Questions tagged [cardinal-arithmetic]
The cardinal-arithmetic tag has no usage guidance.
62
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Summing over continuum and uncountable numerocities [closed]
Here I want to address of the question if it is possible to make a sum over an uncontable set and discuss integration rules involving uncountably infinite constants.
I will provide introduction in ...
- 9,040
14
votes
1
answer
397
views
Topology and pcf theory
$\DeclareMathOperator\pcf{pcf}$For simplicity say $\aleph_\omega$ is a strong limit. Let $A=\pcf\{\aleph_n:n\in\omega\}$. Then it follows from basic properties of pcf operation that $X\subseteq A\...
- 333
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0
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87
views
A surjection from square onto power: Is limit Hartogs/Lindenbaum number necessary?
I am considering the construction in [Peng—Shen—Wu] in which the authors show the consistency of a set $X$ such that there is a surjection from $X^2$ onto the power set of $X$ (henceforth $\mathscr{P}(...
- 1,032
3
votes
0
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154
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Basic cardinal arithmetic without choice
Do we know everything about addition and multiplication of cardinalities in choiceless set theory?
For example, let $M$ be a model of $\textsf{ZF}+\textsf{AD}+V=L(\mathbb{R})$, consider the sets $\...
- 371
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votes
0
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Characterizations for SSH and SCH above an uncountable cardinal
SSH asserts that pp$(\lambda) =\lambda^+$ for every singular cardinal $\lambda$. There are two nice characterizations for SCH and SCH in terms of covering numbers (see for example "Large ...
- 199
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1
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605
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Does Tarski's squaring theorem imply Axiom of Choice in NFU?
I'm trying to see which results from mainstream set theory (ZF) about Axiom of Choice can be proved in New Foundations with Urelements (U is added simply because ...
- 341
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0
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188
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Does this proof by Shelah use any "hidden assumptions"?
Recall that the approachability ideal for $\kappa$, denoted $I[\kappa]$, consists of all sets $A\subseteq\kappa$ such that there is a sequence $\overline{a}=(a_{\alpha})_{\alpha\in\kappa}$ of bounded ...
- 1,058
15
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1
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391
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Can $\kappa^\lambda$ be large if $2^\lambda$ is small and $\lambda<\mathrm{cof}(\kappa)$?
We work in ZFC throughout. The following question was posed to me by a friend:
Can there exist cardinals $\kappa,\lambda$ such that $\lambda<\mathrm{cof}(\kappa)$ and $2^\lambda<\kappa<\...
- 26.2k
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138
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Existence of a large family of sets with big differences
Let $\lambda\leq\kappa$ be two cardinals and $\Gamma$ be a set with $|\Gamma|=\kappa$.
Question. Does there exist a family $\mathscr{A}\subseteq \{A\subseteq \Gamma: |A|=\lambda\}$ with $|\mathscr{A}|...
- 1,441
2
votes
1
answer
191
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Continuum function maximum
Easton's theorem can give a very weak nontrivial constraint on continuum function, but it does not hold for singular cardinals. So:
What are the non-trivial constraints on continuum function in ...
- 165
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1
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Cardinality of infinite towers of Alephs - can tower be more than countable?
Lets define function T as
$$T(0) = \aleph_0$$
$$T(1) = \aleph_{\aleph_0}$$
$$T(2) = \aleph_{\aleph_{\aleph_0}}$$
etc
No finite tower of alephs can reach the first inaccessible cardinal
My questions ...
- 185
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votes
0
answers
272
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Can be this "handwaving" idea about "counting" reals somehow put on solid ground?
We know that the Cantor's cardinality of a countable set is $\aleph_0$ and the cardinality of continuum is $2^{\aleph_0}=\aleph_0^{\aleph_0}$. Unfortunately, this measure is based on the idea of ...
- 9,040
11
votes
1
answer
448
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Does $\text{AC}_{\text{WO}}$ prove $\Theta \neq \aleph_{\omega+1}?$
The choice principle $\text{AC}_{\text{WO}}$ proves a large amount of cardinal arithmetic. It's well-known to imply DC, that successor cardinals are regular, and that for all $X$, there is $\lambda$ ...
- 3,622
11
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1
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Can this result in cardinal arithmetic be established without using pcf theory?
Suppose $\kappa\leq\mu$ are infinite cardinals. Let us agree to call a family $\mathcal{P}\subseteq[\mu]^{<\mu}$ a countably generating family for $[\mu]^\kappa$ if every member of $[\mu]^\kappa$ ...
- 7,337
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0
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170
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Reference request for an elementary identity in cardinal arithmetic
Let $\kappa$ be an infinite cardinal. Then we have
$$\beth_{\kappa+1} = \prod_{\alpha<\kappa} \beth_{\alpha} = \beth_{\kappa}^{\kappa}$$
The only non-trivial inequality is the first less-than-or-...
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1
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Minimum cardinality of a cofinal collection of countable subsets of a set
Setup
Let $X$ be a set of cardinality $\kappa\geq \aleph_0$.
