All Questions
5,672 questions
2
votes
1
answer
165
views
Continuity of an upper semi-continuous function over periodic points
Let $f: X \to \mathbb{R}$ be an upper semi-continuous function on $X$, which is a compact subspace of a vector space. Let sequence $x_n, n \in \mathbb{N}$, with positive elements - periodic: there ...
- 1,043
3
votes
1
answer
509
views
Existence of a curve of finite length on the image of an embedding which is Sobolev
Suppose that we have an embedding $f:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}^3$ which belongs in the Sobolev space $W^{1,p}_{loc}(\mathbb{R^2},\mathbb{R}^3)$ for some $p>2$. Is it true then that for any two ...
- 81
2
votes
1
answer
200
views
Laguerre polynomial and series
Let $L^\alpha_n(x)$ be Laguerre polynomials of type $n$.
Consider the sum
$$\sum^\infty_{j=0} \frac{1}{(b-j)}L^{m}_j(x)$$
where $b\not\in\Bbb N,x>0$ and $m\in \Bbb N$.
I have found this series ...
- 511
0
votes
1
answer
129
views
Sequence of functions converges pointwise to identity [closed]
Let
For $n\in \mathbb{N}$ and $k\in \{0, 1, 2, ..., 2^{n}-1 \}$ is defined
$$I_{k}^{n}=\left[\frac{k}{2^{n}}, \frac{k+1}{2^{n}}\right)$$
and $f_{n}:[0, 1) \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is defined by
$$f_{n}(...
- 251
3
votes
0
answers
125
views
Extracting moments of $\max(X_1,\ldots,X_k)$ from asymptotic behavior of $\mathbb{E}[(X_1^n+\cdots+X_k^n)^m]$
For fixed $k$ suppose we have $X_1,\ldots,X_k$ non-negative random variables with density functions.
Setting a): We know $\mathbb{E}[(X_1^n+\cdots+X_k^n)^m]$ exactly for any integers $n,m \in \mathbb{...
- 1,295
12
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Understanding the condition $\frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} = 1$ in the estimate $xy \le \frac{1}{p}x^p + \frac{1}{q}y^q$
I just read a proof of Holder's inequality in measure theory, which boils down to the following inequality:
$$xy \le \frac{1}{p}x^p + \frac{1}{q}y^q$$
where $x,y\ge 0$ and $\frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} = ...
- 7,527
0
votes
0
answers
164
views
How to prove negativity of a $3\times3$ determinant whose elements involve trigamma, tetragamma, and pentagamma functions?
The classical Euler gamma function can be defined by the integral
\begin{equation*}
\Gamma(z)=\int_0^{\infty}t^{z-1}\operatorname{e}^{-t}\operatorname{d}t, \quad \Re(z)>0.
\end{equation*}
Its ...
- 1,091
2
votes
0
answers
180
views
Approximating $L^p$ functions by eigenfunctions of Laplacian
I'm reading a paper https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022039608004932.
In this paper, the authors assume that $\mathcal{O}$ is a bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^N$ with $C^m$ boundary ...
- 121
6
votes
1
answer
310
views
Surjectivity of a class of integrals in dimensions two
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be an open set and $G(x,\theta): \Omega \times [0,2\pi]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a positive continuous function. Assume $F:\Omega \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^2$ defined ...
- 434
1
vote
1
answer
143
views
$L^1$ error between indicator function and smoothed out version
For a large parameter $r>0$, consider the indicator function $1_{[-r,r]}$ and its convolution with the (normalized) Gaussian $\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}}e^{-x^2}$, that is,
$$f_r(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}}\...
- 101
3
votes
0
answers
245
views
Norm on the space of real analytic functions
The space $C^{\omega}(\Omega)$ of real-valued real analytic functions on the open bounded set $\Omega\subset \mathbb R^n$ does not have any obvious or natural metric which would make it a Fréchet ...
- 203
0
votes
1
answer
297
views
Is there a reference on the space of Lipschitz continuous functions?
I have hard a time finding the specific properties I'm looking for, I'm wondering if there is literature which proves (or disproves) that the space of all Lipschitz continuous functions of some ...
0
votes
1
answer
99
views
Recovering the openness of a map from the openness of its scalar projections
Good morning. I have been thinking about the following question for a while without much success, therefore I'm starting to doubt its validity, although I don't have a clear counterexample in mind.
