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I have a cosine-like data curve over $x \in [0,1]$ that I can rather well-fit by a function of the form $a \cos{2 \pi x} +b$. Although good, the fit is still lacking, in that the residuals from the ...

The usual formulation of $H^{-1}$ norm for a zero-mean periodic function on some domain $\Omega\in\mathbb{R}$ is as follows: $\|f\|^2_{H^{-1}}=\sum\limits_{k\in Z, k\neq 0}\dfrac{\hat{f}^2_k}{k^2}$, ...