All Questions
Tagged with big-list nt.number-theory
66 questions
7
votes
0
answers
166
views
Examples of finitary problems/theorems of high logical complexity? [duplicate]
Generally, number theoretic conjectures which are well-known and easy to explain are either obviously $\Pi^0_1$ or $\Pi^0_2$, which is to say, their truth can be decided by a single membership query ...
- 1,452
2
votes
0
answers
158
views
What rational zeta series with non-integer arguments appear in mathematics?
Background
Rational zeta series are series of the form $$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} q_{n} \zeta(n + p, m), \label{1} \tag{1} $$ where $\zeta(x,m)$ is the Hurwitz zeta function and $q_{n}, \ p \in \mathbb{Q} \...
- 4,829
5
votes
1
answer
505
views
Nice diophantine equations with large smallest solutions
Given a polynomial $P$ with integer coefficients in finitely many variables,
we denote by $v(P)$ the product of the absolute values of the non-zero coefficients
and the non-zero total degrees of the ...
0
votes
1
answer
454
views
How did Ramanujan come up with the Ramanujan summation and is it possible to extend it to higher number sets
How did Ramanujan come up with the Ramanujan summation and is it possible to extend it to higher sets (Everything circled in red is what I'm interested in (+ the Cauchy integral to make it Dedekind ...
- 19
5
votes
0
answers
212
views
Relations between Whittaker functions/W algebras and Stokes data/resurgence
Skippable background: A Whittaker function is more or less a function on a flag manifold which is twisted-invariant for the action of a unipotent subgroup. E.g. consider functions $f$ on $\mathbf{P}^1$...
- 5,701
11
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Compilation of strategies to show that some constant is irrational
I'm looking into expanding my knowledge in ways to show that some constant is irrational. I'm gonna give some examples of irrationality proofs, and I'm interested in learning what strategies you guys ...
- 521
1
vote
2
answers
734
views
What is the most "informative" Yes/No math question you know? [closed]
Imagine that alien civilization contacted you and offered to answer one math question. This should be a Yes/No question (so, you cannot ask for a million-digit binary string encoding the answers to a ...
6
votes
4
answers
2k
views
Consequences of Goldbach's conjecture
In a letter of 1742 to Euler, Goldbach expressed the belief that ‘Every integer $N>5$ is the sum of three primes’. Euler replied that this is easily seen to be equivalent to the following statement:...
52
votes
6
answers
5k
views
Siegel zeros and other "illusory worlds": building theories around hypotheses believed to be false
What are some examples of serious mathematical theory-building around hypotheses that are believed or known to be false?
One interesting example, and the impetus for this question, is work in number ...
23
votes
1
answer
3k
views
A list of proofs of the Hasse–Minkowski theorem
I am currently doing a project in which I intend to include the most insightful possible proof of the Hasse–Minkowski theorem (also known as the Hasse principle for quadratic forms, among other names) ...
18
votes
4
answers
621
views
What are immediate applications of the classification of connected reductive groups?
After years of putting it off, I finally sat down, read, and understood the classification of connected reductive groups via root data.
That's a non-trivial theory! I'm hoping that now that I am done ...
- 557
2
votes
0
answers
206
views
What problems are easier assuming zeros of a zeta function don’t behave as we expect?
What are some examples of problems which are easier to solve assuming zeros of zeta functions lie off the critical line or do not have expected vertical distribution.
There are some very well known ...
user156885
15
votes
7
answers
1k
views
Examples of proofs by making reduction to a finite set [closed]
This is a very abstract question, I hope this is appropriate.
Suppose $T$ is some claim over some infinite set $A$, for example, let $A$ be the set of all loopless planar graphs, and $T$ be the claim "...
4
votes
0
answers
274
views
What arithmetic would you do in parallel?
This is a post asking for references, and soliciting problems and people interested in accelerated computing. I will add the big-list tag and make it community-wiki. If this interests you strongly, ...
16
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Examples of problems where considering "discrete analogues" has provided insight or led to a solution of the original problem
The Kakeya conjecture posits that any Kakeya set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ has dimension $n$.
A discrete (finitized?) version of this problem is the Finite Field Kakeya conjecture, which was proved by Dvir ...
14
votes
8
answers
2k
views
Applications of the idea of deformation in algebraic geometry and other areas?