...
- 311
1
vote
0
answers
66
views
Parameter estimation of a Taylor expansion
Let $a,b$ two real numbers, $\theta$ a real parameter and suppose that you have an analytic function of the form:
$$
f_\theta(x)\triangleq \sum_{k\in\mathbb{N}}a_k(\theta)x^k \quad\forall x\in[a,b],
$$...
- 393
5
votes
1
answer
117
views
Between BV and Baire 2
My question is about functions of bounded variation (BV) on the reals.
On one hand, Helly's selection theorem provides (fairly restrictive) conditions under which a sequence of BV-functions has a sub-...
- 4,359
2
votes
1
answer
209
views
Argmax of a function of $n$ variables under linear constraint
(I start by saying that the tags are probably not accurate but I didn't know what to put, so if someone knows what I could tag this question with, let me know in the comments and I'll provide to edit ...
- 697
1
vote
0
answers
122
views
Implicit function theorem / Implicit selections when Jacobian not invertible
I saw the attached result in the book by Dontchev and Rockafellar.
It requires the Jacobian to be of full rank m. I suspect this condition can be further relaxed. Assume that we know that the columns ...
- 393
2
votes
0
answers
303
views
an upper bound for $L^1$ norm of the mollifier function
The standard mollifier function is defined as follows
$$f(x)=\begin{cases} 0 & \text{if } |x| \ge 1\\ \exp \left(-\cfrac{1}{1-x^2}\right) & \text{if } |x|<1.\end{cases}$$
It is well known ...
- 3,625
2
votes
2
answers
424
views
"Squeezing" the primes?
The logical idea here is to map a curve that encodes the primes into the region $(0,1)^2$ and analyze the distribution there more easily and achieve tight bounds.
To assess the distribution of primes, ...
- 383
0
votes
0
answers
66
views
Lower bound of the derivative $(f*g_\sigma)'$ at the zero-crossing point
I am stuck with the following problem. Let consider $f$ a smooth real function such that:
$f$ is negative before 0,
$f$ is positive after 0,
we have $|f'(0)|>0$.
Let $\sigma>0$ and $g_\sigma$ ...
- 393
1
vote
0
answers
113
views
Computing a limit for the Weierstrass function
Let $a\in (0,1)$ and let $b$ be an odd positive integer such that $ab>1+\frac{3}{2}\pi$. Let $\alpha \in (0,1)$ be defined by $\alpha= -\frac{ln(a)}{ln(b)}$ and consider the well known Weierstrass ...
- 4,135
1
vote
0
answers
114
views
Computing sine of gamma function [closed]
In the sense of bit complexity, how difficult is it to compute $$\sin(a\Gamma(x))$$ where $a$ is a constant and $x>1$? Is it possible to avoid the computation of $\Gamma$ as first step?
Is there a ...
- 67
0
votes
1
answer
98
views
Does $c$ in the embedding inequality $\|P^\kappa_t \|_{L^p \to L^{p'}} \le c t^{-\frac{d(p'-p)}{2pp'}}$ depend on $\kappa$?
For any $\kappa>0$, we consider the Gaussian heat kernel
$$
p^\kappa_t (x) := (\kappa \pi t)^{-\frac{d}{2}} e^{-\frac{|x|^2}{\kappa t}},
\quad t>0, x \in {\mathbb R}^d.
$$
Let $L^0 := L^0 (\...
- 835
3
votes
1
answer
211
views
Other expansion for positive Taylor expansion
I was thinking of the following problem. Let $f$ be a Taylor expansion and $a_k$ the associated coefficients,
$$\forall x\in\mathbb{R},~f(x)\triangleq\sum_{k=0}^\infty a_kx^k.$$
Let suppose that we ...
- 393
0
votes
1
answer
143
views
An estimate of the integral of the higher order derivative of a bump function
Let $\kappa_1>0$, $\beta\in [0, 1]$ and $b: \mathbb R_+ \times \mathbb R^d \to \mathbb R^d$ such that for all $t\ge0$ and $x,y \in \mathbb R^d$ we have $|b(t, 0)| \le \kappa_1$ and $|b(t, x) - b(t, ...
