Questions tagged [computational-number-theory]
Computational Number Theory is for explicit calculations or algorithms involving anything of interest to number theorists.
445
questions
3
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Number of lattice points on spheres with center not at the origin
Let $k\ge1$. It is known that the number of lattice points on the $k$-sphere $S^k(0)$ (center at the origin, radius $R$), namely the size of $\mathbb{Z}^{k+1}\cap S^k(0)$, is bounded by $R^{k-1+\...
5
votes
0
answers
195
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Is there some computational evidence of the $pq$ analog of Serre's conjecture?
The $pq$ analog of Serre's conjecture (see "Mod pq Galois representations and Serre's Conjecture"- Khare, Kiming) states that if $\bar{\rho}_1:G_{\mathbb{Q}}\rightarrow \text{GL}_2(\mathbb{F}_p)$ is a ...
-1
votes
1
answer
670
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summation of Euler totient function
Let $\phi(n)$ be the Euler totient function and let $2\leq k\in\mathbb{N}$. For $m\in\mathbb{N}$, are there any known results, upper bounds (tighter than just removing the coprimality) or ...
3
votes
1
answer
103
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Is coprimality in $NC$?
Following reference https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e86e/8d7a267a29b9ad4ca112828109adfec55e8b.pdf claims integer coprimality is in $NC$ and it also has one citation. Is this claim valid?
2
votes
0
answers
122
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Coppersmith's method to quadrivariate degree $2$ polynomials that behave as bivariate?
We have a polynomial $f(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4)\in\mathbb Z[x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4]$ where the only monomials are either from set $$\{x_1,x_1x_2,x_2,x_3,x_3x_4,x_4\}$$ and we seek solutions $(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4)\in\...
0
votes
1
answer
808
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Conjecture that relates matrix systems with some specific functions as solution sets
what is written below is a conjecture that I posed , and I ask for a proof or a disproof of it .I have checked the conjecture from $n$=$1$ up to $n$=$10$ using Matlab, and all results were in ...
11
votes
2
answers
401
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Extension of Dickson's theorem on integers of the form $a^2+b^2+2c^2$
Theorems V in this paper of L.E. Dickson states that the following two sets are equal. $$E=\{a^2+b^2+2c^2 \ | \ a,b,c \in \mathbb{Z}\} \ \text{ and } \ F=\mathbb{N} \setminus \{4^k(16n+14) \ | \ k,n \...
2
votes
1
answer
170
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Decide if a system of arithmetic sequences is an $m$-cover of $\mathbb{N}$
Let $A = \{ a_i + b_i \mathbb{N} \}_{i=1}^{k}$, where $a_1, \ldots, a_k \in \mathbb{N} \cup \{0\}$ and $b_1, \ldots, b_k \in \mathbb{N}$ be a system of arithmetic sequences.
For a positive integer $m$...
4
votes
1
answer
284
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Is total degree version and $x,y$ degree version of Coppersmith's theorem correct?
The notes here https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~cpeikert/lic13/lec04.pdf have the note 'Small decryption exponent $d$: so far the best known attack recovers $d$ if it is less than $N^{.292}$. This uses a ...
1
vote
0
answers
26
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Uncertainty in semiprime factors
What is maximum $p\in(0,\frac12)$ such that if we know $2p\in(0,1)$ fraction of bits of $PQ$ with $P,Q$ primes it is possible to identify $p$ fraction of bits in each of $P,Q$ with certainty in ...
18
votes
4
answers
994
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In which cyclic cubic number fields does there exist this type of unit?
Let $K$ be a cyclic cubic number field with conductor $f$ and ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_K$.
Define $K$ to be blue if and only if $$\operatorname{Norm}_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(w) = \operatorname{Norm}_{K/...
1
vote
1
answer
451
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Taking pairwise coprime integers from prescribed sets
Given $m$ and $n$ in $\mathbb Z_{>0}$ what is the computational complexity of picking $n$ pairwise coprime integers each of $m$ bits when they exist?
