All Questions
Tagged with ca.classical-analysis-and-odes inequalities
176 questions
2
votes
0
answers
73
views
Question about Gidas-Ni-Nirenberg result
Background:
So I know that the Euler Lagrange equation associated with the Sobolev inequality takes the following form,
$$-\Delta u = u^p$$
where $p=2^*-1$ and here we assume that $u>0$ on $\mathbb{...
- 537
0
votes
0
answers
83
views
An inequality about quasi-linear function
Let $\gamma$ be a positive, nondecreasing, continuous, function defined on $[0,\infty]$. Suppose that $\gamma(x+y)\le C(\gamma(x)+\gamma(y))$. In addition, suppose $$ \int_{2}^{\infty}\frac{dr}{\gamma(...
- 171
1
vote
1
answer
113
views
Prove $\int_\Omega \left(\rho_{1} \ln \frac{\rho_{1}}{\rho_{2}}\right)dx dy \leq C\int_\Omega |\rho_1-\rho_2|dxdy$ for $0 \le \rho_1, \rho_2 \in L^1$
Let $\rho_1, \rho_2 \in L^1(\Omega;\mathbb R_+)$ such that $\int \rho_i|\ln \rho_i| < \infty$. Is it true that there exists a constant $C>0$ such that
\begin{align*}
\int_\Omega \left(\rho_{1} \...
user140746
3
votes
1
answer
71
views
Minoration of linear forms
In the book Number Theory IV from Parshin, one can find this statement (precisely at p. 215) with the comment "it is easy to see that...":
Let $a_{ij}$ ($1\le i,j\le m$) be complex numbers ...
- 3,998
1
vote
0
answers
84
views
How to show that $\Delta W \leq −2(n − 4)V$?
I am reading a preprint and trying to understand the proof of Lemma 3.5. On Pg. 19 above eqn (3.49) the authors claim that $\Delta W \leq −2(n − 4)V$ where the functions $W$ and $V$ are defined below,
...
- 537
2
votes
1
answer
198
views
Bounds for the beta CDF
This question is closely related to a previous question that I asked here:
An inequality involving the beta distribution
Let $a,b$ be strictly positive integers, and let $F_{a,b}(x)$ denote the CDF ...
- 4,049
6
votes
2
answers
513
views
Need a reference for a trigonometric inequality
In my old high school notebook (20 years ago), the following inequality appears with its proof:
$$1+\cos x + \frac{1}{2}\cos 2x + \cdots + \frac{1}{n}\cos nx \geq 0$$
for any real $x$ and positive ...
- 335
5
votes
2
answers
202
views
Monotonicity of a parametric integral
For real $x>0$, let
$$f(x):=\frac1{\sqrt x}\,\int_0^\infty\frac{1-\exp\{-x\, (1-\cos t)\}}{t^2}\,dt.$$
How to prove that $f$ is increasing on $(0,\infty)$?
Here is the graph $\{(x,f(x))\colon0<...
- 128k
7
votes
1
answer
352
views
Tight upper bounds on trigonometric polynomials
According to D. Hajela's chapter in Open Problems in Communications and Computation the following question was open as of the late 1980s. I have been unable to find any references so any results or ...
- 10.4k
2
votes
2
answers
411
views
Given a total variation distance from uniform, how well can we bound the probabilities of sub-intervals?
I made the following claim, which I now see that I don't know how to prove. Can anyone prove it?
Claim. Let $f$ be a concave and non-negative function on $[0,1]$ with $$\int_0^1 f = 1,$$
$$\int_0^1 |f-...
user44143
3
votes
1
answer
99
views
A bound on an oscillatory solution of an ODE
This question was restated as follows:
Let $V\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}$ be smooth, strictly decreasing and
$V(b) = 0$. Suppose that $f\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}$ is smooth and
satisfies $f''(x)+V(x) f(x)...
- 128k
3
votes
2
answers
287
views
An inequality for an integral transform of a function
Let
$$J_{f;y}(u):=3 u^3 \int_u^1\frac{dt}{t^4} \,e^{-i y t}f(t)- e^{-i u y}f(u),$$
where $y\in(0,\infty)$, $u\in(0,1)$, and
$$f(t):=t+\pi (1-t) t \cot (\pi t).$$
Here are the graphs of $f$ (black), ...
- 128k
0
votes
0
answers
173
views
Prove an inequality or find a counterexample
Suppose $\mathcal{M}_1$ represents the space of smooth probability density functions with unit mean, whose support is contained in $[0,\infty)$ (or $\mathbb{R}_+$). Define the following functional $$\...
- 730
12
votes
1
answer
858
views
Is this function concave?
