Questions tagged [borel-sets]
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108 questions
75
votes
4
answers
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Non-Borel sets without axiom of choice
This is a simple doubt of mine about the basics of measure theory, which should be easy for the logicians to answer. The example I know of non Borel sets would be a Hamel basis, which needs axiom of ...
- 7,442
19
votes
5
answers
10k
views
Projection of Borel set from $R^2$ to $R^1$
This should be easy to prove but I have no idea how to do it:
If $X \subseteq \mathbb{R}^2$ is borel then $f(X)$ is borel where $f(x,y) = x$
Thanks
Tobias
- 365
18
votes
1
answer
425
views
Partitions of the real line into Borel subsets
Problem 1. Is it true that for every cardinal $\kappa\le\mathfrak c$ there exists a partition $(B_\alpha)_{\alpha\in\kappa}$ of the real line into $\kappa$ pairwise disjoint non-empty Borel subsets?
...
- 41.8k
16
votes
5
answers
9k
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A G-delta-sigma that is not F-sigma?
A subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ is
$G_\delta$ if it is the intersection
of countably many open sets
$F_\sigma$ if it is the union of countably many closed sets
$G_{\delta\sigma}$ if it is the union
of ...
- 1,981
16
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Is it known how the Sigma Algebra generated by Jordan measurable sets compares to universally measurable sets and analytic sets?
Unlike the collection $L$ of Lebesgue measurable sets, the collection $J$ of Jordan measurable sets do not form a Sigma algebra. (A set is Jordan measurable if and only if its characteristic function ...
- 4,587
15
votes
2
answers
530
views
Nontrivial signed measure on Lebesgue measurable sets being trivial on Borel sets
Let $\mathfrak{L}(\mathbb{R})$ be the collection of Lebesgue measurable sets and $\mathfrak{B}(\mathbb{R})$ be the Borel sets.
Question: Is there a nontrivial signed measure on $\mathfrak{L}(\mathbb{R}...
- 807
14
votes
1
answer
735
views
Does there exist a non-zero signed finite borel measure which is zero on all balls?
Let $(X,d)$ be a compact separable metric space. Let $\mu$ be a Borel, regular, finite, signed measure on $X$ such that for all $x\in X$, for all $r>0$, $\mu(B(x,r))=0$, where $B$ denotes the (...
- 345
14
votes
2
answers
539
views
Non-isomorphic measurable spaces
Suppose that $X$ and $Y$ are measurable spaces with the property: there are measurable bijections $f:X \to Y$ and $g:Y \to X$. Is it possible to find non-isomorphic spaces $X,Y$ with this property? ...
- 9,330
13
votes
6
answers
3k
views
Sets with equal positive measure in every interval
Hi,
I want to write a proof that relies on the fact that:
There are Borel Sets $A$ and $B$ contained in $\mathbb{R}$ such that
$A \cap B = \emptyset$ and $\lambda(A \cap (x,y)) = \lambda(B \cap (x,...
- 133
10
votes
3
answers
1k
views
How to prove that the Lebesgue $\sigma$-Algebra is not countably generated?
How to prove that there can't exist a countable set $\{A_1,A_2,\dots\}\subset \mathcal{L}(\mathbb{R})$ (where $\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{R})$ denotes the family of all Lebesgue measurable sets) such that $\...
- 243
10
votes
1
answer
398
views
Wild classification problems and Borel reducibility
My question is whether the archetype of 'wild' problems in algebra, namely classifying pairs of square matrices up to similarity, is 'non-smooth' in the sense of Borel reducibility.
This was ...
- 22.2k
10
votes
1
answer
3k
views
Radon-Nikodym derivatives as limits of ratios
Let $\mu_1$ and $\mu_2$ be measures with $\mu_1 \ll \mu_2$. Suppose we can characterize (a version of) their Radon-Nikodym derivative this way:
$$\frac{d\mu_1}{d\mu_2}(x) = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{\...
