Questions tagged [banach-spaces]

A Banach space is a complete normed vector space: A vector space equipped with a norm such that every Cauchy sequence converges.

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1 answer
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Uniform boundedness of an $L^2[0,1]$-ONB in $C[0,1]$

Assume that we have an orthonormal basis of smooth functions in $L^2[0,1]$. Are there useful practical criteria to determine whether the sup-norm of the basis functions has a uniform bound? I am sure ...
András Bátkai's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
640 views

Can $L^1_{loc}$ be represented as colimit?

Let $L^1_{loc}$ denote the set of all functions from $\mathbb{R}$ to itself which are locally integrable. For every infinite compact subset $K\subseteq \mathbb{R}$, let $L^1_{m_K}$ denote the space ...
ABIM's user avatar
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18 votes
3 answers
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What are the matrices preserving the $\ell^1$-norm?

So I am inspired by unitary matrices which preserve the $\ell^2$-norm of all vectors, so in particular the unit norm vectors. But then I saw that the $\ell^1$-norm of probability vectors is preserved ...
D. Rusin's user avatar
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15 votes
2 answers
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Approximating operators on Banach spaces by bounded operators on a proper dense subspace

While digging through old piles of notes and jottings, I came across a question I'd looked at several years ago. While I was able to get partial answers, it seemed even then that the answer should be ...
Yemon Choi's user avatar
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12 votes
2 answers
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Direct proof of injectivity of $L_\infty$

I would like to know a simple proof of isometric injectivity of $L_\infty$. The proof I've found in Topics in Banach space theory. F. Albiac, N. Kalton uses two deep result. $L_\infty$ as ...
Norbert's user avatar
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8 votes
3 answers
613 views

Is there a version of Fischer-Riesz theorem for Banach space?

$( \Omega,F, P )$: a measurable space equipped with a finite measure $(B , \Vert \cdot \Vert) $ : a Banach space with $\mathcal{B}$ as its borelian $\sigma$-algebra $p$ : a constant bigger than $1$ ...
Taro Tokyo's user avatar
47 votes
3 answers
6k views

Absolute value inequality for complex numbers

I asked this question on stackexchange, but despite much effort on my part have been unsuccesful in finding a solution. Does the inequality $$2(|a|+|b|+|c|) \leq |a+b+c|+|a+b-c|+|a+c-b|+|b+c-a|$$ ...
Rene Schipperus's user avatar
42 votes
1 answer
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Can $L^p(\mathbb{R})$ and $ L^q(\mathbb{R})$ be isomorphic?

Let $p,q \in (1,\infty)$ with $p\neq q$. Are the Banach spaces $L^p(\mathbb{R})$, $L^q(\mathbb{R})$ isomorphic?
Lost's user avatar
  • 549
34 votes
1 answer
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tr(ab)=tr(ba), part 2.

This is a Banach space version of Andre Henriques' question Trace Question for Hilbert spaces. Let $a:X\to Y$ and $b:Y\to X$ be bounded linear operators between Banach spaces s.t. $ba$ and $ab$ ...
Bill Johnson's user avatar
32 votes
2 answers
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Are there non-reflexive vector spaces isomorphic to their bi-dual?

Let $V$ be an infinite dimensional topological vector space and consider the natural application $\iota\colon V\to V^{**}$. The space $V$ is said to be reflexive if $\iota$ is an isomorphism. Are ...
diverietti's user avatar
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32 votes
0 answers
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Isometric embeddings of finite subsets of $\ell_2$ into infinite-dimensional Banach spaces

Question: Does there exist a finite subset $F$ of $\ell_2$ and an infinite-dimensional Banach space $X$ such that $F$ does not admit an isometric embedding into $X$? There are some results of the ...
Mikhail Ostrovskii's user avatar
27 votes
1 answer
2k views

Decomposable Banach Spaces

An infinite dimensional Banach space $X$ is decomposable provided $X$ is the direct sum of two closed infinite dimensional subspaces; equivalently, if there is a bounded linear idempotent operator on $...
Bill Johnson's user avatar
23 votes
9 answers
2k views

Nonseparable counterexamples in analysis

When asking for uncountable counterexamples in algebra I noted that in functional analysis there are many examples of things that “go wrong” in the nonseparable setting. But most of the examples I'm ...
22 votes
2 answers
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Meager subspaces of a Banach space and weak-* convergence

