Questions tagged [continued-fractions]
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204
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Simple/Elementary derivation of Ramanujan's continued fraction for Hurwitz $\zeta(3,x+1)$
I came across this MSE post discussing a certain continued fraction for $\zeta(3)$ (more specifically, the Hurwitz zeta function $\zeta(s,z)$ at $s=3$) due to Ramanujan. I asked the original poster ...
3
votes
1
answer
75
views
Evaluating the generalized continued fraction obtained from the factorization of a bivariate polynomial equation
Happy New Year, MO community!
We need someone expert in Generalized Continued Fractions (GCFs), with a deep knowledge of the GCFs’ convergence properties, to solve the following problem.
PROBLEM
...
1
vote
1
answer
196
views
Calculating the value of periodic continued fractions with $a_i\in\lbrace 0,1\rbrace$
Question:
How can the value of continued fractions of the form
$$y:=a_0+\cfrac{1}{a_1+\cfrac{1}{a_2+\cfrac{1}{a_3+\cfrac{1}{\begin{align}\ddots& \\ &a_{n-1}+\cfrac{1}{a_n+y}\end{align}}}}}$$
$$...
2
votes
0
answers
61
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Elementary recursion for the A258173
Let $a(n)$ be A258173 i.e. sum over all Dyck paths of semilength $n$ of products over all peaks $p$ of $y_p$, where $y_p$ is the $y$-coordinate of peak $p$.
A Dyck path of semilength $n$ is a $(x,y)$-...
0
votes
1
answer
256
views
Factorization trees and (continued) fractions?
This question is inspired by trying to understand the lexicographic sorting of the natural numbers in the fractal at this question:
Is $1 = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\pi(p_n^2)-n+2}{p_n^3-p_n}$ , ...
4
votes
2
answers
275
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Approximating a fraction with a given denominator
Let $M$, $N$ be large natural numbers (say ~200 bits). Let $L$ be a smaller number, (say ~100 bits).
I want to approximate the fraction:
$$\frac{M}{N} \sim \frac{k}{L+r}$$
where $r$ is at most $L$. In ...
2
votes
1
answer
189
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What can we say about the reciprocal of a reduced regular continued fraction?
For positive integers $a>b>0$, we can represent $a/b$ uniquely as $$\frac{a}{b}=a_1-\cfrac{1}{a_2-\cfrac{1}{\cdots-\cfrac{1}{a_n}}}=:[a_1,\dots,a_n]^{-}$$ with $a_i\geq 2$, and this is called ...
4
votes
0
answers
159
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Simple continued fraction of Freiman's constant
The quadratic irrational $\frac{2221564096+283748\sqrt{462}}{491993569}$ is known as Freiman's constant and arises in the theory of continued fractions. I'm curious as to its simple continued ...
2
votes
0
answers
72
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Is the continued fraction of a constructible number special in some way?
Rationals have finite CF and quadratic have periodic CF. CF in turn can be represented in terms of the modular group SL2(Z), e.g. using the standard generators S(z)=-1/z and T(z)=z+1. On the other ...
6
votes
1
answer
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Finding the continued fraction for the "tails" of $\eta(3)$
I am interested in the continued fractions for the "tails" or "correction term" of the series sum of specific constants. For example, the Madhava's correction term for $\pi/4$:
$$
\...
0
votes
0
answers
79
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Numerical detection of Cantori
It is known that as parameters vary in Hamiltonian system, KAM tori can break [1,2].
How to construct numerically the breaking tori?
The most relevant paper that I could find is [3,4].
But it uses ...
2
votes
1
answer
142
views
A bijection between odd natural integers and compositions
Given an odd natural integer $2a-1$ with $a\geq 1$, associate to it recursively the composition $\psi(1)=\emptyset$ and $\psi(2^{-n}a)+(n+\delta_{>1}(m))$ if $a=2^n m$ with $m$ odd where $\delta_{&...
6
votes
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answers
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Complexity of continued fraction arithmetic operations
Let $A = [a_0; a_1, \dots]$ and $B = [b_0; b_1, \dots]$ be continued fractions.