- 629
10
votes
0
answers
161
views
Borel sets with almost equal sections
This is a corrected version of a Q posted yesterday.
Suppose that $B\ne\varnothing$ is a planar lightface $\varDelta^1_1$ set, such that all its vertical cross-sections $B_x$, $x\in\text{proj}\,B$, ...
- 2,281
10
votes
0
answers
744
views
Is the set of real-valued lower semi-continuous functions measurable in epigraph topology (= topology of Gamma convergence)?
Let LSC = LSC([0,1]) be the set of non-negative, lower semi-continuous functions on the unit interval which take values in $\mathbb{R}_+ \cup \{\infty\}$. We use epigraph topology on LSC, i.e. a ...
- 888
9
votes
2
answers
540
views
Can you fit a $G_\delta$ set between these two sets?
Every subset of $\mathbb N \times \mathbb N$ can be viewed as a relation on $\mathbb N$. The set $\mathcal P(\mathbb N \times \mathbb N)$ of all relations on $\mathbb N$ has a natural topology with ...
- 18.5k
9
votes
1
answer
396
views
VC dimension of Borel sets [duplicate]
Can there be an uncountable set $S\subseteq\mathbb R$ such that for each subset $D\subseteq S$, there is a Borel set $U$ with $D=S\cap U$?
I'm asking merely out of curiosity, but I'll mention that ...
- 24.8k
8
votes
3
answers
846
views
A compactness property for Borel sets
Is the following generalised compactness property of Borel sets in a Polish space consistent with ZFC?
($*$) Let $\mathcal{B}$ be a family of $\aleph_1$-many Borel sets. If $\bigcap \mathcal{B} = \...
- 866
8
votes
1
answer
938
views
Filling $\mathbb{R}^3$ with skew lines
I would like to know if it is possible to fill $\mathbb{R}^3$ with lines with the
following two properties:
(1) Every point $x \in \mathbb{R}^3$ is contained in precisely one line.
(2) Every ...
- 151k
8
votes
1
answer
230
views
Measure support decomposition that "tends to infinity"
I would like to know the answers to the following two questions.
Let $S$ be a locally compact Hausdorff space, $\mu$ be a regular Borel measure with non-compact support $M$. Denote
$$
\mathscr{H}=\{\...
- 1,697
8
votes
0
answers
196
views
Can every Borel set be partitioned into $\leq\!\aleph_1$ $F_{\sigma \delta}$ sets?
Consider the following two facts, a modified version of which appear in this paper of Arnie Miller from the early 1980's:
$\bullet$ If $\mathbb R$ can be partitioned into $\aleph_1$ closed sets, then ...
- 18.5k
7
votes
4
answers
983
views
Higher-rank Borel sets
What are interesting, illustrative examples of Borel sets, situated in Borel hierarchy higher than $\Sigma^{0}_{2}$ /$\Pi^{0}_{2}$?
- 918
7
votes
1
answer
280
views
Extending a finite Baire measure to a regular Borel measure
Let $X$ be a Hausdorff compact space, and let $\mathrm {Ba}$, $\mathrm {Bo}$ be its Baire, respectively, Borel, $\sigma$-algebras. Let $\mu:\mathrm {Ba}\to[0,+\infty)$ be a finite Baire measure: it is ...
- 60.5k
7
votes
2
answers
500
views
Do continuous maps factor through continuous surjections via Borel maps?
Let $f \colon X \twoheadrightarrow Y$ be a continuous surjection between compact Hausdorff spaces, and $g \colon \mathbb{R} \to Y$ a continuous function. Can you always find a Borel-measurable ...
- 3,937
6
votes
10
answers
8k
views
Best introduction to probability spaces, convergence, spectral analysis
I'm not sure if this stuff all falls under what most would just term "probability", but I'm researching applied macroeconomics and need to get a handle on the following concepts ASAP:
probability ...
