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I want to know what is following sum coefficient looks like. We sum over all integers $p$, $q$ also we put the condition that $q$ is even. Also, it should depend on the parity of $k$ $$\bar{S}(k)=\...

Let $n>1$ be an integer. Consider the set $C_n := \{0,1, \dots , n-1\}$. An Eulerian ordering of $C_n$ is an ordering $r_1, \dots, r_n$ of its elements such that: $$\forall i \le n \ \forall j&...