Questions tagged [differential-calculus]
The differential-calculus tag has no usage guidance.
47
questions with no upvoted or accepted answers
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answers
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views
An integral in Gradshteyn and Ryzhik
Section 3.248 of the 4th edition of the table of integrals by Gradshteyn and Ryzhik contains three entries. They are of elementary examples of the beta function. In the 5th edition there are two new ...
- 189
8
votes
0
answers
301
views
Co-filtered and pro-finite manifolds, filtered algebras, and differential calculus on them
I've come across a lot of questions (and nice answers) on MO, concerning infinite-dimensional manifolds and differential calculus over them, but nothing suiting the simpler and special case I have in ...
- 2,517
6
votes
0
answers
133
views
Injectiveness of a monotonic surjective mapping $\mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R^n$ with $\det J \neq 0$
Consider a surjective mapping $F \colon \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R^n$, $F\in C^1$, $\dfrac{\partial F_i}{\partial x_j} > 0$, and $\det \left(\!\left( \dfrac{\partial F_i}{\partial x_j} \right)\!\...
- 243
5
votes
0
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255
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Hadamard lemma without integration
Let $I$ be the ideal of smooth germs vanishing at zero. Let $I^{k+1}$ be the ideal generated by $(k+1)$-fold product of such germs. Write $F_k$ for the ideal of $k$-flat germs at zero.
By the product ...
- 10.3k
5
votes
0
answers
962
views
Boundary of an open, bounded and convex set in $\mathbb{R} ^n$
Let $U$ be an open, bounded and convex set in $\mathbb{R} ^n$. Since $\partial U$ is a rectifiable set it follows that up to a set of $H^{n-1}$-measure zero $\partial U$ is contained in a countable ...
4
votes
0
answers
132
views
Derivative of characteristic polynomial of a graph and derivative of characteristic polynomial of a vertex-deleted subgraph have a common root
Let $G$ be a simple graph and $G-i$ be one of its vertex-deleted subgraphs. Let $\phi(G,x)$ and $\phi(G-i,x)$ be the characteristic polynomials of $G$ and of $G-i$ respectively, with respect to their ...
- 327
4
votes
0
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109
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Properness of real analytic maps?
Fix a polynomial mapping $\mathbb R^n\overset{f}{\to} \mathbb R$. This answer shows that if the top degree homogeneous component of $f$ is zero only at the origin, then $f$ is proper. Intuitively, ...
- 10.3k
4
votes
0
answers
146
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Basic calculus on topological fields
Let $K$ be a a topological field (I am mainly interested in the cases when K is either an ordered field or a valued field, e.g. $K = \mathbb Q$ or $ \mathbb Q_p$).
1) Let $f: K^n \to K$ be a ...
3
votes
0
answers
65
views
How well do Gauss-Legendre quadrature methods fare on "fractal" functions?
The context
I'm making your tipical Mandelbrot set viewer, and I have a function $f: ℂ → ℕ$ that counts how many iterations of
$$
z_0 = 0 \\
z_{i+1} = z_i^2 + c
$$
it takes for a particular point $c$ ...
- 31
3
votes
0
answers
152
views
Extension of normal vector field to a domain
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^3$ be a bounded regular simply connected domain contained in a ball $S$. Assume also that $\Omega$ is simply connected by surfaces (i.e. every regular closed surface ...
- 31
3
votes
0
answers
95
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how to study the size of basins of attraction on a graph
I have a certain finite (but huge and without an apparent pattern, so that only numerical studies seem feasible) graph $G = (V,E)$, and a function $f: V \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$. On each edge $e = (u,v)...
- 91
2
votes
0
answers
188
views
Is there a geometric or calculus-based reason why the following system of equations should have only one solution?
Let $x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4>0$. Consider the following cyclic system of equations:
$$ 2 + x_2 + x_3 + x_4 + x_2 x_3 x_4 - 2 \left( \frac{x_2}{ \sqrt{x_1 x_2}} + \frac{x_3}{ \sqrt{x_1 x_3}} + \frac{x_4}{ \...