The idea of proving something by deforming the general case to some special cases is very powerful. For example, one can prove certain equalities by regarding both sides as functions/sheaves, and show ...
0
votes
0
answers
116
views
Reference request for bounds of $n$-th composite
Motivation
I will briefly elaborate here my motivations for asking the question. If you are not interested in it then please go to the questions.
Recently during trying to understand and prove the ...
user57432
48
votes
6
answers
5k
views
Are there examples of conjectures supported by heuristic arguments that have been finally disproved?
The idea for this comes from the twin prime conjecture, where the heuristic evidence seems just so overwhelming, especially in the light of Zhang's famous result from 2014 about Bounded gaps between ...
40
votes
6
answers
4k
views
What motivations for automorphic forms?
Automorphic forms are ubiquitous in modern number theory and stands as a mysterious Graal lying at the intersection of many fields, if not building valuable bridges between them. However, since this ...
33
votes
7
answers
3k
views
Examples of integer sequences coincidences
For the time being, the OEIS website contains almost $300000$ sequences. Each of these sequences is the mark of a specific mathematical concept. Sometimes two (or more) distinct concepts have the ...
2
votes
0
answers
120
views
Conjectures that can be tested with large numbers of Hecke eigenvalues of GSp(4) automorphic forms
As part of my thesis work I have proved Ibukiyama's conjecture implies something about $\mathrm{SO}(5)$ forms associated to certain lattices lifting to $\mathrm{GSp}(4)$ (This was originally a ...
25
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Interpretations and models of permanent
The standard interpretation of permanent of a $0/1$ matrix if considered as a biadjacency matrix of a bipartite graph is number of perfect matchings of the graph or if considered as a adjacency matrix ...
- 13.9k
46
votes
2
answers
4k
views
What are the potential applications of perfectoid spaces to homotopy theory?
This year's Arizona Winter School was on perfectoid spaces, and there were quite a few homotopy theorists in the audience. I'd like to get a "big list" of reasons homotopy theorists might care about ...
12
votes
1
answer
565
views
On Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe formula for irrational numbers
A BBP-type formula for an irrational number $\alpha$ in the integer base $b\geq 2$ is a formula in the form $\alpha=\Sigma_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{b^k}\frac{p(k)}{q(k)}$ ($p, q$ are polynomials in ...
54
votes
4
answers
3k
views
When has the Borel-Cantelli heuristic been wrong?
The Borel-Cantelli lemma is very frequently used to give a heuristic for whether or not certain statements in number theory are true.
For example, it gives some evidence that there are finitely many ...
- 11.4k
19
votes
8
answers
3k
views
Open problems in continued fractions theory
I propose to collect here open problems from the theory of continued fractions. Any types of continued fractions are welcome.
9
votes
2
answers
791
views
Rational points techniques on curves not using their Jacobian
Let $C/K$ be a curve of genus > 2 over a number field $K$ and suppose there exists a $p \in C(K)$. Then a recurring theme in studying $C(K)$ is using the map $C \to J(C)$ normalized by sending $p$ to ...
- 2,224
18
votes
7
answers
6k
views
Proofs of the Chevalley-Warning Theorem
A well known proof of the Chevally-Warning Theorem is the one listed on wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevalley%E2%80%93Warning_theorem
Are there any other proofs of this, or ...
- 1,890
14
votes
2
answers
857
views
References for particular topics related to Langlands
I have never really concentrated on Langlands, which explains my poor level of understanding of it. But I have read quite a few introductory papers related to Langlands, and to the circle of ideas ...
9
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Adelic methods for classical modular forms
Many conjectures about properties of automorphic forms on $\mathrm{GL}(2)$ can be formulated in the basic language of classical modular forms (i.e. Hecke forms that are holomorphic on $\mathbb{H}$ or ...
- 8,374
7
votes
4
answers
2k
views
Interactions of number theoretic conjectures and other fields of mathematics
There are many interesting open conjectures in number theory. My question is not about partial results or possible ways to prove them. It is about their interactions with the other fields of ...
42
votes
4
answers
6k
views
Famous vacuously true statements
I am interested to know other examples vacuously true statements that are non-trivial. My starting example is Turan's result in regards to the Riemann hypothesis, which states
Suppose that for each $...
75
votes
1
answer
12k
views
What if the Riemann Hypothesis were false?
