Uniqueness of loop spaces Suppose X is a loop space; by this we mean there is some space $Y$ with $\Omega Y \simeq X$. 
Under what assumptions is (the homotopy type of) $Y$ unique? 
As has been pointed out below, the homotopy type of $Y$ being determined uniquely is far from true in general. But for connected $Y$, are there conditions we can impose that make it so?
 A: As Ryan points out, if Y is allowed to be disconnected, then there is no hope, since the loop-space construction sees only the connected component of the basepoint.  But even if Y is assumed to be connected, it is not unique.  For instance, let G and H be two discrete groups whose underlying sets are bijective, but which are not isomorphic.  Then as (discrete) topological spaces, we have $G\simeq H$, and so both $K(G,1)$ and $K(H,1)$ are spaces Y such that $\Omega Y \simeq G \simeq H$.  But $K(G,1)$ and $K(H,1)$ are not homotopy equivalent unless $G\cong H$ as groups.
What is true, however, is that if we remember the "up-to-coherent-homotopy" multiplication (i.e. "$A_\infty$-structure") on a loop space $\Omega Y$, then the connected space Y is characterized up to homotopy equivalence by $\Omega Y$ and this additional data.  For there is a delooping functor "B" from $A_\infty$-spaces to connected spaces, which preserves homotopy equivalence, and such that $B\Omega Y \simeq Y$.
A: As others have pointed out, the generic case (whatever that should mean in this case) is that the loop structure on a loop space is not unique. However, things get quite interesting whenever we have a space that actually does have a unique loop structure. I highly recommend looking at:
Dwyer, Miller, Wilkerson: The homotopic uniqueness of $BS^3$, LNM 1298
and
Dwyer, Miller, Wilkerson: Homotopical uniqueness of classifying spaces. Topology 31 (1992), no. 1, 29–45.
