All Questions
Tagged with ca.classical-analysis-and-odes nt.number-theory
146 questions
16
votes
0
answers
351
views
The convergence domain of the function $\sum \{n!x\}$
This is a problem from a mathematics competition: Does there exist an irrational number $x$ such that the series
$$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\{n!x\}<+\infty$$
where $\{ \}$ means the fractional part of a ...
- 505
2
votes
0
answers
121
views
Solving a system of differential-like equations for reverse Euler-Maclaurin summation
Aim
A particular instance of a rational zeries that has as of yet not been evaluated is:
\begin{align}
Z:= \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\zeta(2n)}{(2n)!}. \label{EM1} \tag{EM1}
\end{align}
This sum ...
- 4,829
2
votes
0
answers
158
views
What rational zeta series with non-integer arguments appear in mathematics?
Background
Rational zeta series are series of the form $$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} q_{n} \zeta(n + p, m), \label{1} \tag{1} $$ where $\zeta(x,m)$ is the Hurwitz zeta function and $q_{n}, \ p \in \mathbb{Q} \...
- 4,829
1
vote
1
answer
101
views
Finding $\lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k=2}^{n-2} \zeta(k) \zeta(n-k) x^{k-1} = x^{-1} - \psi_{0}(-x) - \gamma$ from the generating function of $\zeta(•)$
In equation (130) of this page, the identity $$\lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k=2}^{n-2} \zeta(k) \zeta(n-k) x^{k-1} = x^{-1} - \psi_{0}(-x) - \gamma \label{1} \tag{1} $$ is stated. Here, $\zeta(\cdot)$ is ...
- 4,829
3
votes
1
answer
247
views
Diophantine approximation by fractions whose numerator and denominator are both prime
Let $S \subset \mathbb{R}$ be the set of all real numbers $x$
for which there are infinitely many pairs of prime numbers $p$ and $q$ such that
$$
\left|x-\frac{p}{q}\right| < \frac{1}{q^2}.
$$
Do ...
- 19.6k
4
votes
0
answers
189
views
Can alternative energy concepts improve bounds on large values of Dirichlet polynomials?
In the recent paper "New large value estimates for Dirichlet polynomials" by Guth and Maynard, the authors use the concept of additive energy to derive improved bounds for large values of ...
13
votes
1
answer
761
views
If $(a,b,c)$ are the sides of a triangle, then the probability $P(ax + by \ge c) = \frac{4}{\pi^2}\chi_2(x) + \frac{4}{\pi^2}\chi_2(y)$
Posting this question in MO since it is unanswered in MSE
Let $(a,b,c)$ be the side of a triangle. In its most general linear form, the triangle inequality can be expressed as: Does $ax + by \ge c$ ...
- 5,470
6
votes
0
answers
431
views
How to prove these identities for $\log(2)$ based on $_3F_2$ integrals?
In this MO post I have placed 4 Ramanujan-type hypergeometric series found using the LLL algorithm for fast computing of some logarithms. I could prove 3 of them by means of classical methods based on ...
- 2,836
2
votes
1
answer
297
views
Sets of integers "a little less dense" than the set of prime numbers
Given a set $A \subseteq \mathbb{N}$ of positive integers, put
$$
S_A: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}, \ \ \ \
N \mapsto \sum_{n \in A \cap \{1, \dots, N\}} \frac{1}{n}.
$$
There are obvious ...
- 19.6k
43
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Proving $\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum_{j=1}^{n}\left\{\frac{x_{i}}{x_{j}}\right\}\le \frac{9}{14}n^2$？
For any postive integer $n$ and for any postive real numbers $x_{1},x_{2},\cdots,x_{n}$, show that
$$\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum_{j=1}^{n}\left\{\dfrac{x_{i}}{x_{j}}\right\}\le \dfrac{9}{14}n^2$$
Let
\begin{...
- 4,280
15
votes
1
answer
738
views
Euler's proof of $\frac{\pi}{6}=1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}-\cdots$
Euler proved
$$\frac{\pi}{6}=1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}-\cdots$$
where the reasoning of the signs thus is prepared, so that of the second may be had as $-$, prime ...
- 317
6
votes
1
answer
392
views
How to show that $\log 2(1/2\log 2\log 4 + 1/3\log 3\log 6 + \dotsb) + 1/2\log 2 - 1/3\log 3 + 1/4\log 4 - \dotsb = 1/\log 2$ [closed]
I've been studying Ramanujan's work and I stumbled upon this question in the book: Collected Papers of Srinivasa Ramanujan. In there I found question number 769 which is about an infinite sum with ...
