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Faltings proved the following:

Fix integers $w, d \geqslant 0$, and fix a number field $K$ and a finite set $S$ of primes of $\mathcal{O}_K$. There are, up to conjugation, only finitely many semisimple Galois representations $\rho: G_K \rightarrow \mathrm{GL}_d\left(\mathbf{Q}_p\right)$ such that

(a) $\rho$ is unramified outside $S$, and

(b) $\rho$ is pure of weight $w$, i.e. for every prime $\mathfrak{p} \notin S$ all the eigenvalues of Frobenius at $\mathfrak{p}$ are algebraic integers, all of whose conjugates have complex absolute value $\left|\mathcal{O}_K / \mathfrak{p}\right|^{w / 2}$.

I wonder is there a good bound on the number of such representations?

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    $\begingroup$ I suspect an effective bound would lead to an effective version of the Shafarevich conjecture, and hence an effective Mordell conjecture, which is a big open problem. Thus probably the answer is no. $\endgroup$ Commented Sep 12, 2023 at 15:54

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