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Let $\Sigma$ be a compact orientable surface and let $G$ be a reductive algebraic group (say, $G=\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{C})$ for simplicity). The representation variety is $$ X_G(\Sigma) = \mathrm{Hom}(...

The holonomy provides a bijection from the space of flat $G$-connections (modulo gauge equivalence) on a trivial $G$-bundle over $M$ to a connected component of the representation variety $Hom(\...