Let's say that we want to compute $A+B$ or $A \cdot B$ while staying in the continued fraction representation. So, for ...
1
vote
0
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Proving that quotient of orthogonal polynomials is a Padé approximant of Stieltjes transform
This question is reposted from Math Stack Exchange (you can see the original post here). The motivation for reposting is that I feel like the question isn't getting much attention in MSE - if there is ...
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Series reversion using something like continued fraction
Let $f(n)$ be an arbitrary function such that $f(n)\in\mathbb{Z}$.
Let
$$
F(x)=\sum\limits_{m\geqslant 0}f(m)x^m
$$
Define the operator $\operatorname{SR}$, which is associated with the series ...
18
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0
answers
697
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Are these continued fractions of integrals known?
Simplified repost of Are these continued fractions of integrals known? on MSE
EDIT: The period of the oscillations of $$f(s)=\dfrac1{1+\dfrac s{1+\dfrac{s^2/2!}{1+\dfrac{s^3/3!}{1+\cdots}}}}$$ ...
5
votes
1
answer
174
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On four Ramanujan-type "Legendrian" sequences with a 3-term recurrence?
I. Recurrences
In a previous post, it was mentioned how Almkvist-Zudilin did a computer search for solutions to the recurrence relation,
$$(n+1)^3s_{n+1}=(2n+1)(an^2+an+b)s_n+c\,n^3s_{n-1}$$
within a ...
7
votes
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answers
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On H. Cohen's four continued fractions for $\zeta(3), \zeta(5), \zeta(7)$?
After 6 years from this old MO post, I finally find in the literature polynomials of deg-$5$ for the continued fraction of $\zeta(5)$.
I. Recurrences involving $\zeta(5)$
In Cohen's 2022 paper, ...
2
votes
0
answers
148
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Finding similar Zudilin-Cohen recurrence relations and cfracs for $\frac{\zeta(4)}{13}$?
I. Two recurrence relations
The first one was also discussed in this MO post. We have the similar,
\begin{align}
(n+1)^5 u_{n+1} &= (2n + 1)(9n^2 + 9n + 3)(15n^2 + 15n + 4)u_n +3n^3(9n^2-1)u_{n-1}\...
7
votes
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Can you identify this irrational number?
There is a certain number, say $v$. I can prove it is irrational. That would be more interesting if it is expressible in terms of known values ... zeta functions, Catalan's number, L-functions, etc. ...
8
votes
2
answers
576
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On Zagier's missing continued fraction with multiple limits?
I. Zagier's continued fraction
As pointed out by Gorodetsky in his answer, Zagier evaluated the continued fractions associated with his six sporadic sequences excepting the one for $(-9,-3,-27)$. Let $...
6
votes
1
answer
250
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On the continued fractions using Cooper's sequences $s_7,\, s_{10},\, s_{18}$ and the Zudilin-Cohen sequence
In a previous MO post, H. Cohen suggested Gorodetsky's 2021 paper which discussed $6+6+3=15$ "sporadic sequences". The first 6 are Zagier's sporadic sequences, the second 6 are by Almkvist-...
10
votes
2
answers
648
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On 12 cfracs: for Catalan's $K$, Gieseking's $\kappa$, and $\pi^2$, $\pi^3$, plus three for $\zeta(3)$ using Zagier's "six sporadic sequences"
I. Some functions
As these will be used in the continued fraction evaluations below, recall the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s),$ and Dirichlet beta function $\beta(s),$
$$\beta(s) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty\...
-1
votes
2
answers
105
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How to solve the following infinite ladder fraction? ( Through pen & paper ) [closed]
The fraction continues till infinity as shown in the image :
0
votes
0
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108
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Improving Diophantine approximation by rescaling
Let $\lambda\in(0,1)$ be an irrational number such that its continued fraction expansion is bounded (for example, an irrational quadratic number, whose continued fraction is periodic). It is known ...
