Questions tagged [binary-quadratic-forms]

A binary quadratic form is a quadratic form in two variables.

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Cancellation in a sum of Möbius evaluated along a quadratic form

Let $Q(x,y)$ be an indefinite binary quadratic form. Suppose $0 < B < \sqrt{A} $ are such that $B \gg \sqrt{A}$. Is it true one can save an arbitrary power of log from the trivial bound in $$...
George Shakan's user avatar
6 votes
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186 views

Quadratic fields with moderately large fundamental units

Let $d > 1$ be a fundamental discriminant, and let $K_d = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})$. Denote by $\varepsilon_d$ the fundamental unit of $\mathcal{O}_{K_d}$, namely the smallest algebraic integer $\...
Stanley Yao Xiao's user avatar
6 votes
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some problems on sum of two squares

During my experiments with "Mathematica" I arrived to the following observations. My question is that are they interesting, known, solved or not. If they are known could you please give me a reference....
asad's user avatar
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From Bhargava to Gauss -- Why does correspondence of cubes and ideal classes imply Gauss correspondence?

In his seminal 2004 paper "Higher Composition Laws I" in the Annals of Mathematics, (doi:10.4007/annals.2004.159.217), Bhargava proves that for fixed $D \neq 0$, there is a bijective correspondence ...
Ashvin Swaminathan's user avatar
6 votes
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155 views

References for Gauss Composition using Galois Cohomology

Note: I have already posted this on stackexchange, but have not yet gotten a response. What are some good references for the Gauss composition law on binary quadratic forms in terms of Galois ...
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Two conjectures for primes $p\equiv 1\pmod 8$

Motivated by my paper Quadratic residues and quartic residues modulo primes [Int. J. Number Theory 16 (2020), 1833-1858], here I pose two new conjectures for primes $p\equiv1\pmod8$ based on my ...
Zhi-Wei Sun's user avatar
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5 votes
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primes represented by indefinite quadratic forms

Let $Q$ be an indefinite binary quadratic form with discriminant $D$ and one class per genus (keep the example $x^2 - 2y^2$ in mind). If one asks about the set $P = \{ p : p \text{ prime and } p = Q(...
Victor Miller's user avatar
4 votes
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Probability of quadratic real solutions

Solving geometric equations that sometimes lead to complex solutions made me wonder how commonly this occurs. I have two quadratic polynomial equations in $x$ and $y$, $$a\, x^2 + b\, x y + c\, y^2 + ...
Joseph O'Rourke's user avatar
4 votes
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148 views

Local-to-global principle for equivalence of binary quadratic forms

Let $f,g$ be irreducible binary quadratic forms with integer coefficients. Define the twisted action of $\operatorname{GL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ on $f$ by $$\displaystyle f_T(x,y) = \frac{1}{\det T} f(t_1 ...
Stanley Yao Xiao's user avatar
4 votes
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285 views

Cycle length and total count of Gauss reduced indefinite binary quadratic forms

Wikipedia lists two articles on maximum length for the continued fraction of $\sqrt n,$ Hickerson 1973 and Cohn 1977. There is a mess in the references, Cohn is not visible, just the link. Hmmm. ...
Will Jagy's user avatar
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Conjectures for primes $p\equiv1\pmod3$

Let $p$ be a prime with $p\equiv1\pmod3$. It is well known that we can write $p$ uniquely as $a_p^2+a_pb_p+b_p^2$ with $a_p,b_p\in\mathbb Z$ and $a_p>b_p>0$. Note that $a_b\not \equiv b_p\pmod3$....
Zhi-Wei Sun's user avatar
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3 votes
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Which integers are represented by fourth powers (with respect to Gauss composition) of binary quadratic forms?

Let $m$ be a positive integer. We say that $m$ can be represented by a binary quadratic form $$\displaystyle f(x,y) = ax^2 + bxy + cy^2, a,b,c \in \mathbb{Z}$$ if there exist integers $u,v$ such ...
Stanley Yao Xiao's user avatar
3 votes
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Does $(p-1)^2$ divide $\det[(\frac{i^2+cij+dj^2}p)]_{0\le i,j\le p-1}$ when $(\frac dp)=-1$?

