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The following result can be found in the paper "Natural operations on differential forms" by Richard S. Palais:

Corollary 4.3: "Let $f_{1}, \ldots , f_{n}$ be $n$ real valued functions of $n$ real variables. Necessary and sufficient conditions that the mapping $f: \mathbb{R}^{n} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{n}$ defined by $f(x) = (f_{1}(x), \ldots , f_{n}(x))$ be a diffeomorphism of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ onto itself are:
(1) $\det (df_{i}/dx_{j})$ never vanishes.
(2) $\lim_{||x||\rightarrow \infty} ||f(x)|| = \infty$."

If we assume that each of the $f_{i}$:s are smooth functions also of some other variables in $y \in \mathbb{R}^{m}$, is satisfaction of the above conditions for all $y \in \mathbb{R}^{m}$ necessary and sufficient for the $x_{i}$:s to be functions of $y$ in the entire $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ (intuitively the answer is yes I suppose)?

Also, if $f$ is smooth in $x$ and $y$, will $x$ be smooth as a function of $y$?

(I just realized my question is related to a previous one: How to "globalize" the inverse function theorem?)

Best regards
Olav

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  • $\begingroup$ Your questions are purely local in nature and therefore follow by the standard inverse function theorem. Voting to close. $\endgroup$
    – Deane Yang
    Commented Jan 7, 2012 at 9:53
  • $\begingroup$ Why do you think they are purely local? The second condition, that the norm of f tends to infinity, does not appear in the usual inverse function theorem $\endgroup$
    – user12400
    Commented Jan 8, 2012 at 7:37
  • $\begingroup$ In case someone else comes across this. A motivation for why the second condition above is needed is of course given by considering the map $x \rightarrow e^{x}$. Obviously the derivative never vanishes, but $e^{x} = a$ has no solution for $a \leq 0$. $\endgroup$
    – user12400
    Commented Apr 12, 2012 at 8:30

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