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Update. Based on Anthony Quas' comment below, the proof can be made sensibly shorter and the lemma can be slightly generalized by weakening the old assumption (iii). In a joint paper that I am ...

Given a set $X \subseteq \mathbf N^+$, denote by $\mathsf{d}_\ast(X)$ and $\mathsf{d}^\ast(X)$, respectively, the lower and upper asymptotic (or natural) density of $X$, viz. $$\mathsf{d}_\ast(X) := \...

ZFC proves, among the other things, the existence of a (finitely) additive probability measure $\theta: \mathcal P(\mathbf N) \to \mathbf R$ on the power set of $\mathbf N$ such that $\theta(X) = 0$ ...

UPDATE Feb.02.2024 The series below, Eq.(3) for computing and Eq.(2) for verifying, were applied by Andrew Sun on Dec.22.2023 to get over $2\cdot10^{12}$ decimal digits and break the number of ...

Let us consider $\eta(p):= \sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{n^p}$ for $p>0$. Has anyone come along with an elementary proof that $\eta(x)$ is monotonically increasing on this set? By ...

Let $\mathcal D$ be the set of all (finitely) additive probability measures $\mu^\ast: \mathcal P(\mathbf N^+) \to [0,\infty[$ such that $\mu^\ast(k \cdot X + h) = \frac{1}{k} \mu^\ast(X)$ for all $X \...