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Let $X$ be an affine, complex surface with isolated singularities and $\pi:\widetilde{X} \to X$ be a resolution of singularities (not necessarily minimal) i.e., $\widetilde{X}$ is non-singular and $\...

Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p > 0$, $X$ a variety over $k$. We say $X$ lifts to characteristic zero, if there exists a local ring $R$ containing $\mathbb Z$ with ...