Questions tagged [ca.classical-analysis-and-odes]
Special functions, orthogonal polynomials, harmonic analysis, ordinary differential equations (ODE's), differential relations, calculus of variations, approximations, expansions, asymptotics.
3,456
questions
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A generalization of polynomials in one variable
Let us consider the space of polynomials $P^N$ of degree $\le N$. If $f\in P^N$ vanishes in $>N$ points, then $f\equiv 0$, but for any $N$ points, or fewer, there exists $f\neq 0$ vanishing at ...
- 398
3
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1
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630
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What is the Fourier series of $\sin(1/x)$ in $[-\pi,\pi]$?
What is the Fourier series of $\sin(1/x)$ (or $x^k\sin(1/x)$, where $k$ is a positive integer) in $[-\pi,\pi]$? This function evidently does not satisfy Dirichlet's conditions. However, Dirichlet's ...
- 49
1
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Time varying domain in Chen Wenxiong and Li Congming 's study on $-\Delta u=\exp u$ in $\mathbb R^2$ and $\int_{\mathbb R^2}\exp u(x) \, dx< +\infty$
I'm considering a problem about time varying domain in Chen Wenxiong and Li Congming 's study on $-\Delta u=\exp u$ in $\mathbb R^2$ and $\int_{\mathbb R^2} \exp u(x) \, d x< +\infty$.
LEMMA 1.1 (...
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6
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1
answer
735
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Twisted Riemann sums
Let $f(x)$ be a real-valued Riemann integrable function supported in $[0,1]$ with range in $[0,1]$. Let $\alpha$ be irrational. Consider the weighted Riemann sum
$$S_N:=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{k=1}^Nf\left(\...
- 315
3
votes
0
answers
103
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Regularity of solutions to an integral ODE
I'm trying to figure out the regularity for solutions to the following integral equation:
\begin{align}
\begin{cases}
\displaystyle{\frac{d}{dt}}u(t,x)&=\displaystyle{\frac{1}{\sigma_d\epsilon^{d+...
- 121
1
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0
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61
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$L^p$ norm of Fourier transform of function composed with a diffeomorphism
Suppose $f$ is a compactly supported smooth function from $\mathbb{R}^n$ to $\mathbb{C}$ and $A$ is a diffeomorphism on $\mathbb{R}^n$, do we have any theorems relating the $L^p$ norm of $\hat{f}$ and ...
- 265
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3
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Are all positive eigenfunctions principal eigenfunctions?
In a given domain $\Omega$, we have: $\Delta u=-\lambda u$ with $u>0$. Does this mean that $u$ is a principal eigenfunction for $\Delta$ in $\Omega$?
Also, more generally, does this also apply for $...
- 191
3
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1
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134
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Recover an $L^1$ integrand by partial differentiation
Denote by $m$ the 2-dimensional Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{R}^2$. Let $f$ be an element of $L^1(m)$ that takes only nonnegative values. Define $F : \mathbb{R}^2 \rightarrow [0,\infty)$ by
$$F(x,y) = ...
- 41
2
votes
1
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196
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Asymptotics for oscillatory integral
Consider the following integral for $f \in C_c^{\infty}(\mathbb R^n)$, $x_0$ fixed (possibly zero), and $n \ge 3$
$$F(\lambda) = \int_{\mathbb R^n} e^{i\lambda \vert x-x_0 \vert^2} \frac{f(x)}{\vert x ...
3
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150
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Number of positive roots for an exponential sum
Given $n\geq 3$ distinct constants $c_1, c_2, ..., c_n \in\mathbb{C}$, I want to bound/estimate the number of positive real roots for the equation
$$f(x):=\sum_{i=1}^{n}\dfrac{c_i^n}{\prod_{j\neq i}(...
- 1,498
-4
votes
1
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106
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Uncountable Cantor's diagonal argument on $S^2$ [closed]
Let $F: S^2 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^2$ be a continuous function. Does there exist a unit vector $v \in \mathbb{R}^2$ and a continuous function $f(x):S^2\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that $f(x)>0$ on $...
- 345
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Estimating commutator of Fourier integral
Let $f(x)= \log(\vert x\vert)$ on $\mathbb R^2$ and define $s_n:H^2 \to L^2$ where $H^2$ is the second Sobolev space by
$$ s_n(g)(x) = \frac{nf(x)}{4\pi i} \int_{\mathbb R^2} e^{\frac{in\vert x-y\...