Let
$$h(u):=u^3 \left|\int_u^\infty \frac{e^{-i t}}{t^3} \, dt\right|$$
for $u>0$. Is the function $h$ concave on $(0,\infty)$?
(For context, see Proposition 4.4.4 and formula (4.4.21) in this ...
- 128k
-1
votes
2
answers
293
views
show this inequality with $\frac{d^i}{dx^i}\left(1-\left(\frac{-x}{\ln(1-x)}\right)^{1/K}\right) \Bigg|_{x=0}>0, ~~~\forall i\in N^{+}$
I am trying to solve this Komal problem 661:
Let $K$ be a fixed positive integer. Let $(a_{0},a_{1},\cdots )$ be the sequence of real numbers that satisfies $a_{0}=-1$ and
$$\sum_{i_{0},i_{1},\cdots,...
- 4,280
-2
votes
1
answer
169
views
Question about Lipschitz conditions
Let $f$ be a function on some real interval $[a,b]$. Suppose that $\forall x\in [a,b]$, there exists a positive constant $C$ such that
$$ |f(x)-f(y)| \leq C|x-y| $$
for all $y \in [a,b]$.
Does each $x ...
- 419
23
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Are such functions differentiable?
In my recent researches, I encountered functions $f$ satisfying the following functional inequality:
$$
(*)\; f(x)\geq f(y)(1+x-y) \; ; \; x,y\in \mathbb{R}.
$$
Since $f$ is convex (because $\...
- 995
7
votes
2
answers
455
views
On a monotonicity property of Fourier coefficients of truncated power functions
Is it true that
$$a_{k,n}:=\int_0^{2\pi}x^k\cos(nx)\,dx$$
is nonincreasing in natural $n$ for each $k\in\{0,1,\dots\}$?
This question is related to this previous one.
Twice integrating by parts, one ...
- 128k
11
votes
1
answer
725
views
Chebyshev's other inequality
It is a simple fact, the granddaddy of correlation inequalities that if $f,g$ are monotone functions on $[0,1]$ then $$\int_0^1 f(x)g(x) dx \ge \int_0^1 f(x) dx \int_0^1 g(x) dx.$$ In their famous ...
- 827
0
votes
1
answer
32
views
Finiteness of a bilinear combination
For $j\in\mathbb{N}$, consider continuous functions $f_j:[0,1]\to\mathbb{\mathbb{R}^+}$ such that
$$\sup_{t\in[0,1]}\sum_jf_j(t)<+\infty,$$
namely $f_j(t)\in L_t^{\infty}((0,1),l_j^1(\mathbb{N}))$. ...
- 943
0
votes
1
answer
210
views
Integral estimate (inequality) with a Schwartz function
$\DeclareMathOperator\supp{supp}\newcommand\abs[1]{\lvert#1\rvert}\newcommand\Bigabs[1]{\Bigl\lvert#1\Bigr\rvert}$Given a Schwartz function $f \in \mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R})$ with $\supp(f) \subseteq [-A,...
user168186
10
votes
4
answers
3k
views
Convexity and Lipschitz continuity
It is probably an easy question, but somehow I am stuck.
Question Is the following statement true? If yes, how to prove it?
Suppose that $f\in C^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is convex and
$$
\langle\nabla f(x)-\...
- 28k
7
votes
2
answers
280
views
An inequality involving the beta distribution
Let $F$ be the CDF for a Beta distribution, $$F(x)=\frac{\Gamma(a+b)}{\Gamma(a)\Gamma(b)}\int_{0}^{x}t^{a-1}(1-t)^{b-1}\,dt$$ with $a,b\geq 1$. Is it true that $$\frac{b}{a+b} \leq\int_0^1\sqrt{F(x)}...
- 4,049
5
votes
2
answers
243
views
Is $\Gamma(s, x=s-1)/\Gamma(s)$ decreasing for real $s>1$? Is $\Gamma(s, x=s)/\Gamma(s)$ increasing?
This has received no full solution at StackExchange.
As per https://dlmf.nist.gov/8.10#E13 we have
$$\frac{\Gamma\left(n,n\right)}{\Gamma\left(n\right)}<\frac{1}{2}<\frac{\Gamma%
\left(n,n-1\...
- 804
2
votes
0
answers
85
views
inequality for two integral expressions
Given bounded positive functions $f, g, h \in L^1$, with $g, h$ finitely supported, I would like to compare the following two expressions:
$$\begin{aligned}
a_1 &= \int_{0}^{\infty} \! dx \, f(x) \...
user114668
1
vote
0
answers
151
views
Log-concavity inequality
Let $x,y,$ and $t$ be fixed real numbers, $1<x<y$, $0<t<1$. Does the following inequality hold for some $c$
$$\frac{\log{(tx+(1-t)y)}}{\log^t{x}\log^{(1-t)}{y}}>\frac{\log{(sw+(1-s)z)}}{...