Let $p$ be an odd prime. As in my paper, for $c,d\in\mathbb Z$ let us define $$[c,d]_p:=\det\left[\left(\frac{i^2+cij+dj^2}p\right)\right]_{0\le i,j\le p-1},$$ where $(\frac{\cdot}p)$ is the Legendre ...
Zhi-Wei Sun's user avatar
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3 votes
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Similar reduced integral matrices

Let $d\geq 1$ be an integer. I'm not assuming anything here about $d$ (it is not necessarily squarefree, for example), but if necessary I'm willing to reduce to the case where $d$ is squarefree and $-...
GreginGre's user avatar
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On covering with Idoneal integers

$d\in\Bbb N$ is an idoneal integer if $N\in\Bbb N_{>1}$ can be written uniquely as $N=x^2\pm dy^2$ then $N=2^mp^n$ where $p$ is odd prime and $n\geq0$ and $m\geq0$ holds. Let the $65$ known ...
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3 votes
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An asymptotic formula involving the $2$-torsion subgroup of the class group of real quadratic fields

Let $R$ be an order in some number field $K$ (not necessarily maximal). Then the class number $\text{Cl}(R)$ is equal to the cardinality of the Picard group of $R$, which is the group of equivalence ...
Stanley Yao Xiao's user avatar
3 votes
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128 views

Binary Quadratic Forms with coefficients in $F_q[T]$

I aim to study the binary forms $ax^2 + bxy + cy^2 = (a,b,c)$ where $a,b,c \in {F_q}[T]$ (charasteristic of $F_q$ not 2) in particular those such that the discriminant $D = b^2 - 4ac \in F_q[T]$ has ...
Cassius Manuel's user avatar
2 votes
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150 views

Eisenstein series evaluated at $2i$

Consider the real analytic Eisenstein series defined by $$ E(z,s) := \sum_{\gamma\in\Gamma_\infty\setminus\Gamma} Im(\gamma z)^s $$ where as usual, $\Gamma=SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ and $\Gamma_\infty$ is the ...
Krishnarjun's user avatar
2 votes
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231 views

Correspondence between class group of binary quadratic forms and the narrow class group via Dirichlet composition: an elementary approach?

I have been trying to explore and learn about connections between the form class group and the ideal class group. To be on the same page, we define the form class group of a negative discriminant $D \...
asrxiiviii's user avatar
2 votes
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Distribution of binary quadratic forms in a given genus

It was brought up in this question (Distribution of 'square classes' of binary quadratic forms) that the objects I am interested in are actually binary quadratic forms in the principal genus ...
Stanley Yao Xiao's user avatar
2 votes
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115 views

Conjectural bound on gaps between values assumed by quadratic forms

Let $D$ be a discriminant, i.e., $D \equiv 1 \pmod{4}$ or $D \equiv 0 \pmod{4}$. Let $\mathcal{S}(D)$ be the set of positive integers for which there exists a binary quadratic form $f$ with integer ...
Stanley Yao Xiao's user avatar
1 vote
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Is there an available English translation for Artin's "Quadratische Körper im Gebiete der höheren Kongruenzen"?

Otherwise, is it reasonable to work through the German edition with only a basic knowledge of German?
delpsi's user avatar
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1 vote
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Number of representations by indefinite quadratic forms

Let $Q(x,y) = a x^2 + b x y + c y^2$ be a quadratic form with positive discriminant $d = b^2 - 4 a c > 0$. Is it true that the number of solutions to $Q(x,y) = n$ is bounded above by $\ll_{\...
WorldAnon's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
104 views

Equidistribution of integers and primes with respect to class group structure of imaginary quadratic fields

For a given positive integer $d$ such that $-d$ is a fundamental discriminant, put $h(-d)$ for the cardinality of the ideal class group of the imaginary quadratic field $K_d = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-d})$, ...
Stanley Yao Xiao's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
94 views

Reducible binary quadratic form

Let $f(x,y)=(ex+fy)(gx+hy); \ x,y,e,f,g,h \in \mathbb{Z}$ be a reducible integral binary quadratic form. Is there a criterion to determine if a number is represented by this form? In particular, does ...
Max Power's user avatar
1 vote
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Counting 'admissible' binary quadratic forms

Let $f(x,y) = f_2 x^2 + f_1 xy + f_0 y^2$ be a primitive, positive definite, and reduced binary quadratic form. Put $k_f$ for the fundamental discriminant associated to $f$. That is, $k_f$ is square-...
Stanley Yao Xiao's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
138 views

Positive definite quadratic form algorithm

Let $f(x,y)= ax^2+bxy+cy^2$, or similarly denote it by $(a,b,c)$. This question is about the case $(1,0,p)$ where $p$ is prime. Suppose I have one solution $\bar{x}_1=(x_0,y_0)$ for $f(x,y)=m$ for ...
ReverseFlowControl's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
293 views

MIQP formulation in L0 norm optimization

Consider the L0 norm compressed sensing problem: $$\eqalign{ & \min \quad {x^T}Qx + {c^T}x + {\mu\left\| x \right\|_0} \cr & s.t:\quad Ax \le b \cr} $$ Suppose I do want to solve this ...
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