Given $m$ and $n$ in $\mathbb Z_{>0}$ what ...
1
vote
1
answer
175
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How many iterations the best biprime factoring method has to factor a number [closed]
I'm researching method of biprime number factoring. I have a biprime number 1012322327 * 1115382761 (19 decimal digits= 1129126872111204847). I'd like to know how many iterations (or trials) the best ...
12
votes
0
answers
1k
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Euler's totient function and Riemann hypothesis
I am looking for an upper-bound of the Euler's totient function $\varphi$ which would be equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis (RH). There is the following Nicolas' criterion about primorial numbers $...
12
votes
1
answer
292
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Factoring polynomials over the abelian closure of the rationals
What algorithms are known to perform the following task?
Input: a univariate polynomial over the rationals $f \in \mathbb{Q}[t]$.
Output: the factorization of $f$ into irreducible factors over the ...
11
votes
1
answer
470
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$p$-adic sums of $p$ terms
My question is inspired by this riddle: Let $p \geq 5$ be prime, and let
$$ 1 + \frac 1 2 + \frac 1 3 + \dots + \frac 1 {p-1} = \frac a b $$
where $a/b$ is the fraction expressed in lowest terms. ...
17
votes
2
answers
941
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Analogues of the Riemann zeta function that are more computationally tractable?
Many years ago, I was surprised to learn that Andrew Odlyzko does not consider the existing computational evidence for the Riemann hypothesis to be overwhelming. As I understand it, one reason is as ...
0
votes
1
answer
157
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Parity and number of squares taken by polynomials in a range?
I have a polynomial $f(x)=a^2x^2+bx+c\in\mathbb Z[x]$ with $f(x)$ not a constant times a square and $abc\neq0$ and I want to know how many $x$ between $-a$ and $a$ the polynomial is a perfect square. ...
4
votes
1
answer
316
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Higher roots modulo prime complexity best algorithm
Given integers $a,\ell$ and prime $p$ we need to find the roots of the algebraic equation $x^\ell\equiv a\bmod p$. We know there are at most $\ell$ such $x$.
What is the best method to find all such ...
3
votes
1
answer
77
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Level sums, displacements: how to determine them efficiently?
Let $R =\mathbb{Z}/N \mathbb{Z}$. Let $f:R\to \mathbb{R}$,
$\rho:R\to \lbrack 0,1\rbrack$. We assume that it takes trivial time to compute any given value $f(m)$ or $\rho(m)$.
Define $$S(\delta,m) = ...
2
votes
0
answers
332
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lower bounding the absolute value of a determinant
In a problem that I'm working on currently, the following question came up and I feel this should be fairly elementary, but I couldn't prove it myself/couldn't find a reference. Any pointers or ...
3
votes
0
answers
186
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Factoring problem similar to $RSA$ structure that is possibly not $NP$ complete and not $coNP$ also?
Standard factoring problem $\Pi_1$ is 'Given integers $N$ and $M$ is there a factor $d\in[1,M]$ of $N$?'. This is in $NP$ since such a factor is the witness and in $coNP$ since one can check all the ...
2
votes
2
answers
2k
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Efficient sum of squares decomposition
Sum of 4 squares decomposition is the well-known result. I'm interested only in negative/non-negative separation with focus on efficiency and large numbers. I'm looking for alternatives or extensions ...
6
votes
4
answers
538
views
(Non)uniqueness of the common-factor graph
Let $S=\{x_1,\ldots,x_k\}$ be a set of $k$ distinct natural numbers,
a subset of $\{1,\ldots,n\} = \mathbb{N}_{\le n}$.
Define the common-factor graph $G(S)$ as the (undirected) graph with
a node for ...