- 90
2
votes
0
answers
938
views
On a deceptively tricky calculus problem
Motivation for this question: If the operators $B_i'$ satisfy an inequality, prove that $B_1'+\dots B_n'$ also satisfies the same inequality
Let $A$ be a non-constant operator acting on $C^...
- 90
2
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0
answers
75
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How to define the Sobolev quotient space $H^s(Γ)/{\mathbb R}$
Let $\Gamma$ be the boundary of a Lipschitz domain $\Omega\subset \mathbb R^3$. Denote by $H^s(\Gamma)$ the usual scalar Sobolev space for $s\in\mathbb R$. I want to know the definition of the ...
- 63
2
votes
0
answers
41
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What are the limits of what the theory of time-scale calculus can capture?
Time-scale calculus [0], also called calculus on measure chains (introduced in this widely cited article 1 and also here [2]) unified the concept of derivative of a functions $\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\...
- 419
2
votes
0
answers
42
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Derivatives of $G_h(u):=\int_0^{2\pi} h(\cos t)h(\cos(t - \arccos(u)))dt$ when $h$ is positive-homogeneous
Let $h:\mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ be a continuous which is positive-homogeneous of order $p \ge 1$, and define $G_h:[-1,1] \to \mathbb R$ by
$$
G_h(u):=\int_0^{2\pi} h(\cos t)h(\cos(t - \arccos(u)))dt.
$...
- 6,726
2
votes
0
answers
85
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Second order partial derivatives of Sobolev functions
This has been asked on Mathematics Stack Exchange but apparently received no attention. The question is very basic in nature:
Is it true that $W^{2,1}_{\text{loc}}$
functions (after possibly modifying ...
- 53
2
votes
0
answers
330
views
Is there Calculus for (Almost) Continuous functions?
So I asked a similar question to this on Math Stack Exchange a couple of weeks ago, did a bounty, and I didn't receive any answers.
I am struggling a bit with a part of my research (on CS).
Suppose ...
- 652
2
votes
0
answers
163
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Solve 4th order ODE with variable coefficients
I am trying to solve a 4th order boundary value problem with variable coefficients, namely the problem of a rotating cantilever beam:
$u'''' - \frac{((1-x^2)u')'}{2\eta} - \frac{\alpha}{\eta}((1-x)u')...
- 21
2
votes
0
answers
96
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Combinatorial identity of Derivatives of super-Gaussian function
An asymptotic expansion I stumbled upon has real numbers $c^\alpha_{ij}$ as coefficients, where $i, j \in \mathbb{N}_0$ are non-negative integers and $\alpha \in \mathbb{N}_0^n$ is a multi-index. They ...
- 9,591
2
votes
0
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199
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Universal chord theorem for curves
Let $\mathrm{\gamma} : [0,1] \to \mathbb{R}^2$ be a piecewise smooth, simple plane curve.
Assume $\gamma(0) = (0,0)$, $\gamma(1) = (1,0)$ and that the slope of the tangent is not $0$ wherever it's ...
- 121
2
votes
0
answers
414
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Approximating a $C^1$ function in $Lip$ norm with piecewise linear
For a continuous function $f:[a,b]\to R$ there is a natural and obvious procedure to approximate it with a sequence of continuous, piecewise linear functions: take $N$ equally spaced points in $[a,b]$ ...
- 8,775
2
votes
0
answers
128
views
Slice a compact C1 surface in R3 by a moving transverse plane. Does the length of the slice depend C1 on the plane?
To be more precise I am interested in questions similar to the one below
(I asked the question below on math.stackexchange last week but got not answer.)
I have a $C^1$ function $f:[0,1]^2 \to \...
- 1,517
2
votes
0
answers
274
views
Looking for author of calculus quote
When I was a lowly calculus student many many years ago, my calculus teacher quoted some famous mathemtician: "Calculus is the last course in arithmetic and the first course in mathematics that one ...