3
votes
4
answers
497
views
Asymptotic for Ramanujan's $\tau$-function
The Ramanujan's $\tau$-function is defined by
$$q\prod_{n=1}^\infty (1-q^n)^{24}=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \tau (n)q^n$$
where $|q|\lt 1$.
Is there a known asymptotic formula for $\tau (n)$ or $|\tau (n)|$, i....
- 317
13
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Apéry's constant $\zeta(3)$ fastest convergent series
UPDATE Feb.02.2024
The series below, Eq.(3) for computing and Eq.(2) for verifying, were applied by Andrew Sun on Dec.22.2023 to get over $2\cdot10^{12}$ decimal digits and break the number of ...
- 2,836
2
votes
1
answer
215
views
An integral transform computation
In Erdelyi, Tables of Integral Transforms, p. 344 Section 7.2.
they note that
\begin{align}
\frac{1}{2 \pi i} \int_{c-i\infty}^{c+i\infty} s^{\nu} e^{\alpha s^2} x^{-s} \, ds
= 2^{-\nu/2} \pi^{-...
- 21
10
votes
7
answers
875
views
$\int_L^\infty \exp(- t - y/t) \, dt = \text{?}$
Let $y>0$, $L>0$. Has the (special?) function given by
$$f(y,L) = \int_{L}^\infty e^{- t - y/t} \, dt$$
been studied? Are there precise, simple bounds?
Let me try to attempt to reinvent the ...
- 20.2k
2
votes
1
answer
232
views
Proof of a binomial identity
Computations with Maple suggest the following binomial identity
\begin{equation*}
\forall{p,j}: \sum_{k=j+1}^{p+1} (-1)^j \dfrac{1}{k}\binom{k-1}{j} =
\sum_{k=j+1}^{p+1} (-1)^{k-1} \dfrac{1}{...
- 1,020
2
votes
1
answer
433
views
Proof for an explicit formula for the even Euler numbers
The EULER numbers $E_n$, $n \in \mathbb{N}$, are defined via the TAYLOR
expansion of the hyperbolic secant:
\begin{equation}
\text{sech}(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{E_n}{n!} x^n =
\sum_{n=0}...
- 1,020
5
votes
0
answers
194
views
Proximity of zeroes of Bessel functions
I have been running into a question for which I found no reference in the litterature. I do not have a strong background in number theory ; for me this is motivated by a question in PDEs (how close ...
- 51
2
votes
0
answers
136
views
Eigenfunction of $h\mapsto H(h')|_{[-1,1]}$?
Let $H$ be the Hilbert transform. Is there a continuous, even function $h:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ with support on $[-1,1]$ such that, for some $\lambda\in \mathbb{R}$,
$$H(h')(t) = \lambda h(t)$$
...
- 20.2k
10
votes
1
answer
474
views
A basic estimate of exponential sums
Demeter in his book "Fourier Restriction, Decoupling, and Applications" (P287) used the following estimate:
\begin{equation}
\sup_{0\leq n\leq q}\bigg|\sum_{m=0}^n e^{2\pi i\frac{a}{q}m^2}\...
- 351
5
votes
2
answers
484
views
Optimizing a smoothing function with the Prime Number Theorem in mind
Let $f:[0,\infty)\to \mathbb{R}$ be a function with $f(x)=1$ for $0\leq x\leq 1$. Write $Mf$ for the Mellin transform of $f$. Let $c>0$, $T>10^6$ be constants. We are interested in minimizing ...
- 20.2k
2
votes
0
answers
79
views
For $\Phi$ a majorant of $1_{[-1/2,1/2]}$, how small can the total variation of $\widehat\Phi$ be?
Let $\Phi:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ be a real-valued, symmetric, non-negative function such that $\Phi(t)\geq 1$ for $|t|\leq 1/2$. Assume furthermore that $\Phi$ and $\widehat\Phi$ are both in $L^1\...
- 20.2k
75
votes
1
answer
16k
views
A number theory problem where pi appears surprisingly
For a given positive integer $M$, the sequence $\{a_n\}$ starts from $a_{2M+1}=M(2M+1)$ and $a_k$ is the largest multiple of $k$ no more than $a_{k+1}+M$, i.e.
$$a_k=k\left\lfloor\frac{a_{k+1}+M}{k}\...