I previously asked a version of this question on Math.SE, but didn't receive an answer. (But there is a bounty there if you want to claim it!) Let $X$ be a Banach space. (If it helps, feel free to ...
Nate Eldredge's user avatar
19 votes
1 answer
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Infinite convex combinations in a Banach space

Let's say that a subset $C$ of a Banach space $X$ is $\sigma$-convex if the following property holds: For any sequence $(x_k)_{k\ge0}$ in $C$, and for any sequence of non-negative real numbers $(\...
Pietro Majer's user avatar
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16 votes
2 answers
674 views

Ultraweak topology on B(X): Is the map X\otimes X* -> B(X)* isometric?

Let $X$ be a Banach space. Consider the map $$ \alpha\colon X\hat{\otimes} X^* \to B(X)^*, $$ defined one simple tensors as $$ \alpha(\xi\otimes\eta)(a) = \eta(a(\xi)).\quad (\xi\in X, \eta\in X^*, a\...
Hannes Thiel's user avatar
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16 votes
1 answer
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What (classes of) Banach spaces are known to have Schauder basis?

Motivation: I am trying to see for what class of Banach spaces the following result is true: There exists an increasing sequence of finite dimensional subspace {$V_n$} of a Banach space X (with ...
Clark Chong's user avatar
15 votes
1 answer
671 views

Open bilinear maps that are not uniformly open

A map $f\colon X\to Y$ between metric spaces is uniformly open whenever for each $\varepsilon >0$ there is $\delta >0$ such that for any $x\in X$ one has $$B_Y\big(f(x),\delta\big)\subseteq f\...
Tomasz Kania's user avatar
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14 votes
2 answers
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Are weak and strong convergence of sequences not equivalent?

For some infinite-dimensional Banach spaces $E$, it is easy to find sequences $\langle x_i:i\in\mathbb N_0\rangle$ which converge to zero weakly but not in the norm topology, i.e. we have $\lim_{i\to\...
TaQ's user avatar
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12 votes
1 answer
562 views

Is $\ell_p$ $(1<p<\infty)$ finitely isometrically distortable?

Let $Y$ be a Banach space isomorphic to $\ell_p$, $1<p<\infty$. Is it true that any finite subset of $\ell_p$ is isometric to some finite subset of $Y$? It seems to me that it is an interesting ...
Mikhail Ostrovskii's user avatar
12 votes
3 answers
1k views

Banach spaces $X$ with $\ell_2(X)$ not isomorphic to $L_2([0,1],X)$

Let $X$ be a Banach space. I think that some time ago I read somewhere that, in general, the space $\ell_2(X)$ of all sequences $(x_n)$ in $X$ with $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \|x_n\|^2<\infty$ is not ...
M.González's user avatar
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8 votes
0 answers
984 views

Strictly singular operators and their adjoints

This is a question I thought about a while back and figured I'd throw it out there to see if anyone has some insight that I am missing. Let $X$ and $Y$ be infinite dimensional separable Banach ...
Kevin Beanland's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
322 views

Extremal problem for 2-dimensional lattices

Given a lattice $L$ in a Banach space $(B,\|\;\|)$, one denotes by $\lambda_1(L)$ the least norm of a nonzero element in $L$, and by $\lambda_k$ the least $\lambda$ such that there is a linearly ...
Mikhail Katz's user avatar
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7 votes
1 answer
895 views

Compactness of the unit ball of a Banach space for topologies finer than the weak* topology

Let $(\mathcal{X} , \|\cdot \|_\mathcal{X})$ be a Banach space and $\mathcal{X}'$ its topological dual. We denote by $\| \cdot \|_{\mathcal{X}'}$ the dual norm and define also the topological dual $\...
Goulifet's user avatar
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5 votes
1 answer
183 views

Which Banach spaces are absolute Lipschitz extensors for compacta?

A metric space $X$ is defined to be an absolute Lipschitz extensor for compacta if each Lipschitz map $f:K\to K$ defined on a compact subset $K\subset X$ extends to a Lipschitz map $\bar f: X\to X$. ...
Taras Banakh's user avatar
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5 votes
0 answers
227 views

What is the smallest number of hyperplanes covering $\ell_2$?

