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Consider a real analytic function $f(x)$ with a period of $2\pi.$ Let $t\in \operatorname{Range}(f(x))$, $$I(t)=\int_{0}^{2\pi}\log |t-f(x)|dx.$$ Prove that $I(t)$ is equal to a constant if and only ...

I am currently reading the 1998 article Dynamics of the Binary Euclidean Algorithm: Functional Analysis and Operators by Brigitte Vallée, which cites a 1928 article by R. M. Gabriel for the following ...