Edit:
Based on Todd Eisworth's suggestion:
What is the minimum cardinality of a collection $\hat{X}$ of countable subsets of $X$ such that ...
- 4,961
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1
answer
378
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How can we know the well-foundedness of $\epsilon_0$?
I think the question can be quite philosophical, but I see that $WF(\epsilon_0)$ is widely accepted as one of the attributes of the natural numbers.
Gentzen proved $Con(PA)$ with $PRA+WF(\epsilon_0)$....
- 161
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0
answers
235
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Cardinal numbers and the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem
Let $\kappa$ be a cardinal number, define $\textsf{M}(\kappa)$ and $\textsf{BW}(\kappa)$ as follows:
$\textsf{M}(\kappa)$ : For every sequence $(f_{n}:\kappa\to \mathbb{R})_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ of real-...
- 551
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1
answer
274
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Model in $\mathsf{ZFC}$ such that ${\cal P}(\ldots)$ has "jumping property"
Is there a model of $\mathsf{ZFC}$ such that for every cardinal $\beta > \aleph_0$ there is a cardinal $\alpha < \beta$ such that $|{\cal P}(\alpha)|
>\beta$?
- 43.6k
4
votes
1
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Cardinal exponentiations inequality
Let $\kappa < \beth_2$ and $\lambda<\beth_1$ be cardinals. What can we say about $\kappa^{\lambda}$ without assuming CH? Is it true that $\kappa^{\lambda} < \beth_2$ or $\kappa^{<\beth_1} &...
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1
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Self-embeddings of uncountable total orders
A nice theorem of Dushnik and Miller (from 1940) states that if $(\Omega,\leq)$ is a countable total order, then either
there is an element $\omega \in \Omega$ such that $(\Omega \setminus \{\omega\}...
- 4,003
17
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2
answers
516
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Raising the index of accessibility
In the standard reference books Locally presentable and accessible categories (Adamek-Rosicky, Theorem 2.11) and Accessible categories (Makkai-Pare, $\S$2.3), it is shown that for regular cardinals $\...
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8
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0
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326
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Model for "$\kappa$ limit cardinal iff $2^\kappa$ limit cardinal"
Is there a model of ${\sf (ZFC)}$ such that in the model we have that $\kappa$ is a limit cardinal if and only if $2^\kappa$ is a limit cardinal?
- 43.6k
9
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0
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226
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Categorifying Hyperoperations
Is there some categorical version of tetration or higher hyperoperations?
This is motivated by the fact that coproducts categorify addition of finite cardinals, and products/exponentials categorify ...
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0
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175
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Generic two-cardinal behavior of first-order sentences
This is a hopefully improved version of a question I asked before and then deleted because it was based on some fundamentally incorrect assumptions.
Some first-order theories are able to control the ...
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3
votes
1
answer
116
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Approximation on separable topological space with size $\mathfrak{c}$
Let $X$ be a separable topological space of size $\mathfrak{c}$. By a simple function $\phi:X\to X$, we mean a finite range valued measurable function.
Q. Is it possible to find a sequence of ...
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1
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143
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On minimal generating sets of certain submodules
All our rings are commutative with unity.
For an $R$-module $M$ and a submodule $N$ of $M$ and ideal $I$ of $R$, let $(N:I):=\{m\in M : Im \subseteq N\}$. Let $\mu (M)$ denote the least cardinality ...
user111524
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0
answers
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Gitik's work on Shelah's weak hypothesis
It seems that Moti Gitik has recently refuted some variants of Shelah's weak hypothesis. For this see the title and abstract of his talk at the Set Theory, Model Theory and Applications conference.
I ...
- 31.2k
5
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1
answer
315
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Simultaneous failure of weak diamond
Let $\lambda$ be an infinite cardinal. Recall that Weak diamond $\Phi_S$ on $S\subseteq\lambda^+$ is the following principle:
For every function $F:2^{<\lambda^+}\rightarrow 2$, there exists $g\in ...
- 2,291
2
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1
answer
177
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Cardinality of generating sets of faithful modules over integral domain
Let $R$ be an integral domain. Let $\alpha$ be an infinite cardinal . Let $M$ be a faithful $R$-module such that $\mu(M)< \alpha$ . Let $N$ be a submodule of $M$ and $m\in M$ and $r\in R$ be such ...
user111524
1
vote
1
answer
153
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On cardinality of generating subsets of some submodules
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity. Let $\alpha$ be an infinite cardinal . Let $M$ be an $R$-module such that $\mu(M)< \alpha$ . Let $N$ be a submodule of $M$ and $m\in M$ and $r\in R$ be ...
user111524
15
votes
3
answers
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Dominating families in bigger cardinals
A dominating family on $\omega^\omega$ is a set $\mathcal D \subset \omega^\omega$ such that for every $f \in \omega^\omega$ there exists $g \in \mathcal D$ such that $f<^* g$ (that is, $f(n)<g(...
user46747
10
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1
answer
380
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Injection from $\aleph_2$ into the power set of $\mathbb{R}$
Assume $\mathsf{ZF} + \mathsf{DC}$. Must there exist an injection from $\aleph_2$ to $\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R})$? If not, what is the consistency strength of the nonexistence of such an injection?
