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It is known that for a primitive substitution $S:\mathcal{A}\to \mathcal{A}^+$, there exists constants $c,C>0$ such that $$ c\theta_S^n \leq \vert S^n(a)\vert \leq C \theta_S^n \quad \text{for all} ...

Let $A$ be an irreducible nonnegative $N\times N$ integer matrix with constant row sum $D$. Let $A_1, \dots, A_D$ be nonnegative integer matrices, each with constant row sum $1$, such that $\sum_k A_k ...