There are lots of known and interesting consequences of the Riemann Hypothesis being true. Are there any known and interesting consequences of the Riemann Hypothesis being false?
9
votes
0
answers
3k
views
"Must read "papers on analytic number theory
Question: What would be some must-read
papers for an aspiring analytic number
theorist? In other words, what are the papers that any analytic number theorist would have read? (Background: Someone ...
6
votes
4
answers
1k
views
fourier analytic proofs
While searching through Mathoverflow, I found out a fourier analytic proof of the Isoperimetric Inequality.Also, by google search I found a fourier analytic proof of Quadratic Reciprocity theorem.I ...
11
votes
6
answers
3k
views
What are conjectures that are true for primes but then turned out to be false for some composite number?
Note: This is an update formulation since many people misunderstood the question before.
Of course it is easy to make a statement like "Every n is a prime or at most 1000", which is true for every ...
- 18.9k
30
votes
15
answers
17k
views
Useless math that became useful
I'm writing an article on Lychrel numbers and some people pointed out that this is completely useless.
My idea is to amend my article with some theories that seemed useless when they are created but ...
10
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Consequences of Legendre's conjecture
I am looking for a list/reference which explores the consequences of Legendre's conjecture, which states that one can always find a prime number between $n^2$ and $(n+1)^2$.
- 215
5
votes
0
answers
227
views
Quotations about the class number formula, etc.
I'm looking for interesting and/or expressive quotations from mathematicians about the class number formula. I'm interested both in quotations from historical mathematicians and from modern ...
12
votes
3
answers
849
views
Applications of idempotent ultrafilters
Recently Justin Moore has posted a solution to the amenability of Thompson's group F. A key(?) step exploits the existence of idempotent ultrafilters on $\mathbb N$ to construct an idempotent measure ...
13
votes
10
answers
1k
views
Properties of natural numbers such that there is a "very large largest" number with that property
I'm looking for properties (P) such that you would assume that there are infinitely many natural numbers with property (P) (for example because there are very large numbers with that property) but ...
33
votes
3
answers
3k
views
Arithmetic geometry examples
(This is inspired by Algebraic geometry examples.)
I want to collect here (counter)examples in arithmetic geometry.
Curves violating the Hasse principle: The Selmer curve $3X^3 + 4Y^3 + 5Z^3 = 0$. ...
87
votes
38
answers
26k
views
Where is number theory used in the rest of mathematics?
Where is number theory used in the rest of mathematics?
To put it another way: what interesting questions are there that don't appear to be about number theory, but need number theory in order to ...
57
votes
13
answers
20k
views
'Important' applications of p-adic numbers outside of algebra (and number theory).
Surely, $\mathbb{Z}_p$ and $\mathbb{Q}_p$ (and their extensions) are very important for algebra and number theory. Do they have any important applications outside of algebra (that I could easily ...
5
votes
4
answers
2k
views
Which conjectures only need the Grand Riemann Hypothesis to become genuine theorems?
Hello,
I've been interested in number theory for several years, and as time goes by, I read more and more articles in which theorems begin with "Assume the Riemann Hypothesis holds." But up to now, I ...
13
votes
4
answers
1k
views
What results would follow from or imply "randomness" of the primes?
This question on random versions of deterministic problems reminded me that many conditional results in number theory hold if the primes are in some sense random, and it is common knowledge that the ...
9
votes
6
answers
5k
views
Examples of naturally occurring Quadratic forms or quadrics.
I am always fascinated when a quadratic form (or a quadric) arises naturally. I have
some elementary examples, but most of all, I want to learn more examples. I hope this question isn't considered too ...
30
votes
11
answers
5k
views
New proofs to major theorems leading to new insights and results?
I am wondering, historically, when has a new proof of an old theorem been particularly fruitful. A few examples I have in mind (all number theoretic) are:
First example is classical... which is Euler'...
97
votes
19
answers
38k
views
Collecting proofs that finite multiplicative subgroups of fields are cyclic
I teach elementary number theory and discrete mathematics to students who come with no abstract algebra. I have found proving the key theorem that finite multiplicative subgroups of fields are cyclic ...
7
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Applications of periodic continued fractions
Some answers from Applications of finite continued fractions in fact are Applications of periodic continued fractions. I think that it should be separate question.
What can you add to the following ...