3
votes
1
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164
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The growth of certain continued fractions
I was recently looking into an old problem of Hardy which studies the distribution of integers of the form $2^a 3^b \leq x$, where $a,b\geq 0$. Letting $N(x)$ denote the number of pairs $(a,b)$ ...
0
votes
2
answers
207
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Natural extension of the Gauss map
Let $G:(0,1)\to(0,1)$ be the Gauss map, i.e., $G(x)=\left\{\frac1{x}\right\}$, which is known to act as the shift on the space of continued fraction expansions.
Question. Is there an explicit ...
10
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1
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269
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Bibliography request: Entropy for continued fractions
Given a strictly positive real number $x$ we set $e(x)=\log(1+x)$ if $x$ is an integer and
$$e(x)=\log(1+x)+\frac{1+\lbrace x\rbrace}{1+x}\left(e(1/\lbrace x\rbrace)-\log(1+\lbrace x\rbrace)\right)$$
...
5
votes
0
answers
202
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Very slow continued fraction convergence
Let $a(0)+b(0)/(a(1)+b(1)/(a(2)+b(2)/(a(3)+\dots)))$ be a continued fraction, and $p(n)/q(n)$ its $n$-th convergent. If it converges (i.e., $p(n)/q(n)$ tends to some limit
$S$ as $n\to\infty$), then $...
2
votes
0
answers
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Curious sequences associated to continuous fractions
Given a strictly positive initial rational number $x_0$ in $\mathbb Q_>$
we define a sequence $x_0,x_1,\ldots$ recursively by
setting $x_{n+1}=x_n+1/S(x_n)$
for $S(x)=a_0+a_1+\ldots+a_k$
where $[...
6
votes
1
answer
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Are these continued fractions for the "tails" of $\zeta(3)$ and of the Catalan constant known?
For polynomials $a=a(x)$ and $b=b(x)$, define the continued fraction $$f(a,b):=a(1)+ \lower 2pt\overset{\infty }{\underset{n=1}{\mathbb{\LARGE K}}}~\dfrac{b(n)}{a(n+1)}=a(1)+\cfrac{b(1)}{a(2) + \cfrac{...
3
votes
0
answers
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Infinite families of continued fractions for the Catalan constant
The recent answer to an old question of mine made me aware of The Ramanujan Machine. So it seems like so far, the number of continued fraction representations for $\zeta(3)$ of this polynomial kind is ...
2
votes
1
answer
409
views
Period of continued fraction expansion and class number
Let $d>1$ be not a square. Then the continued fraction expansion of $\sqrt d$ is $[a_0; \overline{a_1,\dots,a_\ell}]$, where $a_0=\lfloor \sqrt d\rfloor$ and $a_\ell=2a_0$.
Thus, $\ell=\ell(d)$.
...
1
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0
answers
84
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Quasiperiodic sequence, finite differences, recursion
Consider a sequence $\{an\}$ consisting of fractional parts of the numbers $an$ for natural numbers $n$ where $a$ is an irrational number. Its $n$th value is in the interval $(x;y)$ for numbers $n = ...
9
votes
2
answers
622
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Is $\mathbb{Q}$ the orbit of a rational function under iteration?
In this previous post I asked for the smallest set of continuous real functions that could generate $\mathbb Q$ by iteration starting from $0$. Surprisingly one continuous function suffices.
In the ...
2
votes
0
answers
72
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Is there a finite set of polynomials generating all rational numbers by iteration?
In this previous post I asked for the smallest set of continuous real functions that could generate $\mathbb{Q}$ by iteration starting from 0. Surprisingly one continuous function suffices.
The ...
33
votes
2
answers
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What is the smallest set of real continuous functions generating all rational numbers by iteration?
I recently came across this problem from USAMO 2005:
"A calculator is broken so that the only keys that still
work are the $\sin$, $\cos$, $\tan$, $\arcsin$, $\arccos$ and $\arctan$ buttons. The ...
9
votes
1
answer
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$\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ and continued fractions?
I know the following facts: $\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ is generated by everyone's favorite matrices
\begin{equation*}
S =
\begin{pmatrix}
0 & -1 \\
1 & 0
\end{pmatrix}
\end{equation*}
and
\...