1
vote
0
answers
158
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Reconstructing an object from its shadow
I'm looking into the section "Reconstructing an object from its shadow" in the book Introduction to the Mathematics of Medical Imaging by Charles L. Epstein.
I have two questions
The ...
- 11
1
vote
1
answer
59
views
Joint maximizer of a strongly concave function
I have a question that is arising in my research.
Suppose that $f : \mathbb{R}^ 2 \to \mathbb{R}$ is a strongly concave function, satisfying:
For every $x$, the function $y \to f(x, y)$ is maximized ...
- 11
1
vote
0
answers
96
views
Implicit function theorem / Implicit selections when Jacobian not invertible
I saw the attached result in the book by Dontchev and Rockafellar.
It requires the Jacobian to be of full rank m. I suspect this condition can be further relaxed. Assume that we know that the columns ...
- 383
1
vote
0
answers
130
views
Time-scale calculus (an similar approaches - measure chains) on more general "time" sets
Time-scale calculus [0], also called calculus on measure chains (introduced in this widely cited article [1] and also here [2]) unified the concept of derivative of a functions $\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\...
- 419
1
vote
0
answers
35
views
How to relate this integration with the integral expansion of special functions?
I encounter the following integral when trying to find the inverse Fourier transform of the characteristic function of a certain sum of random variables. Here, $p\ge0$, $q\ge0$ are real, and $n,a,b$ ...
- 11
1
vote
0
answers
84
views
In matrix product, differentiate one element with respect to another element
Background
Consider a system (roughly) along the lines of those shown in Sims, C. A. (2002). Solving linear rational expectations models, where you have
$$ AX_{t+1} = CX_t + M $$
where matrix $M$ is a ...
- 11
1
vote
0
answers
47
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Solving $\frac{dy}{dx}=1+(a_mx^m+a_{m-1}x^{m-1}+...+a_0)y^2$
I have a problem with the following equation,
$\frac{dy}{dx}=1+P_m(x)y^2$
Where $P_m(x)$ is a polynomial function. I have solution for $P_m(x)=x$ using Mathematica, and Prof @Claude Leibovici solved ...
user161091
1
vote
0
answers
103
views
Reference for numerical solutions for differential equations like $f'(x)=f(x+1)+f(x-1)$
One can solve a delay differential equation (like for example $f'(x)=f(x-1)$) if we have a function as a bounded condition (in my example we need to know $f$ on $[0,1)$) and then use a simple forward ...
- 121
1
vote
0
answers
135
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Determining a Closed Formula for the Positive Zeroes of the $n^{th}$ Derivatives of the Function $x↦x^{-x}$
The derivatives of the function $ f(x)=x^{-x}$ have interesting properties, especially when looking at their roots. I am interested in studying the behavior of the roots of the derivatives as the ...
1
vote
0
answers
707
views
The derivative of an integral function with indicator and max function as integrand
I encounter the following type of problem:
\begin{equation}
F(x) = \int_a^b \mathbf{1}_{\{v+x-h(v)\geq 0\}}\max\{h(v)-y-x,0\}dv
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{1}_{\{z\geq 0\}}=1$ if event $z\geq 0$ ...
- 35
1
vote
0
answers
92
views
Developing a functional equation for log-integral of theta function
I'm studying $u(z,q):=\exp(\left[\tfrac{\pi q}{12}-\ln2-\sum_{k\ge1}\ln(1-e^{-2k\pi q})\right]z+\int_1^z\ln\varphi(x,q)\,dx)$ , with $$\varphi(z,q)=2e^{-\pi qz^2-\pi q/4}\sinh \pi qz\prod_{k\ge1}(1-e^{...
- 149
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vote
0
answers
100
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Show this function is strictly concave
Please help me show that $f(w)$ is strictly concave in $w\in[0,\infty)$:
$f(w)=\sum_{j=1}^N P_j (w)\cdot u_j $
where
$P_j (w)=\sqrt{w}\int _{-\infty}^{\infty}\Pi_{k\neq j}\{\Phi[\sqrt{w}(v-u_k)]\}...