1
vote
0
answers
343
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approaching the border between absolute convergence and divergence of series
Let us consider absolute convergent series $\ell^{1^+}$ ordered under eventual dominance (mod finite) $<^*$. T. Bartoszynski proved that unbounded number ${\frak b}(\ell^{1^+}, <^*)$ equals ...
8
votes
2
answers
938
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How to compute Dedekind eta function efficiently?
According to wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedekind_eta_function, Dedekind eta function is defined in many equivalent forms. But none of them is an explicit description (say in algorithmic ...
1
vote
1
answer
137
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How to compute the Müller modular polynomials?
According to R.A.Kazmi's dissertation "Isogenies and Cryptography" (Page 22), given an isogeny degree $l$, the Müller modular polynomials are defined as
$$G_l(x,y)=\sum_{r=0}^{l+1}\sum_{k=0}^{v}a_{...
19
votes
1
answer
883
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What computer program for automorphic forms
This question has its origins in this entertaining discussion on MO.
There are many programs (CAS) and libraries that are able to handle algebraic expressions. These are both a verification tool for (...
4
votes
1
answer
747
views
Conjecture on palindromic numbers
The conjecture is as follows:
Let $n\in\mathbb{N}\setminus\{1\}$. Define $a(n)=2^n+1$ and the set:
$$S(n) = \{ (a(n)^m+1)/2\ :\ m\in \mathbb{N}_0\}.$$
Then for all $c\in\mathbb{N}$, the number $(a(n)...
2
votes
0
answers
132
views
Quick computation of a certain exponential sum
Is there a quick way to compute (somewhat accurately) for large $X$, the following exponential sum, where $\Lambda$ is the von Mangoldt function?
$$\int_0^1 \bigg|\sum_{n\le X} \Lambda(n)e(n\alpha)\...
5
votes
1
answer
601
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Eulerian ordering of the integers modulo n
Let $n>1$ be an integer. Consider the set $C_n := \{0,1, \dots , n-1\}$.
An Eulerian ordering of $C_n$ is an ordering $r_1, \dots, r_n$ of its elements such that:
$$\forall i \le n \ \forall j&...
11
votes
1
answer
470
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Representing field elements in a computer
I'm wondering if there is existing terminology to describe fields $F$ with the properties below. I don't have a completely precise description of the concept I have in mind, but hopefully this will be ...
3
votes
0
answers
96
views
Deterministic procedure to find irreducible polynomials
In $\Bbb F_q[x_1,\dots,x_n]$ given $d_1,\dots,d_n\in\Bbb N$ is there a deterministic $O(poly(nd\log q))$ algorithm to find an irreducible polynomial with $d=\max_{i\in\{1,\dots,n\}}d_i$ and $d_i=deg(...
8
votes
1
answer
479
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simple conjecture on palindromes in base 10 [closed]
The conjecture says that for any a, b belong to the the set of non-negative integers ($a$ and $b$ are not necessarily distinct), taking any natural value of $c$; we have always that $$(10^c-1) \cdot \...
6
votes
2
answers
308
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Computing the relative class group (with Galois action) of relatively large cyclotomic groups
For a cyclotomic field $K = \mathbb Q(\zeta_n)$, let $K^+$ be its maximal totally real subfield. We know that $H^+ = Cl(K^+)$ injects into $H = Cl(K)$. I am interested in computing the group $H/H^+$ ...
5
votes
1
answer
1k
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Solving a system of linear equations over the integers
I have a matrix with integral entries $A$ and integer vector $b$, and want to determine if there is exactly one vector $x$ such that $Ax=b$. $A$ is rectangular, and I know there always is a solution.
...
4
votes
1
answer
254
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Combinatorial computational problem about 0-1 vectors and sampling algorithms
Let $M \in \{0,1\}^{m\times n}$, where $n\gg 1$ and $m\le n$. A procedure consisting of the following three steps is repeated $t\gg 1$ times:
A row $\require{amsmath} \boldsymbol{r}$ of $M$ picked in ...
