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Consider the next identity $$ \sum_{\tau \vdash r} d^2 (\tau ) \! \prod_{i = -(r-1)}^{r-1} \! \! \left( N+i \right)^{t_i^r} =\sum_{\tau \vdash r} d^2 (\tau ) \prod_{i = 1}^{r} \Gamma [N + \tau_i - i +1]= r! \, N^{r} $$ where $d(\tau)$ is dimension of representation of a permutation group $S_r$ and $\tau =(\tau_1,...,\tau_{l(\tau)})$ is a partition of $\tau \vdash r$, some power`s coefficients $t_i^r$ dictated by corresponding Young diagram.

I don`t have proof or combinatorial meaning of this fact.

For example $r=2$ $$ N(N+1)+(N-1)N= 2! N^2 \ , $$ for $r=3$ $$ N(N+1)(N+2)+2^2(N-1)N(N+1)+(N-2)(N-1)N= 3! N^3 \ , $$ for $r=4$ we have less trivial case $$ N(N+1)(N+2)(N+3)+3^2(N-1)N(N+1)(N+2)+ 2^2(N-1)N^2(N+1)+3^2(N-2)(N-1)N(N+1)+(N-3)(N-2)(N-1)N = 4!\, N^4 $$ and so on.

The structure of the summand in brackets is cleared by the illustration of the Young diagram for partition $(3,2,2)$ that belongs to $r=7$ case.

enter image description here

Even don`t clear, is this identity obvious. Is this a known fact at all?

P.S. Of course, this is more sophisticated modification of known identity $$ \sum_{\tau \vdash r} d^2 (\tau ) =r! $$

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    $\begingroup$ See mathoverflow.net/questions/312604/… $\endgroup$ Oct 21, 2021 at 18:21
  • $\begingroup$ @GjergjiZaimi thank you. $\endgroup$ Oct 24, 2021 at 8:37
  • $\begingroup$ @GjergjiZaimi What we could say about another quantity $\sum_{\tau \vdash r} d^2 (\tau ) \prod_{i = 1}^{r} \Gamma [N + \tau_i - i +1]/ \Gamma [N + \tau_i - i +1+q]= ?$, where $q$ is integer. Is there a closed expression? $\endgroup$ Oct 24, 2021 at 8:42
  • $\begingroup$ What is $\Gamma$? $\endgroup$
    – ArB
    Oct 26, 2021 at 5:21
  • $\begingroup$ $\Gamma$ is Gamma function. $\endgroup$ Oct 26, 2021 at 8:53

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