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Verify the explicit solution formula for a degenerate Fokker-Planck equation $\partial_t u = \nabla\cdot(D\,\nabla u + Cxu)$
Consider the following degenerate Fokker-Planck equation in $\mathbb{R}^d$
$$\partial_t u = \nabla\cdot(D\,\nabla u + Cxu),\quad u(t=0) = u_0 \label{1}\tag{1}$$
where $D \in \mathbb{R}^{d \times d}$ ...
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1
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Uniqueness of critical points for Lipschitz perturbations of uniformly convex Hamiltonians
Consider a macroscopic free energy functional of the form
$$\mathcal{F}_\beta(\mu):= \frac{1}{\beta}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}\log(\mu)\mu dx + \int_{\mathbb{R}^d}V(x)\mu(x)dx + \iint_{(\mathbb{R}^d)^2}g(x-y)...
- 863
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Regularity of solution to heat equation
If $u$ is solution of $u_{t}=\Delta u$ in a bounded domain $\Omega$, is it true that:
$\sum_{\lvert \alpha\rvert=2k}\|D^{\alpha}u\|_{L^{2}(\Omega)}^{2}\leq |\Delta^{k}(u^{(l))}\|_{L^{2}(\Omega)}^{2}=\...
- 11
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1
answer
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Reference request: analysis of a nonlinear Fokker-Planck type equation
It is well-known that the linear Fokker-Planck equation (written in one space dimension for simplicity) $$\partial_t \rho = \partial_x \left(\rho_\infty \partial_x\left(\frac{\rho}{\rho_\infty}\right)\...
- 700
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votes
0
answers
36
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Conditions for an ODE with convolution term to have a probability distribution solution
Suppose we have a simple ODE like:
$$
y''(x) + 2ay'(x) + by(x) = 0
$$
with the condition $y(0)=0$ for $x\leq 0$. Then the solution on $(0,\infty)$ will be of the form $Axe^{-ax}$ when $a^2=b$, $Ae^{-...
- 177
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When is the derivative of an ODE solution wrt the initial condition a simple exponential?
Suppose we are given an autonomous ODE $y' = f(y)$ such that $y$ is smooth with respect to the initial condition.
We then have
$$(\nabla y)' = \nabla f(y) \nabla y.$$
If $\nabla f(y(t)) $ commutes ...
- 637
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1
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83
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On the validity of a certain Grönwall-type inequality
Assume that $u~ \colon \mathbb{R}_+ \to [-M,M]$ is a bounded continuously differentiable function such that $u(0) = 0$ and $$u(t) \leq \int_0^t \lambda(s)~u(s)~\mathrm{d}s + C \label{1}\tag{1}$$ where ...
- 700
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votes
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351
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What are the best definitions for smoothness of a 2D curve (real-valued function)?
Sounds like a trivial question, but could not find any answer other than the fact that there are many ways to define it. My problem is this: I look at different elevation maps,
some with sharp ...
- 3,088
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votes
1
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136
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How are the Legendre Polynomials of second kind for negative degrees defined?
For a script I have to evaluate the associated Legendre polynomial of second kind $Q^0_{n}(z)$.
Until now, I was using an implementation that is based on the definition in equation 8.702 in the Book &...
1
vote
0
answers
20
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Asymptotic behaviour of the solution to some delayed ODE
Following the previous post Asymptotic behaviour of the solution to some delayed stochastic differential equation I consider a deterministic version (as no answer is received) :
$$\frac{d x^\theta}{d ...
- 975
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votes
2
answers
644
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Asymptotic behavior of a certain oscillatory integral
Let $x>0$ and consider the integral
$$I(x):=\int_0^\infty \frac{e^{i r}}{r^{\frac{1}{2}}} \int_0^\infty \frac{e^{-s}}{s^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{r}{sx+\sqrt{sxr}+r} \, ds \, dr.$$
I am trying to ...
- 744
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644
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For a manual evaluation of a definite integral
I note that Mathematica could yield the identity
$$\int_0^1\frac{\log(1+x^2(x-1)/2)}{x^2(x-1)}dx=\frac{\pi(\pi-4)-12\log^22+24\log2}{16}.\tag{1}\label{1}$$
But I don't know how Mathematica got this.
...