0
votes
1
answer
186
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Could the sequence A287326 be generalized in order to receive expansion of natural power n>3? [closed]
The sequence https://oeis.org/A287326 - is Binomial distributed triangular array, that shows us necessary items to expand perfect cube $n^3$. Summation of $n$-th row of Triangle A287326 from $0$ to $n-...
0
votes
1
answer
120
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How many integers $x$ satisfy that $x*p(x) \leq n$, where $p(x)$ means the largest prime factor of $x$?
I guess that the number of integers $x$ which satisfy the condition $x*p(x) \leq n$ is $O(n^{2/3})$ or $O(n^{3/4} / \ln n$), but I cannot prove it. I just write a program to count the number. The ...
13
votes
2
answers
1k
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Question on the 50th (known) Mersenne prime number
In a footnote to the list of known Mersenne prime numbers which can be found here, we read that the "ranking" therein is a provisional one since not all possible exponents between $37 \, 156 \, 667$ ...
6
votes
2
answers
381
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Is the nth-power-sum graph connected?
This post was inspired by the Square-Sum Problem presented in Numberphile by Matt Parker.
He asked about Hamiltonianness for $n=2$, and we ask about connectedness for all $n \in \mathbb{N}^*$.
...
2
votes
1
answer
225
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A problem of divisibility
I came across the following problem. Find two integers, $u_{n}$ and $v_{n}$, such that
$$a_{n}=4u_{n}v_{n}+(6n-1)v_{n}+(6n-1)u_{n}+8n^{2}-4n$$
divides
$$b_{n}=-(2n-1)u_{n}v_{n}-(2n^{2}-3n)v_{n}-(2n^...
5
votes
1
answer
330
views
Fastest deterministic factoring algorithm in subexponential space?
Strassen's factoring algorithm shows that $\text{FACTORING} \in \text{DTIME}(N^{\frac{1}{4}+o(1)})$, but if I'm not mistaken in my analysis it also uses a similar amount of space. By making a trade-...
13
votes
2
answers
781
views
GRH and the rank of elliptic curves
I have been using the Magma calculator recently, and while calculating ranks of elliptic curves with very big coefficients, there is a possibility to assume GRH is true, which signaficantly speeds up ...
3
votes
1
answer
230
views
Norm of a Vector in a Number Field (or Order in a Number Field)
I am looking for a measurement, which gives a length of a vector in a number Field? Is there any way or definition for that.
For the Maximal order, What if, I tried to define a map from Maximal order ...
0
votes
0
answers
255
views
Hercules and the Hydra with time constraints
The game of Hercules vs. the Hydra can be put in terms of a single number in hereditarily-factorized form. For example, if the Hydra is $2^{19^3} \cdot 5^{11^7}$, Hercules must choose between two ...
12
votes
1
answer
539
views
Seeking references for finding primes infinitely often
I've been pondering this weakened version of the finding primes problem for a while:
Is there an algorithm which given $k$ outputs a prime $p > 2^k$ in time $F(\log_2(p))$?
This differs from ...
4
votes
0
answers
118
views
Finding short linear combinations in abelian groups
Let $M$ be a finitely generated abelian group. Assume we are given a presentation of $M$, that is
\begin{equation*}
M = \frac{\bigoplus_{i=1}^r \mathbf{Z}g_i}{\sum_{j=1}^s \mathbf{Z} r_j}
\end{...
4
votes
0
answers
274
views
Parity of number of primes
In https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.3956 is it shown there is a $c>0$ such that $\pi(x)\bmod2$ can be computed in $o(x^{\frac12})$ time (more precisely number of primes $\bmod 2$ for an interval of ...
0
votes
0
answers
74
views
Transformation or correspondence between language and real number
As we know, formal language can be regarded as a set of strings of alphabet, and real number can be regarded as sequence generated by set of integers, for example, denominators of the simple continued ...