1
vote
1
answer
179
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A continued J fraction for $a_n = \frac{1}{(n+1)^2}$?
The following is called a J continued fraction:
$$\cfrac{\alpha_0}{1+a_0x-\cfrac{b_1x^2}{1+a_1x-\cfrac{b_2x^2}{1+a_2x-\cdots}}}$$
where the constants are real numbers. Let $\alpha_n= \frac{1}{(n+1)^2}$...
0
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0
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133
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A question on continued J-fraction
Consider the following two continued fractions $A$ and $B$:
$$\frac{\alpha_0}{1+a_0x-\frac{b_1x^2}{1+a_1x-\frac{b_2x^2}{1+a_2x-\cdots}}}$$
$$\frac{\beta_0}{1+c_0x-\frac{d_1x}{1+c_1x-\frac{d_2x}{1+c_2x-...
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votes
2
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A special class of weighted Motzkin paths
Consider Motzkin paths with the following weight:
All up-steps and the horizontal steps on height $0$ have weight $1$, all down-steps have weight $t$ and the horizontal steps on even heights have ...
3
votes
1
answer
246
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Distance formula for continued fractions
In the book Neverending fractions from Borwein, van der Poorten, Shallit and Zudilin, there is the so called distance formula (Theorem 2.45, p. 43) stated:
$$\alpha_1\alpha_2\cdot...\cdot\alpha_n=\...
3
votes
0
answers
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Reconstructing elements of $\mathbb Q$ in $\mathbb Z_p$
Can a rational number $a/b$ (with $b$ coprime to a prime number $p$) be recovered efficiently from a $p$-adic expansion of the form
$$\frac{a}{b}=\sum_{j=0}^\infty x_jp^j,\ x_j\in\{0,\ldots,p-1\}\ ?$$
...
16
votes
1
answer
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Extending Apéry's proof to Catalan's constant?
I've been looking into Apéry's irrationality proof of $\zeta (3)$, and one of the first questions I instantly had, was how did he derive the following continued fraction?
$$\begin{equation*} \zeta (3)=...
3
votes
1
answer
249
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What is the sequence of badly approximable numbers to omit in Hurwitz' second Theorem for Diophantine Approximation to obtain better constants?
The well known result of Hurwitz on Diophantine approximation says that for any irrational $\alpha$ there are infinitely many integer numbers $p$ and $q$ such that
$$
|\alpha -\frac{p}{q}|<\frac{1}{...
5
votes
1
answer
272
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Continued fraction associated to KdV solitons
Background (may be skipped by those interested only in the basic question and not important associations):
“An essay on continued fractions” by Euler (translated by Myra and Bostwick Wyman) contains ...
3
votes
0
answers
505
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Fundamental Units in $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{d}]$ with $d \equiv 1 \mod 4$
It is well known and often cited how the fundamental units for the number ring of $\mathbb{Q}[\sqrt{d}]$ look like. In the case of $d\equiv 2,3 \mod 4$ the number ring is $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{d}]$ and in ...
4
votes
0
answers
300
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Is the set of approximating sequences for irrationals dominating?
Let $r\in [0,1]\setminus\mathbb{Q}$, let $\mathbb{N}$ denote the set of non-negative integers and let $\mathbb{N}_+=\mathbb{N}\setminus\{0\}$. For $n\in\mathbb{N}_+$ let $$\alpha_r(n)=\min\{|r-\frac{...
2
votes
1
answer
194
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Fibonacci-Motzkin paths and J-type continued fractions
Recall that a Motzkin path is a piece-wise linear planar path
connecting points in the integer lattice quadrant
$\Bbb{Z}_{\geq 0} \times \Bbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$ beginning at the origin $(0,0)$ and
ending at ...
2
votes
1
answer
292
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(Exponential) Mixing property for Gauss map - going from cylinders to intervals
I'm trying to understand the proof of a mixing property of the Gauss map from the paper - 'Some metrical theorems in number theory' and I'm getting confused by the logic in a step.
The Gauss map $T$, ...