- 14.5k
3
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194
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An ODE for tensor - possibility of the equation together with the initial condition at $t=0$ deciding the solution for all $t>0$
Let $A_{ijl}(t,x) : [0,\infty) \times \mathbb{R}^n \to [\mathbb{R}^n]^3$ be a smooth tensor field. That is, $i,j,l \in \{1,2,3, \cdots, n\}$
Further assume that $A_{ijl}(t,x)=A_{jil}(t,x)$ for all $(t,...
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Upper bounds for the spatial differential of the inverse of a flux
It is well known that given a regular velocity field $b: \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^n$ (say, continuous in time and uniformly Lipshitz in space), the flux $X$ associated to $b$ is a ...
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Relating $f(x)$ to its Laplace Transform for values other than $x=0$?
Suppose $X\in (0,1]$ is a random variable where $f(x)$ is its CDF and $g(t)$ is the Laplace Transform of $f(x)$. Tauberian theorems (Theorem 2.3 in Coqueret's "Approximation of probabilistic ...
- 2,380
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What are the iterates of $x \mapsto 1 - \sqrt{1-x^2}$?
Let $f\colon [0,1]\to[0,1]$ be given by $f(x) = 1-\sqrt{1-x^2}$, i.e., the increasing auto-homeomorphism of $[0,1]$ whose graph is a quarter circle centered at $(0,1)$. I am interested in what can be ...
- 30.2k
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Notation for right hand side of local smoothing conjecture
In Tao's "Recent progress on the restriction conjecture"
On page 53, Tao introduced the local smoothing conjecture: let $u(t,x)$ be the solution to the wave equation $u_{tt}=\Delta u$, $u(0,...
- 265
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votes
1
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A lower bound for the $L^1$ norm of real trigonometric polynomials
This question is somewhat similar to Minimizing the L1 norm of odd-term trigonometric polynomial. The context of the question is based on the paper Hardy's Inequality and the $L^1$ norm of Exponential ...
- 270
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0
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46
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What fractional equation does this convolution solve
Assume that $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ is an infinitely differentiable with compact support and let $E_{\alpha}$ be the one-parameter Mittag-Leffler function with $0<\alpha<1$. Find the ...
- 744
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0
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96
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Asking a reference about the $p$-Laplacian of $|\nabla u|^p$
It is well-known that for a harmonic function $u$, i.e.
$$ \Delta u=0, $$
the quantity $|\nabla u|^2$ is subharmonic, i.e.
$$\Delta (|\nabla u|^2) \geq 0. $$
Reason:
$$\Delta (|\nabla u|^2)= 2 \nabla (...
- 361
0
votes
1
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194
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Series involving sine and cosine
Let $(a_n)_n$ be an increasing real sequence with $a_n=O(\sqrt n)$.
Is it true that there exists an increasing function $\phi:\mathbb N\to\mathbb N$ such that $$\lim \left|\sum\limits_{k=1}^{\phi(n)}\...
- 3,801
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1
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210
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Approximation for a Bessel function integral
I'm trying to calculate hit probabilities on a dart board if the dart thrower has some Gaussian angle distribution function with width $\Delta$ and some systematic angle offsets $\phi_0, \theta_0$. ...
- 19
4
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answers
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What can be possible conditions for the solution of an autonomous ODE to be conservative with respect to the initial data?
Let $F : \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^n$ be a smooth mapping and consider the following autonomous ODE
\begin{equation}
y'(t)=F(y(t))
\end{equation}
with the initial data $y(0)=x \in \mathbb{R}^n$.
...
- 2,749
5
votes
1
answer
308
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Long tail property of Laplace transforms
A function $F: \mathbb R_+ \rightarrow \mathbb R_+$ is said to be long tailed if $F(\infty)=0$ and for all $y \geq 0$ $$\frac{F(x+y)}{F(x)} \rightarrow 1, \quad x\rightarrow \infty.$$
Let $\mu$ be a ...
- 105
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votes
0
answers
68
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Extremizing the integral part of an integro-differential equation
Consider the problem of finding a continuously twice-differentiable function $x(t)$ which extremizes the convergent improper integral
\begin{equation}
I=\int_{-\infty}^{t} f(x,s)\mathop{ds}
\end{...
