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Suppose $(M,g)$ is a smooth compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $n\geq 2$ with smooth boundary and denote by $\{\phi_k,\lambda_k\}_{k\in \mathbb N}$ its Dirihclet spectral decomposition for the Laplace-Beltrami operator $-\Delta_g$.

Is there a way to use somewhat elementary arguments to prove the convergence

$$ \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{\lambda_k^p} <\infty,$$

for sufficiently large $p$ depending on $n$, without using the Weyl's law?

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    $\begingroup$ If you count Sobolev embedding and elliptic regularity as "elementary", you can use these tools to show that $(1-\Delta_g)^{-s}$ has a continuous integral kernel for $s$ large enough ($s>n/2$ will suffice), and on taking traces one will obtain the claim. $\endgroup$
    – Terry Tao
    Commented Feb 17, 2022 at 19:26

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