I ...
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1
answer
310
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Does Laver Forcing add an infinitely often equal real?
Given a model $V$ of set theory and an inner model $W \subseteq V$, a real $x \in V \cap \omega^\omega$ is infinitely often equal over $W$ if for each real $y \in \omega^\omega$ there are infinitely $...
- 1,812
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1
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475
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What is the cofinality of $([\kappa]^\omega, \subseteq)$?
For an uncountable cardinal $\kappa$, we are interested in the least size of a cofinal subset of the partial order $([\kappa]^\omega, \subseteq)$. It is obvious that this cofinality is at least $\...
- 11.1k
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votes
2
answers
507
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Reals which must, can't or might be added by forcing
Let $W \subseteq V$ be an inner model of ZFC. There are a variety of theorems that characterize when a real $x \in V$ is the generic of a forcing notion $\mathbb P \in W$, for example, the ...
- 1,812
3
votes
1
answer
615
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Cardinality of ${\mathbb{C}_p}$ [closed]
I know, that field ${\mathbb{Q}_p}$ (field of p-adic numbers) has the same cardinality as $\mathbb{C}$. Taking algebraic closure doesn't change the cardinality of infinite field, so cardinality $\...
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1
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Fixed points of cardinal logarithm
For any cardinal $\kappa$ set $$\log(\kappa) = \min\{\mu\in \kappa\cup\{\kappa\}: 2^\mu \geq \kappa\}.$$
Clearly $\log(\omega) = \omega$ and in $\textsf{GCH}$ we have $\log(\aleph_\omega) = \aleph_\...
- 43.6k
7
votes
2
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211
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Getting PFA + GCH above $\omega$
The Proper Forcing Axiom kills CH in a particularly specific way: it implies that $2^{\aleph_0}=\aleph_2$. However, its impact on the continuum function above $\aleph_0$ is much less clear. It is ...
- 18.1k
1
vote
1
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Wondering if the following set-theoretic assertion is known to be consistent w/ ZFC
I'm wondering about the following (I've written a couple set theory papers but don't consider myself a set theorist, so please keep this in mind when answering):
Is it consistent w/ ZFC that there ...
- 27
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4
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962
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Direct axiomatization of ordinal and cardinal numbers
Again, this question is related (**) to a previous one:
in standard books on basic set theory, after stating the axioms of ZFC, ordinal numbers are introduced early on. Afterwards cardinals appear: ...
- 7,457
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1
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776
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When can Power Sets be Limit Cardinals?
My original question (posted in https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1584430/can-all-power-sets-be-limit-cardinals) was:
Is it possible to create a model of ZFC, so that the cardinality of each ...
- 469
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1
answer
187
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Ordinals which embed in surreal subfields
If $k$ is an ordered field, the least ordinal $s(k)$ which doesn't embed in $(k,<)$ is regular. This is because every interval of an ordered field embeds in every infinite interval so given a ...
- 2,307
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1
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Does "cardinal arithmetic is well-defined" imply axiom of choice?
Let me quickly explain what I mean with my question.
Let $(\kappa_i)_{i\in I}$ be a collection of cardinal numbers, indexed by elements of some set $I$. We can try to define $\sum\limits_{i\in I}\...
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votes
4
answers
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Is it possible to define higher cardinal arithmetics
In number theory there are several operators like addition, multiplication and exponentiation defined from $\omega\times\omega$ to $\omega$. Each of them is defined as an ...
- 31.2k
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votes
2
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897
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Exponentiation and Dedekind-finite cardinals
It is known that the sum and the product of two Dedekind-finite cardinals are also Dedekind-finite cardinals. What about cardinal exponentiation ?
Question: Let A and B be two Dedekind-finite ...
- 2,449
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0
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746
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Ideas behind Gitik's solution of PCF conjecture
Recently Moti Gitik has refuted Shelah's PCF conjecture (see Short extenders forcings II ) by proving the following theorem:
Theorem. Assuming the consistency of infinitely many strong cardinals, one ...
- 31.2k
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votes
2
answers
419
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For which cardinal numbers $\kappa$ is it consistent with ZFC that $\kappa^{\mathrm{cf}(\kappa)} < \kappa^\kappa$?
ZFC proves that $\kappa^{\mathrm{cf}(\kappa)} \leq \kappa^\kappa$ for all infinite cardinal numbers $\kappa$. Further, it is consistent with ZFC that we always have equality (e.g. assume GCH).
...
- 3,653
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votes
2
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426
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When are all greater cardinals sharply greater?
Makkai and Paré introduced the following binary relation on regular cardinals: given $\kappa$ and $\lambda$, $\kappa \vartriangleleft \lambda$ (read, $\kappa$ is sharply less than $\lambda$) when $\...
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votes
2
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421
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Prevalent singular cardinals hypothesis
The following notion is introduced by Assaf Rinot:
Definition. A singular cardinal $\kappa$ is a prevalent singular
cardinal iff there exists a family $\mathbb{A}\subset P(\kappa)$ with $|\mathbb{A}...
- 31.2k