- 163
6
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Borel cross section
It is known from metric space topology that a closed equivalence relation on a Polish space has either countably many or $\mathfrak{c}$ many equivalence classes.
A short elementary proof is given in ...
- 1,704
6
votes
1
answer
353
views
A strong Borel selection theorem for equivalence relations
In Kechris' book "Classical Descriptive Set Theory" there is the following theorem (12.16):
Let $X$ be a Polish space and $E$ an equivalence relation such that every equivalence class is ...
- 365
6
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Disjoint union of measures
This is a sort of follow-up question to this old post I came across.
Setup:
Let $\{X_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ be a collection of Hausdorff topological spaces and let $\{\Sigma_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ ...
- 5,407
6
votes
3
answers
1k
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Is the set of the absolutely continuous functions a Borel set of the space of the continuous functions?
Does anyone knows whether the set of the absolutely continous functions $F :[0,1]\to \mathbb{R}^d$ of the form $$F(t)= a + \int_0^tf(s) ds$$ where $f$ is an integrable function is a Borel set of the ...
- 125
6
votes
1
answer
394
views
Set of integral curves of a vector field
Let $V \colon [0,1]\times \mathbb R^d \to \mathbb R^d$ be a Borel vector field which is globally bounded, $V \in L^\infty$.
I am looking for a reference for the following result (which I suppose it ...
- 980
6
votes
1
answer
772
views
When do Borel $\sigma$-algebras generated by the total variation norm and the weak* topology coincide?
I am almost certain that I read somewhere that the following is true, but I cannot seem to locate the reference. I would be most appreciative if someone could point me to a reference. The result was ...
user12713
6
votes
1
answer
205
views
Topological complexity of ultrafilters in $2^\kappa$ for uncountable $\kappa$
It is a well known fact that if $\mathcal{F}$ is a non-principal ultrafilter on $\omega$, then the set $\{ \alpha \in 2^\omega : \alpha \in \mathcal{F}\}$ (conflating binary strings with subsets of $\...
- 12.4k
6
votes
1
answer
298
views
A rather non-$F_\sigma$ Borel set
I asked this question at MSE a week ago, but received no answer, so I cross-post it here.
I obtained a negative answer to this MSE question provided each metric space $X$ such that $|X|=\frak c$ and ...
- 5,409
6
votes
0
answers
216
views
Analytic equivalence relations whose classes are sometimes Borel
There are analytic equivalence relations for which the statement "All classes are Borel" is independent of $ZFC$. In all the examples I know about, the classes are non Borel in $L$ or $L[z]$ for some ...
- 61
5
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Regular Borel measures and the measure of a singleton
I'm studying this paper: http://matwbn.icm.edu.pl/ksiazki/sm/sm73/sm7313.pdf
At the top of page 36, it states the following Proposition:
Let $S$ be a compact and $\mu$ a regular Borel measure on $...
- 563
5
votes
1
answer
443
views
An example of a Deligne–Lusztig variety for a general linear group
Take $G=\operatorname{GL}_3$, defined over the algebraic closure of a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ and let $X$ be the set of Borel subgroups of $G$.
The Frobenius morphism $F:G\to G$ induces a map $F:...
- 153
5
votes
1
answer
254
views
Boolean algebra of ambiguous Borel class
Suppose $X$, $Y$ are uncountable compact metric spaces and $\Delta^0_\xi(X)$, $\Delta^0_\xi(Y)$ ($2\le\xi\le\omega_1$) are the Boolean algebras of Borel sets of ambiguous class $\xi$. So for $\xi=2$ ...
- 1,704
5
votes
1
answer
1k
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I can't believe it's not Replacement!
(I feel like I might have to apologise in advance for this question, but oh well..)
I just rediscovered a comment from Asaf K here on MO that states that full Replacement is not needed for Borel ...
