All Questions
Tagged with elementary-proofs real-analysis
21 questions
1
vote
1
answer
117
views
Product/quotient of factorials beget dyadic powers
I am writing up some notes and the following occurred to me and I would like to see if there are a variety of ways to prove it. Just for reference, the identity pops out of equality between constant ...
- 43.2k
1
vote
1
answer
130
views
Analytic expression for the min value of $g(t):= \sqrt{(t-1)^2 + a^2}+ b|t|$ subject to $|t-1| \le c$
Disclaimer. Not sure this is MO-level but would really appreciate some help with this. Thanks in advance. Moved from SE.
Let $a,b,c \ge 0$, and define a function $g:\mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ by $g(t) :=...
- 6,853
6
votes
1
answer
376
views
Is there any hope to prove that $g(x)>-4$ if $f(x)<0$?
I have these two functions for $x>0$, $\beta>0$ and $\alpha$ (all reals)
$$ f(x)= \frac{\alpha \; \sin (\beta \; x)}x+4 \cos (\beta\; x) ,\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\\
g(x)=\frac{\...
user329770
2
votes
1
answer
377
views
Prove positivity of rational functions
We say a rational function $F(z)$ is positive if the coefficients of its Maclaurin expansion, in the variable $z$, are non-negative.
In this context, let
$$F_r(z):=\frac{1 - 2z + z^r - (1 - z)^r}{(1 - ...
- 43.2k
2
votes
2
answers
173
views
Analytic solution of low-dimensional Riccati equation
Consider the nonlinear map $F_i:\mathbb R^2 \to \mathbb R$
$F_i(x):=\varepsilon^2\langle x, A_i x\rangle +\varepsilon\langle b_i,x \rangle + x_i,$
where $A_i$ is some matrix and $b_i$ some vector
Can ...
- 192
4
votes
1
answer
203
views
An infinite series involving Jordan's totient function
Can you provide a proof for the following claim:
$$-\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{J_k(n)}{n} \cdot \ln\left(1-x^n\right)=\frac{x \cdot A_{k-1}(x)}{(1-x)^k} \quad \text{for} \quad |x| < 1 \...
- 2,661
12
votes
2
answers
663
views
A conjectural infinite series for $\frac{\pi^2}{5\sqrt{5}}$
I am looking for a proof of the following claim:
First define the function $\chi(n)$ as follows:
$$\chi(n)=\begin{cases}1, & \text{if }n \equiv \pm 1 \pmod{10} \\
-1, & \text{if }n \equiv \pm ...
- 2,661
9
votes
1
answer
692
views
An infinite series involving harmonic numbers
I am looking for a proof of the following claim:
Let $H_n$ be the nth harmonic number. Then,
$$\frac{\pi^2}{12}=\ln^22+\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{H_n}{n(n+1) \cdot 2^n}$$
The SageMath ...
- 2,661
8
votes
3
answers
1k
views
An infinite series that converges to $\frac{\sqrt{3}\pi}{24}$
Can you prove or disprove the following claim:
Claim:
$$\frac{\sqrt{3} \pi}{24}=\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{(6n+1)(6n+5)}$$
The SageMath cell that demonstrates this claim can be found ...
- 2,661
9
votes
2
answers
1k
views
A tricky integral to evaluate
I came across this integral in some work. So, I would like to ask:
QUESTION. Can you evaluate this integral with proofs?
$$\int_0^1\frac{\log x\cdot\log(x+2)}{x+1}\,dx.$$
- 43.2k
16
votes
6
answers
2k
views
Alternative proofs sought after for a certain identity
Here is an identity for which I outlined two different arguments. I'm collecting further alternative proofs, so
QUESTION. can you provide another verification for the problem below?
Problem. Prove ...
- 43.2k
-4
votes
2
answers
228
views
An elementary-looking integral inequality
This might seem a bit easy but I still like to ask it for pedagogical reasons.
QUESTION. Is this inequality true for non-negative integers $n$?
$$\frac{\pi}2\int_0^1x^n\sin\left(\frac{\pi}2x\right)dx\...
- 43.2k
2
votes
2
answers
301
views
"Strengthening" the mean value theorem for the sine function
The present discussion arises from this MO question. Below, $e$ stands for Euler's number and let
$$\tau:=\arccos\left(\frac{\sin e-\sin 1}{e-1}\right)\approx 1.82\cdots.$$
An application of the Mean ...
- 43.2k
4
votes
2
answers
443
views
Largest absolute value of a polynomial of degree $n$ on $\{0,1,\ldots,n\}$
Consider a polynomial $P_n(x)\in\mathbb{R}[x]$, of degree $n\geq1$, of the form
$$P_n(x)=c_0+c_1x+c_2x^2+\cdots+c_{n-1}x^{n-1}+x^n.$$
To illustrate the question, take $P_1(x)=c_0+x$ so that $P_1(0)=...
- 43.2k
2
votes
0
answers
109
views
Average number of pieces of a random piecewise-linear function
Let $I$ be a (nonempty) compact interval in $\mathbb R$ and $a_1,b_1,\ldots,a_L,b_L \in \mathbb R$. Let $\varphi$ be a piecewise function with $T \ge 2$ pieces(for example $T=2$ for the choice $\...
- 6,853
3
votes
2
answers
472
views
Good upper bound for a certain sum
Given $\gamma \in [0, 1)$, an integer $N \ge 2$, and a decreasing null sequence of positive numbers $e_1,e_2,\ldots,e_t,\ldots$, I'm interested in estimating the sum $S_N := \sum_{t=1}^N\gamma^t e_{N-...
- 6,853
11
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Does anyone recognize this inequality?
In some paper the authors make use of the following inequality without further explanation: Let $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$ with $x_1\le\cdots\le x_n$ and $\alpha\in[0,1]^n$ with $\sum_{i=1}^n \alpha_i=N\in\{1,...
- 363
2
votes
1
answer
543
views
Good UPPER bounds for $\log(\sum_{i=1}^n p_ie^{z_i})-\sum_{i=1}^np_iz_i$ where $(p_i)_i$ is a probability vector
Let $x=(z_1,\ldots,z_n)$ be real vector and $(p_1,\ldots,p_n)$ be a probability vector.
Question
$\log(\sum_{i=1}^n p_ie^{z_i})-\sum_{i=1}^np_iz_i \le ???$
Observation
This paper allows us to ...
- 6,853
-1
votes
1
answer
149
views
How to choose compactly supported smooth $h$ so $h^2(x)+ h^2(x-1)=1$ for all $x\in [0,1],$ and $\int_{-3/4}^{3/4} |h(x)|^2 dx =3/2$? [closed]
It is known that we may choose smooth $f:\mathbb R \to [0,1]$ such that $f(x)=1$ if $x\geq \frac{3}{4} $ and $f(x)=0$ if $x\leq -\frac{3}{4}+1.$
Define $h(x)= \sin (\frac{\pi}{2} f(x+1))$ if $x\...
- 305
4
votes
2
answers
334
views
what is this sum of squares of algebraic functions?
This question is inspired by the MO query here, although it has no direct implications.
Define the family of polynomial functions
$$f_n(x)=n^2x^{n-1}-\frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{x^n-1}{x-1}\right),$$
and ...
- 43.2k
6
votes
4
answers
780
views
roots of higher derivatives of exponential
Consider the Gaussian function $f(z)=e^{-z^2}$ which has no zeros on the complex domain. Let $D$ denote derivative w.r.t. the variable $z$.
Question. Is it true that $D^nf(z)=0$ has only real roots ...
- 43.2k