For a Banach space $X\ne \{0\}$, let $\mathrm{cov}_H(X)$ be the smallest number of hyperplanes covering $X$. By a hyperplane in a Banach space I understand any closed affine subspace of codimension ...
Taras Banakh's user avatar
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4 votes
2 answers
550 views

Is a specific sequentially closed subset of $M([0,1])$ closed?

Let $M([0,1])$ be the set of finite signed measures on $[0,1]$ (with the topology generated by the sets $\left\{ \mu \in M([0,1]) : \left| \int f(x) \mu(dx)- a\right| \leq \delta\right\}$ for all $\...
Ori's user avatar
  • 95
3 votes
1 answer
506 views

Construction of an infinitely Fréchet differentiable function with given set of zeros in a Banach space

After looking at this question, I am now wondering if the following is true. Let $X$ be a separable Banach space over $\mathbb R$ or $\mathbb C$, and $A\subseteq X$ a closed set. Then there exists ...
Ma Joad's user avatar
  • 1,611
78 votes
3 answers
8k views

Norms of commutators

If an $n$ by $n$ complex matrix $A$ has trace zero, then it is a commutator, which means that there are $n$ by $n$ matrices $B$ and $C$ so that $A= BC-CB$. What is the order of the best constant $\...
Bill Johnson's user avatar
33 votes
1 answer
1k views

Is $L^2(\mathbb R)$ homeomorphic to $L^1(\mathbb R)$?

Is $L^2(\mathbb R)$ homeomorphic to $L^1(\mathbb R)$? More generally, are there instances of surprising homeomorphisms between non-isomorphic Banach spaces?
André Henriques's user avatar
30 votes
3 answers
3k views

Surjectivity of operators on $\ell^\infty$

Can anyone give me an example of an bounded and linear operator $T:\ell^\infty\to \ell^\infty$ (the space of bounded sequences with the usual sup-norm), such that T has dense range, but is not ...
Amir's user avatar
  • 301
29 votes
6 answers
8k views

Nonseparable Hilbert spaces

Being nonseparable Banach space is in fact nothing special: one meets the first examples in the standard functional analysis course, when one learns about $\ell^p$ or $L^p[0,1]$ spaces-these spaces ...
truebaran's user avatar
  • 9,140
29 votes
2 answers
2k views

What theorem constructs an initial object for this category? (Formerly "Integrability by abstract nonsense")

Tom Leinster has a note here about how you can realize L^1[0,1] as the initial object of a certain category. You should really read his note because it is only 2.5 pages and is much more charming than ...
Steven Gubkin's user avatar
21 votes
5 answers
3k views

Isomorphisms of Banach Spaces

Suppose $X$ and $Y$ are Banach spaces whose dual spaces are isometrically isomorphic. It is certainly true that $X$ and $Y$ need not be isometrically isomorphic, but must it be true that there is a ...
Mike Hartglass's user avatar
21 votes
3 answers
3k views

Can you tell whether a space is Banach from the unit ball?

Let $V$ be a real vector space. It is well known that a subset $B\subset V$ is the unit ball for some norm on $V$ if and only if $B$ satisfies the following conditions: $B$ is convex, i.e. if $v,w\...
Jim Belk's user avatar
  • 8,433
19 votes
3 answers
1k views

What standard Banach space is isomorphic to the completion of this different normed structure on $\ell^1$?

A colleague asked me the following question: "What can one do with the following norm on $\ell^1$: $|x|=\int_1^2 |x|_pdp$ where $| \;\; |_p$ is the standard norm on $\ell_p$?" This ...
Ali Taghavi's user avatar
18 votes
1 answer
551 views

Is the space of Hankel operators complemented in B(H)?

Let $H$ be $\ell^2({\mathbb N})$ and let $S:H\to H$ be the unilateral forward shift, so that $S^*S=I\neq SS^*$. Then a bounded operator $T:H\to H$ is Hankel if and only if it satisfies $TS=S^*T$. Let ...
Yemon Choi's user avatar
  • 25.5k
18 votes
3 answers
2k views

What are the right categories of finite-dimensional Banach spaces?