- 701
4
votes
1
answer
353
views
Inequalities involving binary representation of integers
Let $N\geq 1$ be a positive integer and assume that $N=2^{n_1}+2^{n_2}+\cdots+2^{n_{p}}$, $n_{1}>n_{2}>\cdots>n_{p}\geq 0$, is the binary representation of $N$. I believe that the following ...
- 41
0
votes
1
answer
216
views
A Newton identity and the primes--the Faber partition polynomials and modular arithmetic
[Edit, July 6, 2022: Removed erroneous characterization of Faber polynomials as an Appell sequence.]
Dress and Siebeneicher in their tale of the Burnside family express an opinion (1.2) that, if I ...
- 10.5k
17
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Catalan's constant fast convergent series
NOTE. UPDATE 2 introduces proven series for Catalan's constant that is possibly the fastest currently known.
Working with some conjectured continued fractions that were published here, I have found ...
- 2,836
2
votes
2
answers
218
views
Asymptotic estimate for $\sum_{\substack{ab\le x \\ a,b\in A}}f(a)f(b)$
Suppose that $A\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ and suppose that you have an estimate of the form
$$
\sum_{\substack{a\le x \\ a\in A}}f(a) \sim g(x).
$$
With this information is it possible to get an asymptotic ...
- 178
1
vote
1
answer
123
views
How to show something is "true in mean square"?
I am looking at the conjecture, that for every $\varepsilon,B >0$, then
$$\Big| \sum_{\substack{n \in \mathbb{N}\\n \leq x}} n^{-it} - \int_1^x u^{-it} du \, \Big| \leq Cx^{1/2}|t|^{\varepsilon}$$ ...
- 11
1
vote
0
answers
138
views
Integral of $|1/\zeta(\sigma+i T)|$ (or $|(1/\zeta(\sigma+i T))^{(k)}|$) on a horizontal half-line in the left upper quadrant
Let $T_0\geq 20$. Let $L$ be the half-line from $-\infty + i T$ to (say) $-1/2 + i T$. Since $|\zeta(s)|$ is roughly proportional to $(T/2 \pi e)^\sigma$ for $s=\sigma+ i T$ on $L$, it is clear that ...
- 20.2k
3
votes
0
answers
186
views
Is factorial the restriction of some elementary function?
Hölder's theorem says that Gamma function is very non-elementary, but it does not exclude the possibility that factorial is the restriction of some elementary function to natural numbers. The answer ...
- 623
4
votes
2
answers
417
views
Is the function $F(x) = \exp(x) + \exp(\exp(x))x$ a hypertranscendental function?
The function $F(x) = \exp(x) + \exp(\exp(x))x$ plays a role in the formulation of the Lagarias inequality:
$$\sigma(n) \le H_n + \exp(H_n) \log(H_n)$$
If we put $x = \log(H_n)$, then this inequality ...
- 3,064
1
vote
1
answer
178
views
Relation between $\sum_{k\ge 0}\binom {n+k}{k}a_k $ and $\sum_{k\ge 0}\binom {n+k}{k}\frac{a_k}{k}$
Let $\{a_k\}(k\ge 0)$ be a sequence of nonzero real numbers which changes signs infinitely often. Suppose $|a_k|\to 0 $ and $|a_k|$ decreases fast. Let $n$ be a positive integer. What's the relation ...
- 365
1
vote
1
answer
447
views
Closed form series for reciprocal cubic function
consider a cubic of the form f(x)=$x^3-2x+z$
Is it possible to derive a power series of coefficients for the function $x^y/f(x)$, for some $y=0,1,2...$ that does not require the use of Faà di Bruno'...
- 367
2
votes
0
answers
66
views
A sub-logarithmic complexity in Analysis and N.Th
The question will be about complexity $\ \mathcal C(p)\ $ being positive and the same for all primes $\ p.$
Function $\ \mathcal Q\ $ is defined in the set of finite sequences of positive rational ...
- 4,786
4
votes
1
answer
441
views
Two conjectural infinite series for $\pi$
I am looking for a proofs of the following two claims:
Claim 1.
$$\frac{2\pi}{\sqrt{3}}=\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{\Omega_1(n)}}{n}$$ where $\Omega_1(n)$ is the number of prime ...
