What does Gal(Q_p/Q) mean? What does
$\mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_{p}/\mathbb{Q})$ mean? ($p$ is a prime number.)
If it is defined as $\mathrm{Aut}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_{p}/\mathbb{Q})$, then does it have any property like usual galois groups?
For example, is the following statement true? :
Let $\alpha \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}_{p}$, and assume that for any $\sigma \in \mathrm{Aut} (\overline{ \mathbb{Q} } _{p} / \mathbb{Q})$, $\sigma (\alpha) = \alpha$. Then, $\alpha \in \mathbb{Q}$.
If this is true, then how can I prove it?
Please give me any advice.
Thanks!
 A: Yes, this is true. A way to prove this is to use the existence of transcendence basis for field extensions, and the fact that $\overline{\mathbf{Q}_p}$ is algebraically closed.
First, assume $\alpha$ is transcendental. Then there exists a transcendence basis $S$ of $\overline{\mathbf{Q}_p}/\mathbf{Q}$ containing $\alpha$. By permuting the elements of $S$, there exists an automorphism $\sigma$ of $\mathbf{Q}(S)$ such that $\sigma(\alpha) \neq \alpha$. Since $\overline{\mathbf{Q}_p}$ is an algebraic closure of $\mathbf{Q}(S)$, you can extend $\sigma$ to an automorphism of $\overline{\mathbf{Q}_p}$, which gives a contradiction.
Finally, if $\alpha \in \overline{\mathbf{Q}}$ but $\alpha \not\in \mathbf{Q}$, then you can take the Galois closure $L$ of $\mathbf{Q}(\alpha)$ and find an automorphism $\sigma$ of $L$ such that $\sigma(\alpha) \neq \alpha$. Then, repeating the above argument, you can extend $\sigma$ to $\overline{\mathbf{Q}_p}$, which gives a contradiction.
Note that the argument works replacing $\overline{\mathbf{Q}_p}$ by any algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$.