This is inspired partly by this question, especially Tom Leinster's answer. Let me start with some background. I apologize that this will be rather long, since I'm hoping for input from people who ...
Mark Meckes's user avatar
  • 11.2k
17 votes
1 answer
902 views

$(1+\epsilon)$-injective Banach spaces, complex scalars

It is well known that a real Banach space which is $(1+\epsilon)$-injective for every $\epsilon >0$ is already 1-injective (Lindenstrauss Memoirs AMS, 1964, download here). Using common ...
Fred Dashiell's user avatar
17 votes
5 answers
4k views

Brownian motion and spheres

Consider a Brownian motion on $[0;1]$. A (finite) discrete approximation of this Brownian motion consists of $N$ iid Gaussian random variables $\Delta W_i$ of variance $\frac{1}{N}$: $$ W\left(\frac{k}...
Alekk's user avatar
  • 2,133
16 votes
1 answer
945 views

Generalizing the Mazur-Ulam theorem to convex sets with empty interior in Banach spaces

The Mazur-Ulam theorem (1932) states that any isometry of a normed linear space is affine. See Nica (Expo. Math. 30 (2012), 397-398; arXiv:1306.2380) for a very elegant proof. Question: Let $M$ be a ...
Mikhail Ostrovskii's user avatar
16 votes
6 answers
2k views

Finding closed subspaces whose sum isn't closed

Let $V_0$ be a closed infinite-dimensional subspace of a Banach space $V$ such that the quotient $V/V_0$ is also infinite-dimensional. Is it always possible to find a closed subspace of $V$ whose sum ...
Nik Weaver's user avatar
16 votes
3 answers
1k views

A natural center of a convex weakly compact set in Banach space

Question: Let $S$ be a convex weakly compact set in Banach space $H$. Propose a natural way to define the unique center $O \in S$. Motivation: A lot! For example, in game theory $S$ can be a set of ...
Bogdan's user avatar
  • 161
15 votes
0 answers
256 views

Spaces locally modelled on $L^2(\mathbb R)$

In this recent question, I learned that any two separable Banach spaces are homeomorphic. Based on some readings, I'm guessing that $L^2(\mathbb R)$ is homeomorphic to $\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (0,1)$ (...
André Henriques's user avatar
15 votes
2 answers
671 views

On sums of independent random variables in Banach spaces

Let $(\xi_n)_{n\ge 1}$, $(\eta_n)_{n\ge 1}$ be independent mean-zero random variables with values in a Banach space $X$ such that $$\sum_n\mathbb P(\xi_n\in A)\le\sum_n\mathbb P(\eta_n\in A)$$for any ...
Lviv Scottish Book's user avatar
15 votes
1 answer
858 views

Operator norms of circulant matrices

The definition and basic properties of circulant matrices can be found here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulant_matrix. For complex numbers $a_1,\ldots,a_n$, I will use the notation $$ \mbox{...
Eusebio Gardella's user avatar
15 votes
1 answer
4k views

Is there a simple direct proof of the Open Mapping Theorem from the Uniform Boundedness Theorem?

The Open Mapping Theorem, the Bounded Inverse Theorem, and the Closed Graph Theorem are equivalent theorems in that any can be easily obtained from any other. The Closed Graph Theorem also easily ...
Bruce Blackadar's user avatar
15 votes
3 answers
8k views

What is an isomorphism of Banach spaces?

The nLab page on Banach spaces (http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/Banach%20space) was recently criticised as being, in effect, too heavily biased to category theory (not of the Baire kind) and not enough ...
Andrew Stacey's user avatar
14 votes
4 answers
517 views

About the existence of characters on $B(X)$

Let $X$ be a Banach space. Let $B(X)$ be the space of all bounded linear operators on $X$. Does $B(X)$ have an empty character space for any $X$? I know the proof of the fact that $M_n(\mathbb{C})$ ...
User93709's user avatar
  • 355
13 votes
1 answer
2k views

Banach-Mazur distance between $\ell^p$-norms

Let $E^n$ be the real or complex space of dimension $n$. If $N$ and $M$ are two norms over $E^n$, and if $A$ is an endomorphism, then $$\|A\|^M_N:=\sup_{x\ne0}\frac{M(Ax)}{N(x)}$$ is an operator norm ...
Denis Serre's user avatar
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