- 2,661
3
votes
0
answers
216
views
The Fourier transform of a compactly supported smooth function on Lie groups over $\mathbb{Q}_S$, where $S$ contains finitely many primes and $\infty$
Let $G$ be a semisimple Lie group defined over global Field $\mathbb{Q}$. Let $S$ be a set of finitely many non-Archimedean places including Archimedean places. Let $P_{0}=M_{0}A_{0}N_{0}$ be the ...
- 31
16
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Open problem in analysis with just one quantifier?
I'm looking for an open problem in analysis or number theory with just one "genuine" or "second order" quantifier.
E.g.
"Every continuous function $\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \...
9
votes
0
answers
546
views
Modern treatment of Delange's Tauberian Theorem
Tauberian theorems abound in the literature. One of the most general, powerful, and versatile is due to Delange, and appears as Theorem I of the paper:
H. Delange - Généralisation du théorème de ...
- 21.3k
12
votes
1
answer
617
views
Convergence of the series involving Mobius functions $\sum_{k,d} \mu(d) x_{kd}$
(I originally asked this question here, but the problem appears much more difficult than I think after a moment of thought, so I think it might be more suitable to post it here. Please tell me if this ...
- 1,755
3
votes
0
answers
237
views
Asymptotic expansions for the continued fraction $[1,x,x^2,x^3,\cdots]$
The $n$-th convergent is defined as
$$R_n(x) = \frac{P_n(x)}{Q_n(x)}=[1;x,x^2,\cdots,x^n]=1+\frac{1}{x+}\frac{1}{x^2+}\frac{1}{x^3+\cdots}\frac{1}{x^n}$$
where $P_n(x), Q(x)$ are polynomials ...
- 3,098
-1
votes
1
answer
96
views
Limiting points of elementary set
I consider the following set
$$A:=\left\{ \frac{3mn}{2(m^2+mn+n^2)}; m,n \in \mathbb Z; \text{ and }m,n \text{ are not both zero}\right\}$$
Is it possible to identify the closure of $A$ in the reals?
- 124
11
votes
2
answers
883
views
Do infinitely nested radicals have any applications?
There is a simple necessary and sufficient condition for a continued radical of the form $\sqrt{a_1 + \sqrt{a_2 + \dotsc}}$ to converge (where all terms $a_1, a_2$ etc. are nonnegative). Namely, that ...
- 4,943
2
votes
0
answers
113
views
Inequality about exponential integrals
I am reading about Dirichlet polynomials in the book Analytic Number Theory by Iwaniec-Kowalski.
During the proof of Theorem 9.1 for any positive real numbers $T, N$ they define a piecewise linear and ...
- 3,062
3
votes
0
answers
237
views
Reconstructing a sine wave using square waves and Möbius inversion: L² convergence?
Let $s$ be the (“square wave”) $1$-periodic real function such that $s(x) = 1$ if $0<x<\frac{1}{2}$ and $s(x) = -1$ if $\frac{1}{2}<x<1$ (and maybe $s(0)=s(\frac{1}{2})=0$ for the sake of ...
- 32.5k
11
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Reference request: proof of Ramanujan's Cos/Cosh Identity
The Ramanujan Cos/Cosh Identity, as stated here, is
$$\left[1+2\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\cos n\theta}{\cosh n\pi}\right]^{-2}+
\left[1+2\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\cosh n\theta}{\cosh n\pi}\right]^{-2}=...
4
votes
0
answers
512
views
The Riemann zeta function and differential operators
I've revisited an old post of mine--Dirac's Delta Functions and Riemann's Jump Function J(x) for the Primes--dealing with Riemann's "jump" or "staircase" function (aka, Π(x)) that ...
- 10.5k
2
votes
1
answer
543
views
On $\zeta(7)$ as the integration of the product of an indefinite integral due to Lobachevskii by a power of the inverse Gudermannian function
In this post I invoke certain function from a post of this site MathOverflow it is [1] (please see further references from the post, authors from the Springer link of the cited literature and answers ...
7
votes
1
answer
409
views
P-adic functions on annuli
It is known that a complex analytic function defined on an annulus, say, takes its maximum on the boundary. Does an analogue hold for $p$-adic analytic functions?
More precisely suppose we have a ...
- 303
2
votes
1
answer
166
views
Approximate sequence of numbers
Let $n \in \mathbb N$ and $k_n \in \left\{0,..,n \right\}$ then we define the numbers
$$x_{n,k_n} = \frac{k_n+n^2}{n^3+n^2}.$$
It is easy to see that these numbers satisfy
$$x_{n,0} = \frac{1}{n+1} ...
- 21