1
vote
0
answers
245
views
Fractional Derivatives Of Sums
I have a question regarding the definition of a fractional derivative. I've searched, but I can't find a definition of fractional derivatives that explain the concept in terms of an operator on some ...
- 96
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votes
0
answers
52
views
Integral of non-Gaussian distributions
In physics, we have an non-Gaussian Distribution which can be simply written as $f(x)=\exp(-ax^2-bx^3)$, and we may need to calculate the integral of this distribution, simply written as $\int_0^\...
- 11
0
votes
0
answers
75
views
Blow-up of solutions to Euler-type ODEs
Let $\ell\in \mathbb{N}$, $a>2$, $C<0$ and $D \in [0,\infty)$. Consider the function $f: [1,\infty) \to \mathbb{R}$ solving
$$[r(r-2/a)f'(r)]' = \frac{f(r) - D}{r(r-2/a)}+ \ell(\ell+1)f(r)$$
$$f(...
- 885
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votes
0
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129
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Integration on algebraic curves
Consider the plane algebraic curve
$$f(x, y) = y^4 - (2x - 1)y^2 - (4x - 1) y + x^2 + x + 1 = 0.\tag{1}$$
Its compactification results in a Riemann surface $C_1$ of genus $1$.
Hence, it can be ...
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votes
0
answers
46
views
Does the gradient theorem holds for a continuous function with weak derivatives on a convex set?
Let $\Omega$ be a convex open set in $n$-dimensional Euclidean space whose closure is compact.
Let $f$ be a real-valued continuous function on $\overline{\Omega}$ which also belongs to the Sobolev ...
- 2,749
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votes
0
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63
views
Integration of matrix form of Vasicek variance (Python/Matlab)
$X_t$ is a vector and follows the following Vasicek process.
$$
dX_t=(mu-K\cdot X_t)dt+Sigma_x\cdot dZ_t \\
$$
What is the variance of $X_t$?
In scalar form the answer is $\frac{Sigma_x^2}{2\cdot K}\...
- 1
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votes
0
answers
81
views
What is the standard terminology for the quantity $\|\nabla f\|_{L^2(\mu)} := \sqrt{\int_{\mathbb R^d}\|\nabla f(x)\|^2d\mu(x)}$?
Let $f:\mathbb R^d \to \mathbb R$ be a continuously differentiable function and let $\mu$ be a probability measure on $\mathbb R^d$.
Question. What is the standard teminology for the quantity $\|\...
- 6,726
0
votes
0
answers
112
views
Roots of a family of 4-parameter polynomials
Let $k, \ell, p$ and $q$ be positive integers, with $q>p>1$ and $\gcd(p,q)=1$. Let $f(x)$ the polynomial given by
$$
f(x)=x^q-kx^{q-p}-\ell.
$$
This polynomial is related to a family of two-...
- 29
0
votes
0
answers
178
views
A vector calculus formula
Let me answer my own question, hoping to be forgiven for that.
I asked unsuccessfully that question on Mathematics. Let $A, B$ be vector fields in $\mathbb R^3$.
We have
$$
\text{curl}\bigl((A\cdot \...
- 15.2k
0
votes
0
answers
69
views
Looking for example of integral transformations that preserve number of zeros
Let $f:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} $ have $n<\infty$ zeros.
I am looking for non-trivial examples of integral transformation
\begin{align}
g(x)= \int f(t) h(t,x) dt
\end{align}
such that $f$ and $g$...
- 631
0
votes
0
answers
71
views
Existence of local minimizer
For a $f\in C^3$ function, if there is a sufficiently small $\epsilon$
$$\| \nabla F(x) \| < \epsilon$$
and a sufficiently large $\alpha$ where
$$\lambda_{\min}[\nabla^2 F(x)] \ge \alpha$$
Can ...
- 719