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Erdos defined $f(n)$ to be the minimum $r$ such that there is an $r$-coloring of the positive integers less than $n$, wherein $n$ cannot be written as the sum of distinct monochromatic integers. ...

Consider a positive integer $n$ and integers $(c_i)_{1\le i \le 4}$, with $1 \le c_i \le n$. Conside the map: $$f_n: (c_1,c_2,c_3,c_4) \mapsto \delta_{c_1,c_2}\delta_{c_3,c_4} - \# \{ |2n+1-2|x||, \ x ...

Theorems V in this paper of L.E. Dickson states that the following two sets are equal. $$E=\{a^2+b^2+2c^2 \ | \ a,b,c \in \mathbb{Z}\} \ \text{ and } \ F=\mathbb{N} \setminus \{4^k(16n+14) \ | \ k,n \...

Suppose $$ P \subseteq \{1,2,\dots,N\},\quad |P| = K $$ We calculate the differences as: $$ d=p_i-p_j\mod N,\quad i\ne j $$ Now let $a_d$ denote the number of occurrence of $d$ (for $d = 0, 1, 2, ...