Working in Quine's $\sf NFU$, with urelements being at least as many as sets. Formally the latter is: $|Ur| \geq |Set|$.
Where $Ur$ is the set of all urelements and $Set$ is the set of all sets. We shall reserve $Set^2$ for the set of all sets of sets.
Lets call a set small, if and only if, it is a set of sets and it is strictly smaller in cardinality than the set of all double singletons of urelements.
$\operatorname {small}(x) \iff x \in Set^2 \land |x| < |\{ \{\{y\}\} \mid y \in Ur\}| $
Is it consistent with $\sf NFU$ for the Category of those small sets to be Cartesian Closed? And thus constitute a topos.