- 79
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votes
0
answers
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Are Sobolev isometries in Minkowski space smooth
Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ be an open regular domain and let $f\in W^{1,\infty}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^d)$ satisfy that $df\in\operatorname{SO}(d)$ almost-everywhere. It was proved by Reshetnyak (in a ...
- 705
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Can a 4D spacecraft, with just a single rigid thruster, achieve any rotational velocity?
(Copied from MSE. Offering four bounties over time, I got no response, other than twenty-nine upvotes.)
It seems preposterous at first glance. I just want to be sure. Even in 3D the behaviour of ...
- 191
2
votes
1
answer
101
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If $b\in C^1(E, \mathbb{R})$ and $b'$ is compact, then $b$ is weakly continuous — a reference request
While reading the well known book Minimax Methods in Critical Point Theory with Applications to Differential Equations by Paul Rabinowitz, in the proof of a generalisation of the Mountain Pass Theorem ...
7
votes
2
answers
520
views
Weak convergence related to Hermite polynomial?
I am reading Griffiths's quantum mechanics book; in the section about harmonic oscillators, he wrote out the amplitude of wave function, and compared with the classical harmonic oscillators. He ...
- 637
0
votes
0
answers
49
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Bounding the ratio of two functions given their Laplace Transforms
Suppose $h(i)$ is a probability density that's "nice" in some sense, and $g(i)=E[f(i,x)]=\int \mathrm{d}i\ h(i)f(i,x)$
How could I bound the following ratio $r(t)$ from above?
$$
r(t)=\frac{...
- 2,380
2
votes
1
answer
200
views
An integral transform computation
In Erdelyi, Tables of Integral Transforms, p. 344 Section 7.2.
they note that
\begin{align}
\frac{1}{2 \pi i} \int_{c-i\infty}^{c+i\infty} s^{\nu} e^{\alpha s^2} x^{-s} \, ds
= 2^{-\nu/2} \pi^{-...
- 21
0
votes
0
answers
42
views
dynamical system modified by PD matrix
Assume we have a dynamical system, i.e an ODE of the form
$$
\frac{d\vec{x}}{dt}=g(\vec{x})
$$
which we know how to solve.
Now consider a modified ODE
$$
\frac{d\vec{x}}{dt}=\hat{A}g(\vec{x})
$$
with $...
18
votes
0
answers
698
views
Are these continued fractions of integrals known?
Simplified repost of Are these continued fractions of integrals known? on MSE
EDIT: The period of the oscillations of $$f(s)=\dfrac1{1+\dfrac s{1+\dfrac{s^2/2!}{1+\dfrac{s^3/3!}{1+\cdots}}}}$$ ...
- 803
6
votes
1
answer
463
views
Cauchy-Schwarz-like inequality with a power $p$ term
We set :
$\phi_1, \phi_2 : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}^M$ with compact support
$\theta \in \mathbb{R}^M$ non-zero, $\theta_{p-1} = (\operatorname{sign}(\theta_i)|\theta_i|^{p-1})_{1 \leq i \leq M} \in \...
- 121
10
votes
7
answers
850
views
$\int_L^\infty \exp(- t - y/t) \, dt = \text{?}$
Let $y>0$, $L>0$. Has the (special?) function given by
$$f(y,L) = \int_{L}^\infty e^{- t - y/t} \, dt$$
been studied? Are there precise, simple bounds?
Let me try to attempt to reinvent the ...
- 19.4k
2
votes
1
answer
660
views
Use of Stein's maximal principle in Bourgain's paper on Besicovitch sets
I'm trying to understand Bourgain's paper "Besicovitch type maximal operators and applications to Fourier analysis". Let $\xi\in S^2\subset\mathbb{R}^3$ be a unit vector and $\delta>0$, ...
- 265
-2
votes
1
answer
109
views
convergence for a series [closed]
Show that the series
$$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\frac{1}{[\frac{(1+\epsilon)\log n}{\log\log n}]!}$$converges for $\epsilon>0$.
Stirling's approximation gives that the convergence for the series is ...
- 105
1
vote
1
answer
190
views
Dense subset for $C_0(\mathbb{R})$
I want to know if $\left\{\frac{(1-\cos \alpha x)} {x^2}\right\}_{\alpha>0}$ is dense in $C_0(\mathbb{R})=\{f\in C(\mathbb{R})\mid \lim_{|x|\to\infty}f(x)=0\}$? That is, for any $f\in C_0(\mathbb{...
- 105