- 35.4k
5
votes
1
answer
583
views
The Borel class of a countable union of $G_\delta$-sets, which are absolute $F_{\sigma\delta}$
Problem. Assume that a metrizable separable space $X$ is the countable union $X=\bigcup_{n\in\omega}X_n$ of pairwise disjoint $G_\delta$-sets $X_n$ in $X$ such that each $X_n$ is an absolute $F_{\...
- 41.8k
5
votes
1
answer
310
views
Abstract transverse measure theory
After reading Noncommutative Geometry book (see here) I came across the notion of the so called abstract transverse measure theory which is a generalization of standard measure theory well adapted to ...
- 9,330
5
votes
0
answers
95
views
Is there an equivalent condition for Borel projections being Borel?
Let $X,Y$ be Polish spaces, and $B\subseteq X \times Y$ a Borel subset. The projection $B_X$ is not necessarily Borel in $X$. I have seen a few sufficient conditions for the projection to be Borel, ...
- 291
5
votes
0
answers
363
views
Computing the infinite dimensional Lebesgue measure of "cubes"
There is no Lebesgue measure in infinite dimensions—this slogan is familiar to every student interested in analysis. One possible, precise statement of this result may be as follows: if $X$ is an ...
- 9,330
4
votes
1
answer
718
views
Is every element of $\omega_1$ the rank of some Borel set?
It is well known that we can obtain the $\sigma$-algebra of Borel subsets of $2^{\omega}$ in the following way: Let $B_0$ be the collection of all open subsets of $2^{\omega}$. For $\alpha=\beta+1$, ...
- 1,799
4
votes
2
answers
767
views
Possible subsets of reals that equal the set of continuity of a function
This should be an easy question, but I don't quite know how to approach it. It may be somewhat related to the concepts mentioned in the context of this past question, though it was motivated mainly by ...
- 7,320
4
votes
3
answers
688
views
Does every separated measurable space embed into a power of $\{0,1\}$?
Let $(X,\Sigma)$ be a measurable space of arbitrary cardinality. I would like to understand under which conditions this space is isomorphic to a measurable subset of $\{0,1\}^\kappa$ for some cardinal ...
- 6,406
4
votes
2
answers
452
views
Which topological spaces have a standard Borel $\sigma$-algebra?
Call a topological space $X$ standard Borel if $X$ is standard Borel as a measurable space (equipped with its Borel $\sigma$-algebra), i.e. if there is a Borel isomorphism between $X$ and a Polish ...
- 3,446
4
votes
2
answers
261
views
Product of locally Borel sets locally Borel
Let $X$ be a locally compact Hausdorff space with a fixed Radon measure (= Borel measure that is finite on compact subsets, inner regular on open subsets and outer regular on Borel sets) $\mu$ . A ...
- 175
4
votes
0
answers
273
views
Sierpinski's characterization of $F_{\sigma\delta}$ spaces
According to [2]: Let $X$ be a space. We call a system $(X_s)_{s\in T}$ a Sierpinski
stratification of $X$ if $T$ is a nonempty tree over a countable alphabet and $X_s$ is a closed subset of $X$ for ...
- 3,317
4
votes
0
answers
64
views
Borel rank collapse in Hilbert cube modulo $\sigma$-ideal generated by zero-dimensional sets
Both of the commonly studied $\sigma$-ideals (meager sets and null sets) in Polish spaces with a natural measure (i.e. $\mathbb{R}$, $[0,1]$, $[0,1]^\omega$, $2^{\omega}$, etc.) have the nice property ...
- 12.4k
4
votes
0
answers
414
views
Topology on the space of Borel measures
Let $ B $ be the set of all measures $ \phi $ of $ \mathbf{R}^{n} $ such that every open set is $ \phi $-measurable (sometimes these measures are called Borel measures). Note the measures in $ B $ are ...
- 541
4
votes
0
answers
570
views
Is this observation about the Borel Hierarchy trivial?
Hello, consider the following theorem. Is it trivial? Is it interesting? Is it worth including in a paper if I can prove it in 1 line as a corollary?
Theorem: Suppose $n>0$ is a natural. ...
- 121