Riemann Zeta Function connection to Quantum Mechanics. I feel like this question is probably wrong for MO, (too low level, perhaps unclear) but my curiosity has got the better of me:
I hear that the Riemann Zeta Function and its zeros have applications to quantum mechanics, as well as other fields.  I do not understand these connections, and because of this the following question came up:
In theory, is it possible through physical experiments (particle experiments) to approximately calculate the first few zeros of the Riemann zeta function?  
In other words, (using the explicit formula) could we write down the $n^{th}$ prime number (up to a given margin of error/probability of correctness) only from doing quantum mechanical experiments?
(If there are conjectures/facts that we cannot prove, but would answer the question, I would be happy to hear those too)
Thanks!
 A: For pleasurable background reading,
permit me to suggest
the oft-told tale of the encounter between Freeman Dyson and Hugh Montgomery.
One source is The Riemann hypothesis: the greatest unsolved problem in mathematics
by Karl Sabbagh, Chapter 9, available via Google Books here.

...when Hugh Montgomery was visiting Princeton in 1972 and was introduced to ... Freeman Dyson over
  tea, he answered perfectly truthfully when Dyson asked him conversationally what he was working on.
  His answer struck a chord with Dyson, who then supplied a piece of information that indirectly led
  to what today is seen as the most promising approach to proving the Riemann Hypothesis.

The same story is told in the book Stalking the Riemann Hypothesis: The Quest to Find the Hidden Law of Prime, by Dan Rockmore; Google Books here.
A bit more technical detail is in the Wikipedia article on Montgomery's conjecture.
And here is a discussion by John Baez in his This Week's Finds column.
A: M. Berry, Riemann's zeta function: a model of quantum chaos, Lecture Notes in Physics,
Vol.263, Springer-Verlag, 1986.
I thought that this article was very useful.
A: This may be buried in one of the references above, but for those don't wish to go through them all...
The zeta function can arise as the trace of Hamiltonians governing physical systems. For example in an experiment to measure the Casimir effect (two perfectly conducting plates placed very close to each other) the force they exert on each other has a formula that involved the the derivative of the Riemann zeta function evaluated at $-\frac{1}{2}$. This has been experimentally validated to a reasonable amount of precision. 
This may not get you zeros, but it gets you certain values. 
A: There were some papers I heard of which sought to explore the connections between  Riemann zeta functions and quantum theory (saw them on my brother's buzz and  Anirbit's). (Never dare ask me about details!) (Some have been mentioned above.)


*

*NONCOMMUTATIVE GEOMETRY AND THE RIEMANN ZETA FUNCTION (by Alain Connes)

*RIEMANN HYPOTHESIS AND QUANTUM MECHANICS (by MICHEL PLANAT, PATRICK SOL´E, AND SAMI OMAR)

*A PHYSICS PATHWAY TO THE RIEMANN HYPOTHESIS (by Germán Sierra)

*The Physics of the Riemann Zeta function(David Lyon) 
A: This paper came up in a different context on MO a few days ago: http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/ppslq.pdf
It shows the multiple zeta function (a generalization of the zeta function to multiple variables) showing up in QFT in what I saw as an amazing way.  But I doubt there is any analogue physical apparatus that gets the values out in a way that tells us anything about RH.
A: I recently found the article about this topic which may give you some answer:
"Physics of the Riemann Hypothesis" http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.3116