- 3,209
5
votes
2
answers
301
views
Euler–Maclaurin formula in $\mathbb{Z}^d$
I was wondering whether there is a Euler–Maclaurin formula of sorts for expressions such as
$$
\sum_{x \in [a,b]^d\cap \mathbb{Z}^d} f(x) - \int_{[a,b]^d}f(x)
$$
where $d\ge 2$ is an integer, $a,b \...
- 446
2
votes
2
answers
358
views
An ODE comparison problem
Recently I met an ODE problem but after thinking for quite a while I still could not find an answer. Here is the question, which looks very simple:
Let $y=y(t)$ be a smooth function defined on $[0,\...
- 1,350
7
votes
3
answers
696
views
A generalization of discrete Hilbert's transform (Montgomery's inequality)
In the paper "Hilbert's inequality", Montgomery and Vaughan proved that a generalization of the discrete Hilbert transform is bounded in $\ell^2$. The inequality reads as follows
$$ \Big| \sum_{k\neq ...
12
votes
1
answer
749
views
Bounding a Fourier coefficient of a non-negative periodic function in terms of its $L^2$-norm
This question is motivated by the earlier MO question: Show that $(\sum_{k=1}^{n}x_{k}\cos{k})^2+(\sum_{k=1}^{n}x_{k}\sin{k})^2\le (2+\frac{n}{4})\sum_{k=1}^{n}x^2_{k}$ .
It is a cleaned up ...
- 43.7k
5
votes
3
answers
383
views
The exact constant in a bound on ratios of Gamma functions
The answer to another question (Upper bound of the fraction of Gamma functions) gave an asymptotic upper bound for an expression with Gamma functions:
$$\left(\frac{\Gamma(a+b)}{a\Gamma(a)\Gamma(b)}\...
- 343
2
votes
1
answer
286
views
An inequality for abstract Cauchy problem
Consider the following abstract Cauchy problem: $x'(t)=Ax(t)$, in $(0,T)$, with $x(0)=x_0$, where $A$ generates an analytic $C_0$-semigroup on a Banach space $X$. How we can prove an inequality of ...
- 97
1
vote
0
answers
422
views
Integral of matrix determinant with respect to Lebesgue measure
$\newcommand\norm[1]{\lVert#1\rVert}
\newcommand\opnorm[1]{\norm{#1}_{\text{op}}}
\newcommand\Frnorm[1]{\norm{#1}_{\text F}}$Define
\begin{align*}
S_t=\{
(A,B)\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times n}\times\...
- 1,495
7
votes
1
answer
235
views
A criterion on a vector field for its flow to extend continuously at $t=\infty$
In my work in algebraic topology I need to build a special homotopy and I came up with a construction based on some ordinary differential equation in which I am not an expert. I miss some argument to ...
28
votes
4
answers
3k
views
Prove that $\left(\frac{x^n+1}{x^{n-1}+1}\right)^n+\left(\frac{x+1}{2}\right)^n\geq x^n+1$
Let $x>0$ and $n$ be a natural number. Prove that:
$$\left(\frac{x^n+1}{x^{n-1}+1}\right)^n+\left(\frac{x+1}{2}\right)^n\geq x^n+1.$$
This question is very similar to many contests problems, but ...
- 1,054
8
votes
5
answers
2k
views
Prove that this expression is greater than 1/2
Let $0<x < y < 1$ be given. Prove
$$4x^{2}+4y^{2}-4xy-4y+1 + \frac{4}{\pi^2}\Big[
\sin^{2}(\pi x)+ \sin^{2}(\pi y) + \sin^{2}[\pi(y-x)] \Big] \geq \frac{1}{2}$$
I have been working on this ...
- 99
5
votes
1
answer
644
views
A conjecture about the submatrix of orthogonal matrix
Let $U$ be an $n\times n$ orthogonal matrix, i.e. $U\in\mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$. For any non-empty ordered sets $S_1,S_2\subset\{1,2,...,n\}$, define $U_{S_1S_2}$ to be an $|S_1|\times|S_2|$ submatrix ...
- 1,495
4
votes
1
answer
277
views
Find function with inequality for derivative
Let $C\geq 2$ and $L>0$. Does there exist $g \in C^1([0,L])$ such that
\begin{equation*}
g(x)>0, \qquad g'(x)>0, \qquad g'(x) > (g(L) - g(x))C
\end{equation*}
holds for any $x \in [0,L]...