- 835
1
vote
0
answers
166
views
Monotone likelihood ratio of convolved power function kernel, $p\ge 3$
It was shown in a previous answer that for: $f(x)=|x|^p$, $\;x\in \mathbb{R}$, $\;p>2$, defining the density:
$$p(\phi;\theta) = \Big(f\big(\hspace{-1pt}\cos(\phi-\theta)\big) - f\big(
\hspace{-1pt}...
- 391
9
votes
1
answer
339
views
A topological characterisation of a.e. continuity
We say a measurable function $f: \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R$ is essentially continuous if the inverse image of any open set $O$ differs from an open set by a set of null measure, in the sense that ...
- 6,155
3
votes
0
answers
154
views
Inequality involving convolution roots
I am struggling with the following problem. Let $f$ be a real smooth function. Let assume that $f$ is:
increasing
strictly convex on $(-\infty,0)$
strictly concave on $(0,+\infty)$
Let $\sigma>0$ ...
- 393
6
votes
1
answer
210
views
Is the Hardy Littlewood “minimal function” comparable to the original function in $L^1$ norm?
Given $f \in L^1 (\mathbb R^d)$, and $\varepsilon > 0$, define the minimal function $m_\varepsilon f$ by
$$m_\varepsilon f(x) := \inf_B \frac1{|B|} \int_B |f| ,$$
where the infimum is taken over ...
- 6,155
1
vote
1
answer
264
views
Is there a version of dominated convergence theorem for local $L^p$ spaces?
Fix $p \in [1, \infty)$. Let $(L^p (\mathbb R^d), \|\cdot\|_{L^p})$ be the Lesbesgue space of $p$-integrable real-valued functions on $\mathbb R^d$. Let $\tilde L^p (\mathbb R^d)$ be the space of ...
- 835
2
votes
1
answer
170
views
Log-concavity of the difference of the second anti-derivative of Gaussians
I would like to prove the following but I couldn't manage to do it. Let $a>b>0$ be two real numbers. Let $f$ be the function defined as:
$$\forall \sigma>0, ~\forall x\in\mathbb{R},~f_\sigma(...
- 393
2
votes
1
answer
112
views
Uniqueness of the zero of $f-f*G_\sigma$ with $f$ convex/concave
I am struggling with the following problem. Let $f$ be a real smooth function:
strictly convex on $(-\infty,0)$,
strictly concave on $(0,\infty)$,
strictly increasing.
For $\sigma>0$, how can one ...
- 393
4
votes
1
answer
296
views
The maximal difference between a function and translates of itself
Note: We view the sphere $S^1$ as $[0,1]$ with the endpoints identified, and equip it with its usual addition structure, and Lebesgue measure.
Question: Does there exist an absolute constant $C > 0$...
- 6,155
1
vote
0
answers
143
views
Analyticity of a function in two complex variables
Let $f$ be a function defined on $\mathbb{C}^2$ given by
$$
f(s,t)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}dk_1 \int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}dk_2 \int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}dk_3 \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{s}-k_1\...
- 11
6
votes
1
answer
379
views
An inequality for a concave function $f(x)=x^{p/2}$
Assume that $p\in(1,2]$, $a,b\ge 1$, $b\le -\frac{1}{2} \left(\cos\frac{\pi }{p}+\sec\frac{\pi }{p}\right)$, and $t\in[0,\pi]$. How to prove this inequality $$\left(\frac{a+\cos t}{b+\cos\frac{\pi }{...
- 333
3
votes
4
answers
351
views
What real distributions solve $f'=0$? [closed]
I mean specifically real-valued Schwartz distributions on the real line. That is linear functionals on $C^{\infty}_c(\mathbb{R})$ continuous in the canonical LF topology. My question is, what are ...
- 11.1k
1
vote
0
answers
269
views
Monotone likelihood ratio of a kernel based on $\log(\cosh(x))$
Let $f(x) = \log(\cosh(x))$, and define the kernel density:
$$p_r(\phi;\theta) = \Big(f\big(r\cos(\phi-\theta)\big) - f\big(r\cos(\phi+\theta)\big) \Big)\hspace{0.5pt} \frac{\sin(2\phi)}{\sin(2\theta)}...
- 391
6
votes
1
answer
827
views
Twisted Riemann sums
Let $f(x)$ be a real-valued Riemann integrable function supported in $[0,1]$ with range in $[0,1]$. Let $\alpha$ be irrational. Consider the weighted Riemann sum
$$S_N:=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{k=1}^Nf\left(\...
