My question is rather simple:
What is the correct notion of a monoidal A-infinity category C?
Or is there any reference where such a notion is explained?
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asked Dec 1, 2010 at 20:47
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1$\begingroup$ There is the notion of monoidal $\infty$-category, which can be found in Lurie's DAG II. $A_{\infty}$-categories are something like $\infty$-categories tensored and enriched over the $\infty$-category of modules over the Eilenberg-Maclane spectrum of your ground field. I'm not sure what compatibilities you consider between the monoidal and linear structures, though. $\endgroup$– Chris BravCommented Dec 1, 2010 at 21:23
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$\begingroup$ I have wondered about this also. A definition of monoidal dg category would be nice also. I would like a plain-and-simple definition that doesn't use words like "$\infty$-category". Presumably it should be, I would guess, something like a functor $\otimes : C \times C \to C$ for which the coherence conditions hold up to coherent homotopy... $\endgroup$– Kevin H. LinCommented Dec 1, 2010 at 22:16
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3$\begingroup$ "Presumably it should be, I would guess, something like a functor $\otimes: C \times C \to C$ for which the coherence conditions hold up to coherent homotopy". How is this different from a definition which uses the word "$\infty$-category"? $\endgroup$– Chris Schommer-PriesCommented Dec 2, 2010 at 2:44
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1$\begingroup$ Are you after higher homotopy on compoistions or tensor products or, God forbids, both? $\endgroup$– Bugs BunnyCommented Dec 2, 2010 at 9:39
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3$\begingroup$ You might also look at my recent paper arxiv.org/abs/1009.5025 with Kevin Walker, which has a definition for an $A_\infty$ n-category. $\endgroup$– Kim MorrisonCommented Dec 16, 2010 at 23:07
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2 Answers
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Since no one else has posted an answer I'll take the opportunity to plug a recent paper with Scott Morrison, arxiv.org/abs/1009.5025. Section 6 of that paper gives a definition of "$A_\infty$ $n$-category", where for us "$n$-category" usually means an $n$-category with lots of duality, like a pivotal 2-category, and the "$A_\infty$" part means that at level $n$ things (associativity, various compositions and dualities) only hold up to (coherent) higher homotopies.
(Based on feedback from others we will soon revise the terminology of the paper, e.g. replace "$A_\infty$" with "infinity".)
The case you ask about, a monoidal $A_\infty$ category, would correspond to one of our $A_\infty$ 2-categories with only one object. (The case of $A_\infty$ 2-category with only one object and only one 1-morphism would correspond to an $E_2$ algebra.)
Quoth Bugs Bunny in a comment on the original question: "Are you after higher homotopy on compositions or tensor products or, God forbid, both?" For us, the answer is both, and moreover the pivotal structure is only up to higher homotopy. The way to make this manageable is to impose more coherence conditions, rather than fewer. Roughly speaking, our $n$-category axioms are parameterized by all ways of gluing $n$-balls together, and by all (families of) homeomorphisms of $n$-balls. This is a very long list of axioms/coherence conditions, but it is relatively easy to show that the basic examples we have in mind satisfy them all. Presumably this long list of axioms is implied by a much shorter and more combinatorial list (finite or at least finitely generated in some sense), but coming up with such a list is a difficult problem which we need not and do not try to solve.
If you're not interested in pivotal monoidal $A_\infty$ categories, our definition can be adapted to not require so much duality, though we don't develop this in the paper.
answered Jan 7, 2011 at 2:40
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$\begingroup$ Dear Kevin, can your formalism be adapted to simplicial sets from topological spaces? $\endgroup$ Commented Jan 7, 2011 at 4:28
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$\begingroup$ @Harry - Do you mean replace the topological $n$-balls which play a prominent role in our definition with simplices, or with some other simplicial version of balls? $\endgroup$ Commented Jan 7, 2011 at 4:41
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$\begingroup$ @Kevin: I think so, sure. If that doesn't work, maybe replace "$\Delta[n]$" by "$Ex^\infty(\Delta[n])$"? $\endgroup$ Commented Jan 7, 2011 at 5:14
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$\begingroup$ @Harry - Perhaps the result of using simplices instead balls would be something like the $\Theta_n$ style $n$-category definitions of Rezk and others. I'm not really an expert on that, so I'm not sure. From our point of view, simplicial (or globular) approaches are not attractive since we want a convenient way to talk about a strong version of duality: for every way of rotating a $k$-ball, there should be a corresponding operation ("duality") on $k$-morphisms. $\endgroup$ Commented Jan 7, 2011 at 6:06
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$\begingroup$ Dear Kevin, I guess I'll have to read your paper then! You've got me hooked, so to speak. $\endgroup$ Commented Jan 7, 2011 at 7:02
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One way to define a monoidal $A_\infty$-category (which is what Chris Brav suggests in the comments - and of course presumably to Kevin and Scott's) is as an associative algebra object in the monoidal $(\infty,1)$-category of $A_\infty$ categories (which is the same as that of dg categories). In other words, to define a monoidal structure we first need to ask "what do $A_\infty$-categories form?" and then just take the notion of associative multiplication in that world. Now of course to say that sentence I need to know there's a theory of monoidal $(\infty,1)$ -categories, for which we have Lurie's DAG II. But the advantage is that with this definition we can immediately perform all the operations of ordinary algebra as if we were just dealing with an associative ring -- there's automatically a theory of module categories eg, inner homs, bimodules and tensors, we can even talk about Hochschild homology and each module category defines a character object in this Hochschild homology, and of course many many other things. So I strongly believe it's worth the investment.
As to how to define this monoidal $(\infty,1)$-category, there are many ways, but I'll take the cheapest (again modulo the worthwhile investment which is DAG): I would define them as modules for dg-Vect, the monoidal $\infty$-category of chain complexes of $k$-vector spaces. This category itself is given as modules for the commutative ring k, hence its monoidal structure. (Again modulo DAG 2 and now 3 for commutative rings and their tensor products of modules).
[Let me attempt to preempt the obvious complaint with all this: yes it's not very explicit and close to the ground, i.e. to models, and for calculations you very well may want a more concrete objectwise definition in terms of higher homotopies. This approach is however a very powerful one for proving formal properties -- ie if the questions you're asking have the feeling "this would be easy/formal/follow for abstract general reasons if I were living in the toy model world of just plain monoidal categories, or even associative algebras, but seem hard in this homotopical world" then this is the approach for you, otherwise it's not.]
answered Jan 7, 2011 at 3:44