- 115
2
votes
1
answer
248
views
Ratio of expectation involving random unit vectors
Let $u=(u_1,...,u_n), v=(v_1,...,v_n)$ be two random vectors independently and uniformly distributed on the unit sphere in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Define two other random variables $X=\sum_{i=1}^nu_i^2v_i^2$, ...
- 1,495
2
votes
1
answer
675
views
Moment generating function of random unit vector
Let $X$ be uniformly distributed on the unit sphere $S^{n-1}$. Is there any result concerning the calculation or bound (particularly lower bound) of
$$\mathbb{E}[\exp(X^Tv)]$$
for any $v$?
- 1,495
3
votes
2
answers
731
views
Non-asymptotic upper bound of right tail of Gamma function
I'm wondering if there is any non-asymptotic upper bound for the following Gamma function:
$$f_a(x)=\int_{x}^{\infty}t^a\exp(-t)dt$$
for $x>0,a>0$? Something like $x^a\exp(-x)$?
- 1,495
2
votes
1
answer
214
views
Ratio of hypergeometric function
Given $a>b>0$, is there any upper bound of the following ratio of hypergeometric function?
$$\frac{_2F_1(a,1-b;a+1;x)}{_2F_1(a,1-b;a+1;y)}$$
for $1>x>y>0$ ideally in the form like some ...
- 1,495
3
votes
1
answer
223
views
Ratio of Selberg integral
I'm considering a ratio of incomplete Selberg integral:
$$f_n(a,b)=\frac{\int_{\Delta_a}\prod_{i=1}^nx_i^{\alpha-\frac{n+1}{2}}\prod_{i=1}^n(1-x_i)^{-1/2}\prod_{i<j}|x_i-x_j|}{\int_{\Delta_b}\prod_{...
- 1,495
1
vote
1
answer
444
views
Upper bound of a ratio of integrals
I'm wondering how to upper bound the following ratio of integrals:
$$\frac{\int_{\Delta_a}(\prod_{i=1}^n\lambda_i)^{p-1}\prod_{i<j}|\lambda_i-\lambda_j|}{\int_{\Delta_b}(\prod_{i=1}^n\lambda_i)^{p-...
- 1,495
0
votes
0
answers
75
views
Does there exist $\alpha>0, \beta\in (0,1)$ such that $\dfrac{\sum_{k=1}^n a_k}{n}\le \alpha (a_1\cdots a_n)^{1/n} + \beta \max_i(a_i)$ holds?
Let $a_1\ge a_2\ge \cdots\ge a_n\ge 0$ be given non-negative numbers. My question is the following:
Is there any $\beta \in(0,1),\ \alpha>0$, such that $$\dfrac{a_1+\cdots+a_n}{n}\le \alpha (a_1\...
3
votes
1
answer
240
views
A certain generalisation of the golden ratio
Consider a real number $a \ge 1$, and let $g(a)$ be the unique positive solution $x>0$ of $x^a - x^{a-1} - 1 = 0.$
We have $g(1) = 2$, $g(2) = {1+\sqrt{5}\over2}$ (the golden ratio), and $g$ is ...
- 443
14
votes
3
answers
664
views
(Sharp) inequality for Beta function
I am trying to prove the following inequality concerning the Beta Function:
$$
\alpha x^\alpha B(\alpha, x\alpha) \geq 1 \quad \forall 0 < \alpha \leq 1, \ x > 0,
$$
where as usual $B(a,b) = \...
- 315
2
votes
1
answer
138
views
The blow-up rate of a nonlinear oscillator
(Related to this Math.SE question.)
For $p>1$, let $u$ be a solution to $$\tag{1}\frac{d^2 u}{dt^2} + u = |u|^{p-1}u$$ that blows up at $T>0$, that is $$\lim_{t\nearrow T}u(t)=+\infty.$$
...
- 692
1
vote
1
answer
507
views
Upper bound of the fraction of Gamma functions
Is there a simple upper bound of the following fraction of Gamma functions for any $a,b\geq1/2$:
$$\left(\frac{\Gamma(a+b)}{a\Gamma(a)\Gamma(b)}\right)^{1/a}$$
An upper bound in the following form is ...
- 1,495
9
votes
1
answer
410
views
The discrete Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality
Let $p>1$, $q>1$, $0<\lambda<1$ be such that
$\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}+\lambda=2$. Suppose that
$(a_{k})\in \ell^{p}(\mathbb{Z})$ and $(b_{k})\in \ell^{q}(\mathbb{Z})$.
It is known ([1,2,3]...
- 143