- 315
3
votes
3
answers
550
views
Solving interval problems without outer measure
Is it possible to solve the following two problems on intervals using elementary methods, without using the outer measure ?
Problem 1
If $(I_n)$ is a disjoint sequence of subintervals of interval $I$ ...
0
votes
1
answer
117
views
For any smooth function $f$ on $[0,1]$, do we have $\lVert P_N f \lVert_{1} \leq \lVert f \rVert_1$ for $P_N$ defined by Fourier expansion?
Let $C^\infty[0,1]$ be the space of periodic smooth functions on $\mathbb{R}$ with the period $1$. It is well-known to be a Frechet space with the uniform convergence of all derivatives.
Also, $\{ e^{...
- 3,477
1
vote
1
answer
151
views
Monotone likelihood ratio of densities based on power function
Given $p,\phi,\theta \in \mathbb{R}$ such that $p>2$ and $0 \le \phi,\theta\le \pi/2$ define the density function:
$$f(\phi;\theta) =
\mbox{$\Large\frac{1}{p B\big(\hspace{-1pt}\frac{3}{2},\frac{p+...
- 391
0
votes
2
answers
125
views
Is there a modification of $f$ on a null set such that $F: [0, T] \to L^p ({\mathbb R}^d), t \mapsto f(t,\cdot)$ is Bochner measurable?
Let $T>0$ and $p \in [1, \infty)$. Let $f \in L^p ([0, T] \times {\mathbb R}^d)$. By a theorem in this thread, there is a Lebesgue null subset $N$ of $[0, T]$ such that $f(t, \cdot)$ is Lebesgue ...
- 835
0
votes
1
answer
33
views
Sign Regularity of a Density Kernel with Convexity Properties
(Asking a final time in a new question because the previous version had insufficient conditions, as pointed out in the answer there.)
Define the densities:
$$p(\phi;\theta,r) = \Big(f\big(r\cos(\phi-\...
- 391
7
votes
0
answers
203
views
Permutations which change the value of a convergent series
I'm interested in the following combinatorial problem: What is a necessary and sufficent condition on a permutation $\sigma : \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$, so that there exist a summable ...
- 71
-3
votes
1
answer
638
views
Analysis I, simpler proof of Tao's construction of the integers [closed]
In chapter 4 of Analysis I by Terence Tao, we have the following note about the set theoretic construction of the integers:
In the language of set theory, what we are doing here is starting with the ...
- 23
1
vote
1
answer
312
views
Showing that the infimum is a minimum
Let $V > 0$ and let $\Phi(\cdot)$ be the standard normal CDF.
Consider the infimum of
$$f(x_1, x_2,x_3, p_1, p_2, p_3) := p_1 \Phi(x_1) + p_2 \Phi(x_2) + p_3 \Phi(x_3)$$
with respect to $x_1, x_2, ...
- 113
1
vote
1
answer
110
views
Monotone likelihood ratio of a family of densities with convexity property
(Asking again in a new question because the previous version had insufficient conditions, as pointed out in the answer there.)
Define the densities:
$$p(\phi;\theta,r) = \Big(f\big(r\cos(\phi-\theta)\...
- 391
4
votes
3
answers
369
views
Non-negativity of a complicated function
Show that $f(x)\ge 0$ for $0\le x \le 1$, where:
$$f(x) = \arccos(x)^2 -8x(5x^2-2) \sqrt{1-x^2}\arccos(x)+36 x^8-112 x^6+93 x^4-17 x^2$$
The endpoints are $f(0)=\pi^2/4$ and $f(1)=0$. Plotting ...
- 391
3
votes
1
answer
135
views
Recover an $L^1$ integrand by partial differentiation
Denote by $m$ the 2-dimensional Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{R}^2$. Let $f$ be an element of $L^1(m)$ that takes only nonnegative values. Define $F : \mathbb{R}^2 \rightarrow [0,\infty)$ by
$$F(x,y) = ...
- 41
2
votes
0
answers
319
views
A (possible) generic spectral property in one dimensional dynamics
Context and Definitions
Consider the interval $I=[0,1]$. We say that $T:I\to I$ satisfies the axiom A (I am following [1]) if:
$T$ has a finite number of hyperbolic periodic attractors; and
defining $...
- 333