r(1+x_j)+\prod_{j=...
2
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0
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Enumerative geometry and restricted plane partitions
Donaldson-Thomas theory is an enumerative theory for virtual counts of ideal sheaves (with trivial determinant) of the structural sheaf $\mathcal{O}_{X}$ of some smooth projective manifold $X$.
There ...
4
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1
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294
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Enumeration of dominated Dyck paths
Using horizontal steps $(1,0)$ and vertical steps $(0,-1)$, consider the lattice paths starting from $(0,q)$ and reaching $(p,0)$ with $p$ horizontal and $q$ vertical steps. The set of such paths $\...